Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Maintain the centreline
See Departure Roll
A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 71 kt with 3.6° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 997 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 607 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,090 fpm on average to 997 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,230 m runway.
Rolled from 156 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 4.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.9 m left. Airborne 29 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.
At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 1.0 to 0.3 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 3.0 nm, where the final began, to 1.7 nm (up to 1,250 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 665 m right of the centreline at 3.0 nm, then drifted 139 m left between 2.3 and 1.4 nm, then back inside it from 1.4 to 0.3 nm, then 14 m left of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 3.0 nm, where the final began, to 1.3 nm (up to +57 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
6 kt across from the right, which takes about 7° of crab to hold the centreline at 49 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 020° at 8 kt · 5 kt tail · 6 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 61 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 16 s, an average deceleration of 0.11 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 11 ft, 39 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 137 m in, 167 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink stayed between 150 fpm and 220 fpm from 12 ft to the runway. The nose went down 1.1° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,990 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 11 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 11 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 137 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 0.92 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, where the aircraft, a Piper PA-24-250 Comanche, took off with a takeoff distance of 372 meters, which was 30% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 71 knots. At the time of departure, the local weather conditions were a temperature of 2 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 3 knots at 84 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 3 knots and a headwind of 0 knots.
As the aircraft climbed, it started its enroute climb overhead Florstadt, Hessen, Germany, at an altitude of 1,709 feet above sea level. The climb was steep, with an increase of 1,829 feet in just 3 minutes, covering a distance of 5 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and entered a cruise phase, flying 1 mile east of Karben, Hessen, Germany, for 3 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nautical miles.
As the aircraft approached its destination, it began its descent overhead Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany, from an altitude of 3,401 feet above sea level to 1,838 feet above sea level, a decrease of 1,563 feet in just 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport was made from the east, heading 254.0 degrees at 2 nautical miles and 1,481 feet above ground level.
The landing on runway 25C was successful, with a touchdown distance of 133 meters, which was good. The touchdown speed was 49 knots, also good, but the touchdown rate was fair at -234 feet per minute. However, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 11.5 meters from the centreline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 3 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots at 20 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 6 knots and a tailwind of 5 knots.
The total landing distance was 495 meters, which was 12% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.7 meters from the centreline. The total flight distance was 21 nautical miles, taking 11 minutes, and the aircraft used 7 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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