Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft agl instead of 62 ft agl.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 62 ft agl against a 50 ft agl target, well above the normal profile. The touchdown point was also long at 584 m against a 457 m target, a pattern often seen after high threshold crossings.
Watch for: Radio altimeter against the 50 ft threshold crossing target on short final.
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 72 kt, on the 70 kt target, and lifted off at 75 kt 0.6 s later, the nose coming up at 1.1° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 585 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,203 m of runway left; then climbing at 880 fpm on average to 585 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 2,490 m runway.
Rolled from 811 m in, never more than 0.7 m off the centreline. Airborne 34 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 100 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Off heading: 11° from the leg's heading on average.
Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.0 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 80 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 36 m right of the centreline at 1.0 nm, then inside the band from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +11 kt on the approach speed of 71 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 62 ft, 12 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 18 ft. Touched down 584 m in, 279 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 280 fpm at the flare to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,490 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.5 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 584 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
Departure from Groningen Airport Eelde, EHGG, commenced with a roll on runway 23. The aircraft, a Sierra C24R, accelerated down the 2,492-meter runway, covering a takeoff distance of 916 meters, which represented 37% of the available runway length. Liftoff occurred at a speed of 76 knots, as the aircraft transitioned from the ground to the air. The local weather conditions at the time of departure featured a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a gentle wind of 2 knots from a direction of 268 degrees, resulting in a negligible crosswind component of 1 knot and a headwind of 2 knots.
As the aircraft entered the traffic pattern, it proceeded to the left, aligning itself with the runway for a left-hand pattern entry. The distance covered during this maneuver was less than 1 nautical mile in 18 seconds. The subsequent left-hand pattern crosswind leg was completed in 24 seconds, with the aircraft maintaining a stable heading. The pattern downwind turn, executed at an angle of 80.9 degrees to the runway, covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The downwind leg itself spanned 2 nautical miles in 55 seconds. The base leg turn, with an angle of 61.5 degrees to the runway, was followed by a base leg of less than 1 nautical mile in 41 seconds. The final turn, completed in 27 seconds, set the aircraft up for a final approach to runway 23 from the north-east, at a heading of 231.0 degrees and an altitude of 253 feet above ground level.
The aircraft touched down on the runway 145 meters beyond the touchdown zone, at a speed of 53 knots, which was within the target range. The touchdown rate of -10 feet per minute was also satisfactory. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the runway rollout alignment was similarly satisfactory. The total landing distance covered was 825 meters, representing 33% of the available runway length. The aircraft used 3 kilograms of fuel during the flight, which covered a total distance of 8 nautical miles, taking approximately 5 minutes to complete.
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