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LECO
Culleredo, Spain
Runway 21
Elevation299 ft asl
Weight9,465 kg
Fuel1,093 kg
Wind150° · 12 kn · 10 kn cross

Flight Score

97.79 %
LEST
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Runway 17
Elevation1,184 ft asl
Weight9,406 kg
Fuel1,026 kg
Wind150° · 8 kn · 2 kn cross
28 Nov 2024 0:20 25 nm Douglas DC-3 68 kg
Departure Score
95.74 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.63 %

What went well

Touched down at -70 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 421 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 36 ft and 72 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, g force 0.97 to 2.03 g at 85 %, −0.77 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 9.45 m at 77 %, −0.44 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 11.1 ° at 76 %, −0.32 points

Next time

Keep the taxi smooth

See Departure Taxi

Turn speed is limited by lateral load on the tyres and the people in the back, and lateral acceleration goes with the square of speed. On an illustrative 25 m turn radius, 10 kt produces about 0.11 g of side load, while 20 kt produces about 0.43 g. Doubling the speed quadruples the load. That square law is the entire content of the "10 knots in turns" rule, and it tells you why a slightly-too-fast turn feels fine and a moderately-too-fast one throws the cabin crew across the galley.

Read more in How to Taxi Anywhere

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 88.49Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kn0 kn min to max 12 kn 0 5 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 7 kn 0 0 kn
85 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 2.03 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °11.5 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.8 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 9 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 21 at LECO A Coruña Airport, Average speed was 23 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kn0 kn min to max 40 kn 6 40 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °11.3 ° min to max 12.2 ° 11.9 11.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.97 g0.93 g min to max 1.00 g 0.98 0.95 g

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Roll 97.80Departure roll runway 21 at LECO A Coruña Airport. Takeoff distance 393 m 18 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 77 kn. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 13 kn at 150 °. Crosswind: 11 kn Headwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 393 m18 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 77 knTarget 80 kn
89 % Runway alignment max 10.43 m6.07 m left to 4.36 m right 5.44 -4.36 m
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.94 g min to max 1.01 g 0.95 1.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °4.2 ° min to max 11.2 ° 11.2 7.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Departure Climb 1 98.72Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LECO A Coruña Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.4 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.4 1.5 °
100 % Average speed 83 kn78 kn min to max 87 kn 78 87 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 399 ft/m169 ft/m min to max 556 ft/m 169 556 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 0 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °7.0 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.0 9.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 53 ft agl · 90 kt
Departure Climb 2 98.46Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LECO A Coruña Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation 1.6 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.5 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn87 kn min to max 99 kn 87 99 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 641 ft/m490 ft/m min to max 1,069 ft/m 558 1,069 ft/m
Info Average altitude 111 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 49 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.3 °8.1 ° min to max 10.8 ° 9.4 10.8 °
Departure Climb 3 95.24Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 LECO A Coruña Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.1 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.5 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 109 kn93 kn min to max 130 kn 98 130 kn
76 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 11.0 ° 1.5 11.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.76 g min to max 1.32 g 1.02 1.04 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 678 ft/m-280 ft/m min to max 1,409 ft/m 1,139 1,209 ft/m
Info Average altitude 688 ft agl403 ft agl min to max 865 ft agl 403 865 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 12.0 ° 11.1 7.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 456 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 477 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 499 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 499 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 705 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 722 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 722 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 761 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 761 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 768 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 768 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 762 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 762 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 766 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 766 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 676 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 676 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 706 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 706 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 761 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 761 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 759 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 759 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 766 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 766 ft agl · 134 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Culleredo (Galicia, Spain). Climbing from 1,230 ft asl to 3,497 ft asl, an increase of 2,267 ft in 4 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kn101 kn min to max 150 kn 128 150 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.2 ° 13.2 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.32 g 1.12 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 599 ft/m-1,502 ft/m min to max 1,841 ft/m 1,311 -138 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,116 ft asl1,230 ft asl min to max 3,497 ft asl 1,230 3,497 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °-0.7 ° min to max 14.5 ° 6.9 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,144 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,144 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,159 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,159 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,156 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,156 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,166 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,166 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,164 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,164 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,323 ft agl · 135 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 2,323 ft agl · 135 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north of Ordes (Galicia, Spain). Descent from 3,488 ft asl to 2,802 ft asl, a decrease of 686 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 158 kn150 kn min to max 166 kn 150 166 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.0 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -335 ft/m-927 ft/m min to max -88 ft/m -198 -927 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,264 ft asl2,802 ft asl min to max 3,494 ft asl 3,488 2,802 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.9 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,159 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,159 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,273 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 2,273 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,283 ft agl · 173 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,283 ft agl · 173 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Ordes (Galicia, Spain) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,456 ft asl2,372 ft asl min to max 2,724 ft asl 2,724 2,451 ft asl
100 % Average speed 123 kn91 kn min to max 172 kn 168 94 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 1.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.25 g 1.02 0.85 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-3.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° -2.2 2.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,710 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,710 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,561 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,571 ft agl · 101 kt
Arrival Final 4 94.03Approaching runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,264 ft agl to 1,116 ft agl. A decrease of 148 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Approach angle 3.6 °3.5 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 3.5 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn86 kn min to max 93 kn 93 87 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
92 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.1 ° min to max 6.1 ° 1.6 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.08 g 0.89 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -414 ft/m-889 ft/m min to max -111 ft/m -248 -828 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,207 ft agl1,116 ft agl min to max 1,264 ft agl 1,264 1,116 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-3.2 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.5 -3.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,698 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,698 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,698 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,607 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,582 ft agl · 95 kt
33.253.53.7541,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 99.87Approaching runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,100 ft agl to 531 ft agl. A decrease of 569 ft in 42 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.5 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 2.6 °
100 % Average speed 90 kn83 kn min to max 96 kn 88 83 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.8 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.1 2.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.09 g 0.92 0.94 g
Info Average VSI -806 ft/m-1,234 ft/m min to max -148 ft/m -949 -207 ft/m
Info Average altitude 759 ft agl531 ft agl min to max 1,100 ft agl 1,100 531 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-5.1 ° min to max 2.5 ° -4.0 2.0 °
22.252.52.7534505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 526 ft agl to 273 ft agl. A decrease of 253 ft in 48 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.7 °2.6 ° min to max 2.8 °Target 3.0 ° 2.6 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 77 kn74 kn min to max 83 kn 83 74 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -305 ft/m-536 ft/m min to max 22 ft/m -288 -249 ft/m
Info Average altitude 411 ft agl273 ft agl min to max 526 ft agl 526 273 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.6 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.5 3.9 °
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 270 ft agl to 28 ft agl. A decrease of 241 ft in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.6 °2.3 ° min to max 2.8 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 2.3 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn73 kn min to max 79 kn 74 73 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 0.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -360 ft/m-573 ft/m min to max -32 ft/m -222 -428 ft/m
Info Average altitude 77 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 270 ft agl 270 28 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °0.6 ° min to max 6.6 ° 3.8 5.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport, runway length 2,936 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 73 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 73 kn. Target 80 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.09 0.97 g
Info Average speed 67 kn61 kn min to max 73 kn 73 61 kn
Info Average VSI -137 ft/m-419 ft/m min to max -18 ft/m -419 -70 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl9 ft agl min to max 36 ft agl 36 9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °5.1 ° min to max 9.5 ° 5.1 9.2 °
07515022530037545001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.64Touchdown distance was good at 421 m. Touchdown speed at 61 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -70 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 17 °C. Wind 8 kn at 150 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 8 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -70 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 421 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 61 knTarget 75 kn
84 % Runway alignment max 7.36 m7.21 m left 7.10 7.36 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 0.97 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 61 kn60 kn min to max 61 kn 61 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °9.2 ° min to max 10.4 ° 9.2 10.4 °
Arrival Rollout 89.51Total landing distance 985 m, 34 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.4 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 985 m34 % of runway.
77 % Runway alignment max 9.45 m9.45 m left to 0.00 m left 7.39 4.60 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average speed 48 kn30 kn min to max 54 kn 54 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °8.2 ° min to max 12.2 ° 10.4 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 10 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 9 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 9 ft agl · 49 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 38 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 23 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kn11 kn min to max 29 kn 29 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °11.8 ° min to max 12.0 ° 11.8 11.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.98 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 34 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 9 ft agl · 10 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kn3 kn min to max 11 kn 11 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 knmax 6 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.97 g min to max 0.99 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °11.7 ° min to max 12.0 ° 12.0 12.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 77 kt with 7.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.0° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 44 kt 11.2° 0 s
Liftoff386 m 77 kt 7.0° 12.7 s
35 ft672 m · 6.9 s after liftoff 86 kt 9.4° 19.7 s
End of Climb 34,259 m · 865 ft 130 kt 7.1° 90 s

Takeoff from LECO 21

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
393m18 %
Liftoff speed100.00
77kt
Runway alignment89.00
6.07m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.72
398fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 865 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,430 m of runway left; then climbing at 670 fpm on average to 865 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 77 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,187 m runway.

Rolled from 85 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 6.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.1 m right, in 10 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 21 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS10 kn75 %widest 6.08 m LROLL 85 M INAirborne 471 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 471 m of 2,187 m · 22 %
Behind the start of the roll, 85 mTakeoff roll, 386 m Left ahead, 1,716 m

The approach to LEST 17

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 200 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2651,207573477329194
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 252 m left at 4.0 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND252 m L4 m L62 m L34 m L27 m L18 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LEST 17

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
36ft
Threshold speed100.00
72kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.05m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
421m
Centreline84.28
7.36m L
Speed100.00
61kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-70fpm
Impact100.00
1.10G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 150° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 55 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 27 s, an average deceleration of 0.05 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 580 mtouchdown604 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 36 ft, 14 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 421 m in, 117 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

36 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −69 fpm · 9.2° nose up · 61 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 36 ft, down at 421 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 380 fpm at 34 ft to 70 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−69 fpm at touchdown9.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,936 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7.4 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 9.4 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 421 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 421 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 968 m of 2,936 m · 33 %
In the air over the runway, 421 mRollout, 547 m Left over, 1,968 m
Rollout distance100.00
547m33 % used
Rollout alignment76.68
9.45m L

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Flight narrative

The flight in the Douglas DC-3 started with a 6-minute taxi from the parking area to the runway at LECO A Coruña Airport. The departure roll on runway 21 covered a distance of 393 meters, which was 18% of the total runway length. The liftoff speed was 77 knots, with a local weather report indicating a temperature of 21 °C and winds at 13 knots coming from 150°, resulting in a crosswind of 11 knots and a headwind of 6 knots.

The enroute climb began overhead Culleredo in Galicia, Spain, climbing from 1,230 feet above sea level to 3,497 feet above sea level. This climb covered a distance of 8 nautical miles and took 4 minutes. The enroute descent started 3 miles north of Ordes, descending from 3,488 feet to 2,802 feet in 2 minutes, covering 5 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Ordes, lasting 2 minutes and covering 5 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport was from the north, heading 166.0° at 3 nautical miles and 1,264 feet above ground level. The landing on runway 17 at LEST Santiago-Rosalía de Castro Airport, which has a runway length of 2,936 meters, had a good threshold height and a slightly below target threshold speed of 73 knots. The touchdown distance was good at 421 meters, with a touchdown speed of 61 knots and an excellent touchdown rate of -70 feet per minute. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.4 meters from the centerline. The local weather at the time of landing was 17 °C, with winds at 8 knots coming from 150°, resulting in a crosswind of 2 knots and a headwind of 8 knots. The total landing distance was 985 meters, which was 34% of the total runway length. The runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.4 meters from the centerline.

After landing, the taxiing to the parking area from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 25 nautical miles, taking 20 minutes, and the flight used 68 kilograms of fuel.

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