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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

83.59 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight991 kg
Fuel69 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
27 Mar 2024 0:10 5 nm Cessna Skyhawk 7 kg
Departure Score
92.50 %
Pattern Score
71.19 %
Arrival Score
87.07 %

What went well

Touchdown 375 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 50 ft and 64 kt — both inside band
1.20 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 141.6 ° at 0 %, speed limits at 0 %, −6.31 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — bank angle up to 44.1 ° at 33 %, Angle to runway (45 degrees) 29.0 ° at 56 %, −2.25 points
Arrival Final 1 — bank angle up to 26.1 ° at 38 %, Approach angle 3.5 ° at 69 %, −1.71 points

Next time

Improve the pattern base leg turn

See Pattern Base Leg Turn

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work

Start to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 94.60Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 69 knTarget 62 kn
73 % Runway alignment max 11.50 m10.45 m left to 1.05 m right -1.04 10.18 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 0.97 1.12 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.3 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.3 3.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 95.41Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -1.3 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.9 ° -0.9 -1.5 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn69 kn min to max 73 kn 69 73 kn
92 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 0.5 0.7 °
89 % Average g force 1.03 g0.83 g min to max 1.45 g 1.17 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 498 ft/m365 ft/m min to max 571 ft/m 365 405 ft/m
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °3.6 ° min to max 8.3 ° 4.5 4.1 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 76 kn73 kn min to max 79 kn 73 79 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.7 °0.7 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.7 4.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 375 ft/m352 ft/m min to max 434 ft/m 403 434 ft/m
Info Average altitude 61 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 79 ft agl 44 79 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °3.6 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.1 4.1 °
Pattern Entry 98.51Right hand pattern entry from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 56 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 83 kn78 kn min to max 95 kn 78 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.6 °0.2 ° min to max 32.7 ° 5.4 23.4 °
85 % Average g force 1.01 g0.83 g min to max 1.51 g 1.03 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 529 ft/m-340 ft/m min to max 1,304 ft/m 439 -211 ft/m
Info Average altitude 295 ft agl96 ft agl min to max 638 ft agl 96 623 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °-1.9 ° min to max 10.0 ° 4.0 -0.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 360 ft agl · 89 kt
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Distance was less than 1 nm in 17 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -3.4 °-13.0 ° min to max 16.8 ° -13.0 16.8 °
100 % Average speed 97 kn96 kn min to max 99 kn 96 96 kn
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.89 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 487 ft/m-85 ft/m min to max 820 ft/m -85 176 ft/m
Info Average altitude 702 ft agl622 ft agl min to max 783 ft agl 622 783 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 13.1 °0.4 ° min to max 38.4 ° 22.5 38.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.0 0.0 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 66.29Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 29.0 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
56 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 29.0 °.
100 % Average speed 104 kn98 kn min to max 112 kn 98 112 kn
33 % Average bank angle 41.0 °34.2 ° min to max 44.1 ° 40.2 34.2 °
97 % Average g force 1.05 g0.69 g min to max 1.24 g 1.19 0.69 g
Info Average VSI -777 ft/m-1,941 ft/m min to max -112 ft/m -112 -1,941 ft/m
Info Average altitude 742 ft agl674 ft agl min to max 779 ft agl 779 674 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-14.3 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -14.3 °
Pattern Downwind 85.84Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 61 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -1.5 °-11.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° -9.0 -11.0 °
72 % Average altitude 825 ft agl617 ft agl min to max 1,005 ft agl 624 970 ft agl
100 % Average speed 105 kn88 kn min to max 118 kn 118 105 kn
41 % Average g force 1.04 g0.36 g min to max 2.28 g 1.26 1.31 g
Info Average VSI 258 ft/m-2,679 ft/m min to max 1,697 ft/m -2,679 62 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 5.9 °0.0 ° min to max 45.7 ° 21.0 45.7 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-11.5 ° min to max 10.8 ° -11.5 0.5 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 5.31Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 141.6 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 141.6 °.
0 % Average speed 103 kn60 kn min to max 146 kn 106 71 kn
0 % Average bank angle 16.2 °0.1 ° min to max 56.0 ° 49.5 23.7 °
53 % Average g force 1.09 g0.09 g min to max 2.07 g 1.20 2.07 g
Info Average VSI -291 ft/m-3,187 ft/m min to max 2,337 ft/m -111 -1,072 ft/m
Info Average altitude 594 ft agl190 ft agl min to max 968 ft agl 968 190 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-13.3 ° min to max 12.5 ° -1.4 8.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 783 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Parking Brake On 857 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 845 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 370 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 351 ft agl · 76 kt
Arrival Final 1 79.43Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 191 ft agl to 54 ft agl. A decrease of 138 ft in 12 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
69 % Approach angle 3.5 °3.2 ° min to max 4.6 °Target 3.0 ° 4.3 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 65 kn64 kn min to max 69 kn 69 64 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.4 °
38 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.4 ° min to max 26.1 ° 26.1 1.5 °
82 % Average g force 1.02 g0.43 g min to max 1.41 g 1.13 1.17 g
Info Average VSI -672 ft/m-1,030 ft/m min to max -134 ft/m -342 -458 ft/m
Info Average altitude 81 ft agl54 ft agl min to max 192 ft agl 191 54 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-7.2 ° min to max 6.2 ° 4.0 2.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 99.45Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 64 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 64 kn. Target 63 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
98 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.5 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.5 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.25 g 1.14 1.05 g
Info Average speed 58 kn52 kn min to max 64 kn 64 52 kn
Info Average VSI -297 ft/m-486 ft/m min to max -96 ft/m -442 -218 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 50 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° 2.2 5.3 °
07515022530037545001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 88.71Touchdown distance was good at 374 m. Touchdown speed at 52 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -218 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 15.6 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Touchdown VSI was -218 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 374 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 52 knTarget 53 kn
54 % Runway alignment max 15.60 m15.27 m left 15.60 14.89 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.05 g min to max 1.20 g 1.05 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 51 kn51 kn min to max 52 kn 52 51 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °4.9 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.3 5.0 °
Arrival Rollout 80.70Total landing distance 664 m, 31 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 664 m31 % of runway.
57 % Runway alignment max 19.87 m14.81 m left to 5.05 m right 14.81 -3.50 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average speed 58 kn33 kn min to max 61 kn 61 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.1 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 16 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kn5 kn min to max 57 kn 27 57 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.3 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 68 kt with 4.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.5° off4° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 0.6° 0 s
Liftoff493 m 68 kt 4.5° 21.1 s
35 ft644 m · 3.8 s after liftoff 72 kt 4.1° 24.9 s
End of the climb936 m · 79 ft 79 kt 4.1° 31.8 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
685m32 %
Liftoff speed100.00
68kt
Runway alignment73.00
10.45m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb95.41
497fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 79 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,286 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 68 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 195 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 11 m at the widest, and lifted off 11 m left. Airborne 32 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 10.53 m LROLL 195 M INAirborne 688 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 688 m of 2,124 m · 32 %
Behind the start of the roll, 195 mTakeoff roll, 493 m Left ahead, 1,437 m

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
50ft
Threshold speed100.00
64kt
Centreline offset98.40
0.16m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
375m
Centreline54.23
15.60m L
Speed100.00
51kt
Touchdown rate82.32
-218fpm
Impact100.00
1.20G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 62 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 12 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 41 m30 kt · 307 mtouchdown319 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 50 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 375 m in, 70 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

50 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −218 fpm · 5.3° nose up · 52 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 50 ft, down at 375 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 320 fpm at 53 ft to 50 fpm at 11 ft, then back up to 220 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−1°4°10°touchdown−218 fpm at touchdown5.3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 15 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 3.3 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 375 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 375 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 646 m of 2,124 m · 30 %
In the air over the runway, 375 mRollout, 271 m Left over, 1,478 m
Rollout distance100.00
271m30 % used
Rollout alignment57.11
14.81m L

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