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CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

90.22 %
CYKF
Kitchener, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation1,030 ft asl
Weight993 kg
Fuel72 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn
3 Apr 2024 0:08 9 nm Cessna Skyhawk 4 kg
Departure Score
90.99 %
Enroute Score
98.90 %
Arrival Score
76.93 %

What went well

Touched down at -141 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 490 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 28 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.35 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 6.8 ° at 25 %, −1.54 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on, then strobe light off should be on; Runway alignment max 13.35 m at 62 %, Liftoff speed was 73 kn at 87 %, −1.34 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.

Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 17 kn10 kn min to max 24 kn 10 24 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.99 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.5 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Departure Roll 79.96Departure roll runway 26 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo. Takeoff distance 52 m 2 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 73 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 52 m2 % of runway
87 % Liftoff speed was 73 knTarget 62 kn
62 % Runway alignment max 13.35 m13.35 m left to 0.00 m left 2.30 13.35 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.5 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.2 2.4 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 96.63Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.0 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 75 kn73 kn min to max 76 kn 73 75 kn
90 % Average bank angle 4.7 °2.6 ° min to max 5.6 ° 2.6 5.6 °
90 % Average g force 1.15 g0.84 g min to max 1.42 g 1.04 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 821 ft/m425 ft/m min to max 997 ft/m 425 994 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 0 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °1.4 ° min to max 11.4 ° 1.4 7.8 °
Departure Climb 2 95.05Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.7 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn62 kn min to max 83 kn 75 70 kn
89 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 6.3 ° 5.6 1.3 °
79 % Average g force 0.97 g0.69 g min to max 1.62 g 0.88 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 518 ft/m-98 ft/m min to max 2,437 ft/m 992 1,070 ft/m
Info Average altitude 97 ft agl44 ft agl min to max 376 ft agl 44 376 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °-1.3 ° min to max 20.4 ° 7.8 11.3 °
Departure Climb 3 93.33Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Heading variation -3.3 °-5.3 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.4 -5.3 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn58 kn min to max 76 kn 69 72 kn
93 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 1.1 3.2 °
92 % Average g force 1.00 g0.74 g min to max 1.39 g 1.04 1.03 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 871 ft/m-754 ft/m min to max 1,695 ft/m 1,264 975 ft/m
Info Average altitude 695 ft agl399 ft agl min to max 975 ft agl 399 975 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.9 °-3.5 ° min to max 15.3 ° 12.2 7.6 °
Enroute Climb 99.66Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,057 ft asl to 3,845 ft asl, an increase of 1,788 ft in 3 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kn58 kn min to max 87 kn 72 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.3 ° min to max 28.3 ° 3.6 28.3 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.31 g 1.02 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 752 ft/m-924 ft/m min to max 1,981 ft/m 1,122 1,430 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,920 ft asl2,057 ft asl min to max 3,845 ft asl 2,057 3,845 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °-8.6 ° min to max 14.5 ° 8.6 8.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,490 ft agl · 72 kt
Enroute Level 98.26Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,902 ft asl3,698 ft asl min to max 4,102 ft asl 3,868 3,901 ft asl
100 % Average speed 99 kn79 kn min to max 121 kn 81 104 kn
98 % Average bank angle 18.9 °0.2 ° min to max 41.2 ° 28.9 6.7 °
92 % Average g force 1.06 g0.78 g min to max 1.39 g 1.08 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-10.5 ° min to max 8.7 ° 8.1 -5.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,780 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,780 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,844 ft agl · 110 kt
Enroute Descent 98.80Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 3,887 ft asl to 2,866 ft asl, a decrease of 1,021 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kn85 kn min to max 109 kn 106 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.7 °0.2 ° min to max 29.7 ° 6.9 1.6 °
88 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.46 g 0.98 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,065 ft/m-2,129 ft/m min to max 863 ft/m -830 -2,094 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,552 ft asl2,866 ft asl min to max 3,887 ft asl 3,887 2,866 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-11.7 ° min to max 3.6 ° -5.9 -10.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2,443 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,304 ft agl · 98 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 2 miles east of Kitchener (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kn94 kn min to max 101 kn 100 94 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.1 ° min to max 6.5 ° 1.6 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,524 ft/m-2,046 ft/m min to max -944 ft/m -2,046 -944 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,498 ft asl2,187 ft asl min to max 2,833 ft asl 2,833 2,187 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.5 °-10.0 ° min to max -4.1 ° -10.0 -4.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 76.85Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,140 ft agl to 759 ft agl. A decrease of 381 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
25 % Approach angle 6.8 °6.6 ° min to max 7.1 °Target 3.0 ° 7.0 7.1 °
100 % Average speed 94 kn92 kn min to max 96 kn 93 93 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.1 ° 4.1 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.21 g 0.95 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,226 ft/m-1,860 ft/m min to max -665 ft/m -990 -741 ft/m
Info Average altitude 931 ft agl759 ft agl min to max 1,140 ft agl 1,140 759 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.5 °-10.2 ° min to max -3.0 ° -5.5 -5.1 °
11.251.51.7527007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 80.00Approaching runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 745 ft agl to 122 ft agl. A decrease of 623 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 7.5 °6.5 ° min to max 8.3 °Target 3.0 ° 7.2 6.5 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn72 kn min to max 93 kn 93 72 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.85 g min to max 1.22 g 0.99 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -1,104 ft/m-1,622 ft/m min to max -622 ft/m -791 -1,049 ft/m
Info Average altitude 462 ft agl122 ft agl min to max 745 ft agl 745 122 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -6.8 °-10.6 ° min to max -3.2 ° -4.9 -7.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 692 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 639 ft agl · 94 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 49.71Landing on runway 08 at CYKF Kitchener\/Waterloo, runway length 2,124 m. Threshold height at 100 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was well above target at 72 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Threshold speed was well above target at 72 kn. Target 63 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.1 0.7 °
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.83 g min to max 1.26 g 0.96 0.83 g
Info Average speed 62 kn51 kn min to max 72 kn 72 51 kn
Info Average VSI -495 ft/m-1,211 ft/m min to max -57 ft/m -1,145 -129 ft/m
Info Average altitude 29 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 100 ft agl 100 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-7.9 ° min to max 3.6 ° -7.6 -0.5 °
075150225300375450525020406080100Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 94.19Touchdown distance was good at 481 m. Touchdown speed at 51 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -129 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 9.6 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Touchdown VSI was -129 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 481 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 51 knTarget 53 kn
76 % Runway alignment max 9.61 m9.50 m left 9.35 9.61 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.0 °
97 % Average g force 1.12 g0.83 g min to max 1.30 g 0.83 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 49 kn47 kn min to max 51 kn 51 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.5 1.0 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Arrival Rollout 83.92Total landing distance 611 m, 29 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 12.9 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 611 m29 % of runway.
64 % Runway alignment max 12.85 m12.85 m left to 0.00 m left 9.63 12.85 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 49 kn31 kn min to max 56 kn 56 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.1 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 44 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 39 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 6 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn5 kn min to max 28 kn 28 5 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 73 kt with 1.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030025°13°0°LIFTOFF1.4° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 16 kt 0.5° 0 s
Liftoff533 m 73 kt 1.4° 17.9 s
35 ft663 m · 3.1 s after liftoff 75 kt 8.0° 21.0 s
End of Climb 33,191 m · 975 ft 72 kt 7.6° 88 s

Takeoff from CYKF 26

Takeoff roll100.00
774m36 %
Liftoff speed87.34
73kt
Runway alignment62.46
13.35m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.63
820fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 975 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,218 m of runway left; then climbing at 840 fpm on average to 975 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 73 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,124 m runway.

Rolled from 243 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 13 m at the widest, and lifted off 14 m left. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 13.49 m LROLL 243 M INAirborne 776 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 776 m of 2,124 m · 37 %
Behind the start of the roll, 243 mTakeoff roll, 533 m Left ahead, 1,348 m

The approach to CYKF 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 3.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 1,630 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,6221,6311,201825567
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 470 m left of the centreline at 3.1 nm, then inside the band from 1.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND408 m L138 m L22 m L18 m L7 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYKF 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.47
99ft
Threshold speed98.50
71kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.10m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
490m
Centreline76.08
9.61m L
Speed100.00
50kt
Touchdown rate91.69
-141fpm
Impact97.14
1.30G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 60 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 7 s, an average deceleration of 0.25 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 2 m30 kt · 146 mtouchdown152 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 99 ft, 49 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 490 m in, 185 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

99 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −128 fpm · −0.5° nose down · 51 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 99 ft, down at 490 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 1,140 fpm at 102 ft to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,250−2,500−8°1°10°touchdown−128 fpm at touchdown−0.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,124 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 9.6 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 490 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 490 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 601 m of 2,124 m · 28 %
In the air over the runway, 490 mRollout, 112 m Left over, 1,523 m
Rollout distance100.00
112m28 % used
Rollout alignment64.27
12.85m L

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