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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
On the roll, make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline.
What happened: On the roll the aircraft drifted 54 m off the centreline, and heading then varied by 8.5° through the first climb segment; drifting off centreline on the roll like this usually carries a heading variation into the climb, which in turn usually carries extra bank into the second climb segment, seen here as 7.7°.
Watch for: Heading indicator: wings level and track straight through the climb
Arrival
Lower the gear before the stabilisation gate so it is down and locked well ahead of the threshold.
What happened: The gear was still up at the stabilisation gate, and the threshold was crossed 16 kt below vref; an approach that enters the flare like this usually carries through to a firm touchdown, as recorded here at 524 fpm.
Watch for: Gear position indicator: down and locked before the stabilisation gate.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 11 stages, 10 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 76 kt with 2.5° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 344 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,230 m of runway left; then climbing at 400 fpm on average to 344 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,047 m runway.
Rolled from 137 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 35 m at the widest, and lifted off 35 m right. Airborne 9 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: gear still up and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Not every check held at once from 3.0 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 3.0 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 170 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 779 m left of the centreline at 3.0 nm, then inside it from 2.1 to 1.8 nm, then drifted 119 m right between 1.8 and 0.3 nm, then inside the band from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 49 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 29 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 3.0 nm, where the final began, to 2.6 nm, then fast to 1.4 nm (up to +52 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 0.6° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 211 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
12 kt across from the left, which takes about 9° of crab to hold the centreline at 76 kt. Touched down with the nose 10° into wind, wings level.
Wind 159° at 16 kt · 10 kt head · 12 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 23 ft. Touched down 211 m in, 94 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink grew from 420 fpm at the flare to 520 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,135 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 10 m left of the centreline and drifted to 17 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 211 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.76 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The Grumman G-21 Goose taxied to runway 42W at 4NY2 Edo Seaplane Base and positioned for the departure roll.
During takeoff the aircraft accelerated over a distance of 507 m, representing 17 % of the runway, and lifted off at 76 kt. Ambient conditions were 29 °C with a wind of 11 kt from 190°, a cross-wind component of 4 kt and a head-wind component of 10 kt.
The climb began overhead College Point, New York, where the airplane rose from 353 ft asl to 987 ft asl, an increase of 634 ft achieved in 1 minute while covering 3 nm.
Level cruise was subsequently established over the same waypoint, lasting 3 minutes and extending for 7 nm.
For the final approach the Goose was aligned with runway 22 at KLGA LaGuardia Airport from the north-east, tracking a heading of 213.0° at 1 nm and 479 ft agl. Weather at the destination was 28 °C with a wind of 18 kt from 160°, a cross-wind component of 14 kt and a head-wind component of 11 kt.
Landing was executed on runway 22, whose length is 2 133 m. The threshold speed was recorded at 81 kt, while touchdown occurred 207 m down the runway at a speed of 76 kt. The aircraft impacted the surface with a hard rate of minus 478 fpm and was laterally displaced 8.2 m from the centreline. Total landing distance measured 388 m, equivalent to 18 % of the runway.
During rollout the aircraft’s alignment remained significantly off-centre, with a measured deviation of 45.7 m from the centreline.
The Goose taxied from the runway to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 13 nm, required 6 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 16 kg of fuel.
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