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LSZR
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Runway 28
Elevation1,306 ft asl
Weight707 kg
Fuel43 kg
WindCalm

Flight Score

93.99 %
LSZR
St. Gallen, Switzerland
Runway 28
Elevation1,306 ft asl
Weight707 kg
Fuel87 kg
WindCalm
23 Dec 2025 0:08 8 nm PA38 Tomahawk
Departure Score
95.32 %
Pattern Score
95.87 %
Arrival Score
90.78 %

What went well

Touched down at -62 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 316 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 20 ft and 66 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Taxi — peak taxi speed 50 kt at 1 %, Landing Lights at 1 %, −3.07 points
Departure Climb 2 — scored 90.00 %, −1.11 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 62.5 ° at 50 %, −0.72 points

Next time

Departure

Ease back pressure in smoothly as you approach 58 kt, holding a steady rotation rate rather than snatching the controls.

What happened: On the takeoff roll the aircraft bounced before becoming fully airborne.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: a smooth, continuous pitch-up through liftoff with no secondary bounce.

See Departure Roll

Twenty knots on a monitor produces the visual sensation of about ten. The advice to "taxi at a walking pace" cannot fix this, because your sense of walking pace is exactly the thing that's broken. Put the groundspeed readout in your scan and obey it for the next fifty flights, the way a student pilot leans on the airspeed indicator before learning to read attitude.

Read more in How to Taxi Anywhere

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 3 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 0 15 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average g force 0.74 g0.03 g min to max 1.00 g 0.03 1.00 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 95.96Departure roll runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. Takeoff distance 317 m 24 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 58 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 0 kt at 302 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 317 m24 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 58 ktTarget 58 kt
99.8 % Runway alignment max 3.10 m left3.10 m left to 0.00 m left 3.10 2.26 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
80 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.2 ° min to max 4.1 ° -0.8 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.7 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.3 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 65 kt58 kt min to max 69 kt 58 69 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 358 fpm263 fpm min to max 567 fpm 263 567 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 1 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °4.2 ° min to max 7.1 ° 4.2 7.1 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kt65 kt min to max 69 kt 69 65 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.3 4.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 730 fpm573 fpm min to max 877 fpm 573 725 fpm
Info Average altitude 144 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 455 ft agl 53 455 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °7.1 ° min to max 8.9 ° 7.1 8.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 134 ft agl · 71 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Right hand pattern entry from runway 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 66 kt65 kt min to max 69 kt 65 69 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.3 °5.0 ° min to max 14.4 ° 5.0 14.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 637 fpm468 fpm min to max 750 fpm 742 468 fpm
Info Average altitude 601 ft agl471 ft agl min to max 721 ft agl 471 721 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °5.4 ° min to max 8.3 ° 8.3 5.4 °
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 28 LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.6 °-17.9 ° min to max 18.4 ° -17.9 18.4 °
100 % Average speed 75 kt69 kt min to max 81 kt 69 81 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.03 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 167 fpm11 fpm min to max 473 fpm 462 112 fpm
Info Average altitude 775 ft agl729 ft agl min to max 796 ft agl 729 796 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 6.8 °0.4 ° min to max 15.0 ° 14.7 11.3 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.1 ° min to max 5.3 ° 5.3 1.2 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 84.98Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 62.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
50 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 62.5 °.
100 % Average speed 84 kt81 kt min to max 87 kt 81 87 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.5 °11.0 ° min to max 11.9 ° 11.0 11.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 61 fpm-15 fpm min to max 123 fpm 123 97 fpm
Info Average altitude 807 ft agl798 ft agl min to max 814 ft agl 798 814 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.5 °
Pattern Downwind 90.02Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 80 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 3.6 °-18.4 ° min to max 19.0 ° -18.4 19.0 °
67 % Average altitude 799 ft agl769 ft agl min to max 817 ft agl 816 771 ft agl
100 % Average speed 92 kt85 kt min to max 94 kt 87 85 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -33 fpm-299 fpm min to max 125 fpm 104 7 fpm
Info Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 11.2 ° 11.2 9.4 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-3.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 -0.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 801 ft agl · 92 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 96.06Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 36.7 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 36.7 °.
100 % Average speed 81 kt79 kt min to max 84 kt 84 80 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.7 °10.0 ° min to max 12.8 ° 10.0 12.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 38 fpm-66 fpm min to max 143 fpm 49 -66 fpm
Info Average altitude 780 ft agl772 ft agl min to max 784 ft agl 772 782 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.8 -0.5 °
Pattern Base Leg 100.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -1.8 °-18.4 ° min to max 16.9 ° -18.4 16.9 °
100 % Average speed 79 kt78 kt min to max 80 kt 80 78 kt
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average altitude 779 ft agl774 ft agl min to max 786 ft agl 780 783 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 11.3 °6.0 ° min to max 14.6 ° 12.9 14.6 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.6 -1.1 °
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 37 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 81 kt78 kt min to max 84 kt 79 78 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.1 °0.5 ° min to max 13.9 ° 13.9 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -709 fpm-1,231 fpm min to max -171 fpm -171 -506 fpm
Info Average altitude 536 ft agl324 ft agl min to max 779 ft agl 779 324 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-9.0 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.6 -3.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 712 ft agl · 85 kt
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 315 ft agl to 21 ft agl. A decrease of 294 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.2 °1.4 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 4.0 ° 3.8 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 76 kt67 kt min to max 79 kt 78 67 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.9 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -608 fpm-724 fpm min to max -249 fpm -525 -249 fpm
Info Average altitude 73 ft agl21 ft agl min to max 315 ft agl 315 21 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.6 °-5.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -4.0 0.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, runway length 1,322 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 67 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 67 kt. Target 62 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.04 m left0.04 m left to 0.03 m left 0.03 0.04 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Average speed 55 kt44 kt min to max 67 kt 67 44 kt
Info Average VSI -126 fpm-245 fpm min to max -36 fpm -245 -42 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 20 ft agl 20 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.1 ° min to max 5.0 ° 0.1 4.8 °
07515022530037501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 315 m. Touchdown speed at 44 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -42 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 0 kt at 302 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -42 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 316 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 ktTarget below 48 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.26 m left2.20 m left 2.26 2.13 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 0.98 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kt43 kt min to max 44 kt 44 43 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °4.3 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.8 4.3 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 826 m, 62 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 826 m62 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.53 m left2.53 m left to 0.00 m left 2.12 1.32 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 45 kt30 kt min to max 51 kt 51 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-1.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.3 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 40 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 7 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt12 kt min to max 30 kt 30 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.0 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.99 g
Arrival Taxi 53.88Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
1 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 50 kt 12 50 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 ktmax 6 kt 0 0 kt
86 % Average g force 1.18 g0.99 g min to max 1.98 g 1.00 1.96 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.8 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 57 kt with 2.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.9° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 4 kt -0.8° 0 s
Liftoff299 m · target 58 57 kt 2.9° 13.2 s
35 ft552 m · 7.2 s after liftoff 68 kt 5.7° 20.4 s
End of the climb1,810 m · 455 ft 65 kt 8.2° 55.3 s

Takeoff from LSZR 28

Takeoff roll100.00
372m28 %
Liftoff speed100.00
57kttarget 58, 1 slow
Runway alignment99.82
3.10m L
Bounce on takeoff80.00
Yes
Rate of climb100.00
357fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 455 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 714 m of runway left; then climbing at 650 fpm on average to 455 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 57 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,322 m runway.

Rolled from 56 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 3.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.4 m left. Airborne 26 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 3.13 m LROLL 56 M INAirborne 355 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 355 m of 1,322 m · 27 %
Behind the start of the roll, 56 mTakeoff roll, 299 m Left ahead, 967 m

The circuit to LSZR 28

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.9 nm out at 92 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft15°112°213°314°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
680 ft
Bank
15°
Speed
67 kt

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

2Onto downwind
Bank
12°
Height
799 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
92 kt
Out
1.2 nm 0.9 suits 92 kt

Turn onto downwind: scored 50.

The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
37° target 45°
Bank
13°
Height
772 ft

Late: turned base with the threshold 37° behind, against 45°.

The stopwatch. From abeam the threshold, fly roughly 30 to 45 seconds before turning base, in nil wind at 172 speeds. Treat that as a starting value and calibrate it. If your finals keep coming out at 400 ft instead of 500, add a few seconds. Then adjust for wind, roughly a second per knot of headwind on final (a headwind on final is a tailwind on downwind, carrying you further from the field per second).

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
14°
Overshoot
18 m none
Speed
81 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind100Turn onto downwind85Downwind90Base turn96Base100Final turn100

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Seven checks, one gate300 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.9 nm, about 420 ft above the runway, to the threshold, before the 300 ft gate.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LSZR 28

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 4° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 70 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 4° here, which is about 420 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 70 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,7701,3409204904° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND472300 ft gate7 of 7349 ft · 79 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 324 m right of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.9 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND77 m R18 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −3 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 70 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 70+12 kt−3 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LSZR 28

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
20ft
Threshold speed100.00
66kttarget 70, 4 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.04m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
316m
Centreline100.00
2.26m L
Speed100.00
44kttarget 68 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-62fpm
Impact100.00
1.08G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 26 s, an average deceleration of 0.04 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 511 mtouchdown532 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,322 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 316 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,322 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −62 fpm · 4.8° nose up · 44 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 20 ft, down at 316 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 160 fpm at 17 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−62 fpm at touchdown4.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,322 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.1 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 2.3 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 316 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 316 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 810 m of 1,322 m · 61 %
In the air over the runway, 316 mRollout, 495 m Left over, 511 m
Rollout distance100.00
495m61 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.53m L

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The flight began with a departure roll from runway 28 at LSZR Sankt Gallen Altenrhein Airport, where the PA38 Tomahawk aircraft took off with a takeoff distance of 317 meters, which accounted for 24% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 58 knots. At the time of takeoff, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 12 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 0 knots at 302 degrees, resulting in no crosswind or headwind.

After taking off, the aircraft entered a right-hand pattern from runway 28, completing the entry in less than 1 nautical mile in 23 seconds. The subsequent right-hand pattern crosswind leg was also completed in less than 1 nautical mile in 26 seconds. The pilot then initiated a pattern downwind turn, covering a distance of 1 nautical mile at an angle of 62.5 degrees to the runway. The downwind leg itself covered a distance of 2 nautical miles in 80 seconds.

The pilot then turned onto the base leg, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles at an angle of 36.7 degrees to the runway. The base leg itself was completed in less than 1 nautical mile in 14 seconds. The final turn was made, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 37 seconds. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 28 from the east, heading 279.0 degrees at 1 nautical mile and 315 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 28 was successful, with the aircraft touching down at a speed of 44 knots and a distance of 315 meters. The touchdown rate was perfect at -42 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 11 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 0 knots at 302 degrees, resulting in no crosswind or headwind.

The total landing distance was 826 meters, which accounted for 62% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was perfect, and the aircraft came to a stop without any issues. After landing, the pilot taxied the aircraft to the parking area, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 2 minutes. The total flight distance was 8 nautical miles, and the flight used a total of -44 kilograms of fuel.

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