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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Start bringing the nose up as the speed reaches 86 kt, not after it.
What happened: You started the rotation at 101 kt, 15 kt past the 86 kt rotation speed.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 86 kt at rotation
See Departure Roll
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 101 kt, 15 kt above the 86 kt target, and lifted off at 107 kt 1.8 s later, the nose coming up at 1.5° a second. Climb 3 averaged 139 kt, 12 kt over its 127 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 696 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 880 m of runway left; gear up at 30 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,240 fpm on average to 696 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,287 m runway.
Rolled from 415 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 4.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.5 m left. Airborne 50 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 0.9 nm, where the final began, to 0.2 nm (up to 370 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 439 m left of the centreline at 0.9 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +4 kt and +8 kt on the approach speed of 88 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 85 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 16 s, an average deceleration of 0.19 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,148 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 366 m in, 61 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,148 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 800 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.4° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,148 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 14 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 366 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Pilatus PC-12 taxied from the parking area to runway 23 at KCLT Charlotte Douglas International Airport; the taxi-out required 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 23 at KCLT. Takeoff distance was 1,186 m, representing 52 % of the runway, and liftoff speed was 107 kt. Local weather reported a temperature of 29 °C, wind 4 kt from 290°, giving a 2 kt headwind and a 4 kt crosswind.
Climb began overhead KCLT, climbing from 1,461 ft asl to 3,342 ft asl, an increase of 1,880 ft in 1 minutes while covering 4 nm.
Level cruise started 3 miles south of KCLT and lasted 3 minutes, covering 11 nm.
Descent commenced 2 miles west of Charlotte, descending from 3,420 ft asl to 2,576 ft asl, a loss of 843 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
A second level cruise began 2 miles north of KCLT, lasting 3 minutes and covering 9 nm.
Descent resumed 1 mile east of KAKH Gastonia Municipal Airport, dropping from 3,000 ft asl to 929 ft asl, a decrease of 2,071 ft in 2 minutes while covering 6 nm.
Final approach to runway 03 at KAKH was executed, descending from 670 ft agl to 58 ft agl in 31 seconds; the aircraft scored on the stabilisation gates.
Landing on runway 03 at KAKH, whose length is 1,148 m, occurred with a threshold speed slightly above target at 92 kt. Touchdown distance was 367 m, touchdown speed 82 kt, and touchdown rate minus 83 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect and local temperature was 24 °C.
Total landing distance was 764 m, representing 67 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area; the taxi-in took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 40 nm, took 15, and used 63 kg of fuel.
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