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EHGG
Groningen, The Netherlands
Runway 23
Elevation13 ft asl
Weight1,035 kg
Fuel168 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.42 %
EHGG
Groningen, The Netherlands
Runway 23
Elevation13 ft asl
Weight1,033 kg
Fuel166 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
16 Jun 2026 0:05 5 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 3 kg
Departure Score
91.98 %
Pattern Score
99.81 %
Arrival Score
97.47 %

What went well

Touched down at -60 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 41 ft and 78 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 0.08 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Roll — Rotation speed was 42 kt at 24 %, g force 0.02 to 1.02 g at 61 %, −2.46 points
Arrival Touchdown — g force 0.27 to 0.93 g at 73 %, Touchdown distance was 659 m at 78 %, −0.52 points
Arrival Rollout — g force 0.28 to 0.73 g at 71 %, −0.32 points

Next time

Departure

Hold the nose down until the speed reaches 71 kt, then rotate.

What happened: You started the rotation at 42 kt, 29 kt before the 71 kt rotation speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 71 kt at rotation

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Keep the back pressure coming through the flare so the sink is arrested before the wheels meet the runway.

What happened: Touchdown g reached 0.7 g, and a firm arrival like this usually feeds through into a more pronounced g reading during rollout, which matched here at 0.5 g.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smooth, gentle rate at touchdown

See Arrival TouchdownArrival Rollout

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 23 at EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 0 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °0.9 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.9 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.70 g0.00 g min to max 1.00 g 0.49 0.88 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 77.85Departure roll runway 23 at EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde. Takeoff distance 319 m 13 % of runway. Rotation speed was 42 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 319 m13 % of runway
24 % Rotation speed was 42 ktTarget 71 kt
84 % Runway alignment max 7.45 m left7.45 m left to 0.00 m left 2.26 7.45 m
61 % Average g force 0.48 g0.02 g min to max 1.02 g 0.87 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °3.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.8 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.1 1.5 °
Departure Climb 1 98.08Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.5 ° min to max -0.6 ° -1.3 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 66 kt58 kt min to max 71 kt 58 71 kt
98 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.9 ° 1.7 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.93 g min to max 1.20 g 1.01 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 492 fpm332 fpm min to max 640 fpm 332 640 fpm
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 40 ft agl 0 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °7.1 ° min to max 9.9 ° 7.1 9.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 73 kt71 kt min to max 74 kt 71 74 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 1.0 5.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 0.94 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 728 fpm645 fpm min to max 804 fpm 645 804 fpm
Info Average altitude 59 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 78 ft agl 40 78 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.8 °9.7 ° min to max 9.9 ° 9.8 9.9 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 57 ft agl · 77 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 23 EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde. Distance was less than 1 nm in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kt74 kt min to max 87 kt 74 87 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.1 ° min to max 23.1 ° 5.0 21.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.85 g min to max 1.17 g 0.96 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,074 fpm752 fpm min to max 1,668 fpm 808 830 fpm
Info Average altitude 395 ft agl79 ft agl min to max 849 ft agl 79 849 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.2 °7.0 ° min to max 14.3 ° 9.9 7.0 °
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 23 EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde. Distance was less than 1 nm in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.6 °-14.7 ° min to max 14.2 ° 14.2 -14.7 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt88 kt min to max 108 kt 88 108 kt
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.81 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 443 fpm-5 fpm min to max 961 fpm 756 219 fpm
Info Average altitude 960 ft agl863 ft agl min to max 1,005 ft agl 863 1,005 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 9.8 °0.6 ° min to max 20.3 ° 19.4 20.3 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °1.3 ° min to max 7.8 ° 6.6 2.8 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 100.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 104.8 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 112 kt108 kt min to max 116 kt 108 116 kt
100 % Average bank angle 20.2 °18.0 ° min to max 22.7 ° 20.8 18.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 191 fpm72 fpm min to max 265 fpm 244 98 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,040 ft agl1,009 ft agl min to max 1,060 ft agl 1,009 1,060 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.4 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.7 1.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,056 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 1,057 ft agl · 118 kt
Pattern Downwind 98.65Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Heading 5.7 °-18.4 ° min to max 15.7 ° 15.7 -18.4 °
100 % Average altitude 999 ft agl804 ft agl min to max 1,129 ft agl 1,065 804 ft agl
100 % Average speed 99 kt95 kt min to max 115 kt 115 98 kt
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.82 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -469 fpm-1,072 fpm min to max 632 fpm 275 -731 fpm
Info Average bank angle 6.7 °0.6 ° min to max 11.6 ° 5.9 10.1 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-3.9 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.0 -2.1 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 100.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 58.7 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 58.7 °.
100 % Average speed 93 kt88 kt min to max 98 kt 98 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.8 °4.0 ° min to max 14.1 ° 9.9 14.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.89 g min to max 1.00 g 0.96 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -459 fpm-726 fpm min to max -154 fpm -726 -424 fpm
Info Average altitude 631 ft agl519 ft agl min to max 792 ft agl 792 519 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-2.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° -2.0 -2.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 645 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 559 ft agl · 93 kt
Pattern Base Leg 100.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 11 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.0 °-17.6 ° min to max 16.1 ° 16.1 -17.6 °
100 % Average speed 92 kt89 kt min to max 93 kt 89 93 kt
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.93 g min to max 1.01 g 0.93 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -638 fpm-734 fpm min to max -487 fpm -487 -552 fpm
Info Average altitude 441 ft agl381 ft agl min to max 501 ft agl 501 381 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 17.3 °15.3 ° min to max 19.8 ° 15.3 19.8 °
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-3.8 ° min to max -2.3 ° -2.8 -2.3 °
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kt81 kt min to max 93 kt 93 81 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.2 °0.2 ° min to max 21.5 ° 20.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.88 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 0.89 g
Info Average VSI -501 fpm-629 fpm min to max -225 fpm -522 -304 fpm
Info Average altitude 244 ft agl135 ft agl min to max 373 ft agl 373 135 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-3.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.2 -1.5 °
Arrival Landing 99.98Landing on runway 23 at EHGG Groningen Airport Eelde, runway length 2,490 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 78 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 78 kt. Target 73 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 659 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.59 m right0.74 m left to 3.59 m right -3.59 0.28 m
99.8 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.88 g min to max 1.15 g 0.93 0.93 g
Info Average speed 65 kt45 kt min to max 78 kt 78 45 kt
Info Average VSI -166 fpm-573 fpm min to max 7 fpm -564 -40 fpm
Info Average altitude 3 ft agl-7 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 -7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-2.2 ° min to max 7.6 ° -2.2 7.3 °
07515022530037545052560067575001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.31Touchdown point was 220 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 45 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -60 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -60 fpm.
78 % Touchdown distance was 659 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 45 ktTarget below 72 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.28 m left0.13 m left 0.28 -0.08 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.6 °
73 % Average g force 0.71 g0.27 g min to max 0.93 g 0.93 0.27 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kt44 kt min to max 45 kt 45 44 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °7.3 ° min to max 8.0 ° 7.3 8.0 °
Arrival Rollout 97.12Total landing distance 935 m, 38 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 935 m38 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.58 m right1.04 m left to 2.58 m right -2.58 0.97 m
71 % Average g force 0.48 g0.28 g min to max 0.73 g 0.28 0.73 g
Info Average speed 47 kt32 kt min to max 51 kt 51 32 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °3.9 ° min to max 8.6 ° 8.1 4.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 9 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kt0 kt min to max 50 kt 25 50 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.3 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.0 3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.93 g0.46 g min to max 1.09 g 0.91 0.46 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 42 kt, 29 kt below the 71 kt target, and lifted off at 57 kt 2.6 s later, the nose coming up at 0.7° a second.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.

90 kt6030020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 716.3° off · 0.7°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH010 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation began

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 7 kt 3.8° 0 s
Rotate100 m · target 71 42 kt 4.3° 4.7 s
Liftoff178 m · +15 kt from rotation 57 kt 6.3° 7.3 s
35 ft405 m · 6.1 s after liftoff 71 kt 9.8° 13.4 s
End of the climb545 m · 78 ft 74 kt 9.9° 16.9 s

Takeoff from EHGG 23

Takeoff roll100.00
319m13 %
Rotation speed24.12
42kttarget 71, 29 slow
Liftoff speed
57kt
Runway alignment84.39
7.45m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.08
492fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 78 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,958 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 42 kttarget 71Liftoff 57 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,490 m runway.

Rolled from 127 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 6.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.8 m left. Airborne 12 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 6.63 m LROLL 127 M INAirborne 305 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 305 m of 2,490 m · 12 %
Behind the start of the roll, 127 mTakeoff roll, 178 m Left ahead, 2,185 m

The circuit to EHGG 23

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 99 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft23°123°214°322°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
770 ft before the runway end
Bank
23°
Speed
85 kt

Early: turned crosswind before the end of the runway, at 770 ft.

Upwind (departure). Climb straight ahead on the extended centreline. Don't turn early. A curved departure leg makes every subsequent leg unrepeatable.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
23°
Height
999 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
99 kt
Out
1.3 nm 1 suits 99 kt

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

3Base turn
Angle
59° target 45°
Bank
14°
Height
782 ft

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

4Final turn
Bank
22°
Overshoot
10 m none
Speed
90 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind100Turn onto downwind100Downwind99Base turn100Base100Final turn100

The approach to EHGG 23

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 20 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND207
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 251 m left of the centreline at 0.8 nm, then inside the band from 0.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND6 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 37 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm (up to +20 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 73+16 kt+5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EHGG 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
41ft
Threshold speed100.00
78kttarget 73, 5 fast
Centreline offset100.00
3.59m R

Touchdown

Past threshold77.89
659m
Centreline100.00
0.28m L
Speed100.00
45kttarget 72 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-60fpm
Impact72.57
0.93G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 659 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 53 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 291 mtouchdown302 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 41 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 27 ft. Touched down 659 m in, 355 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

41 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 27 ft · −464 fpm · −0.6° · 77 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −18 fpm · 6.9°−60 fpm · 7.3° nose up · 45 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 41 ft, down at 659 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 460 fpm at the flare to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−60 fpm at touchdown7.3° at touchdown, +7.9° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,490 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.2 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 659 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 659 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 0.93 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 918 m of 2,490 m · 37 %
In the air over the runway, 659 mRollout, 258 m Left over, 1,572 m
Rollout distance100.00
258m37 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.58m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from Groningen Airport Eelde, the Piper PA-24-250 Comanche began its takeoff roll on runway 23, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 58 kt in a distance of 322 meters, which accounted for 13% of the available runway length. The local weather conditions were favorable, with a temperature of 15 °C and a gentle wind of 1 kt from 270°, resulting in a negligible crosswind and headwind component.

As the aircraft entered the left-hand traffic pattern, it demonstrated a swift and efficient turn, completing the maneuver in less than 1 nm in 40 seconds. The subsequent downwind turn, with an angle of 105.7° to the runway, was executed in 1 nm, while the downwind leg itself covered a distance of 2 nm in 60 seconds. The base leg turn, with an angle of 12.2° to the runway, was completed in 1 nm, setting the aircraft up for a final approach from the north-east, heading 231.0° at 0 nm and 143 ft above ground level. The landing was executed with precision, with a touchdown speed of 45 kt and a touchdown rate of -40 fpm, resulting in a touchdown point 222 meters beyond the touchdown zone.

The total landing distance of 938 meters, which accounted for 38% of the available runway length, was well within acceptable limits. The runway rollout alignment was perfect, and the aircraft used a total of 3 kg of fuel for the entire flight, which covered a distance of 5 nm. The flight's performance was a testament to the aircraft's capabilities and the pilot's skill, with a smooth and efficient execution of all phases of flight.

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