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6Y1
Pointe Aux Pins, United States
Runway 28
Elevation653 ft asl
Weight1,431 lbs
Fuel131 lbs
Wind340° · 8 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

95.05 %
KMCD
Mackinac Island, United States
Runway 08
Elevation728 ft asl
Weight1,425 lbs
Fuel125 lbs
Wind41° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross
12 Jun 2025 0:09 9 nm PA28 Warrior II 6 lbs
Departure Score
95.95 %
Enroute Score
99.80 %
Arrival Score
89.39 %

What went well

Touched down at -54 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,325 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.3 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −2.43 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 12.0 ° at 74 %, −0.73 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 5.3 ° at 38 %, −0.69 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.

Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Start to finish · 12 stages, 11 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 94.43Departure roll runway 28 at 6Y1 Bois Blanc. Takeoff distance 419 ft 12 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 63 kt. Local weather - Temperature 62 °F. Wind 8 kt at 339 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 419 ft12 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 63 ktTarget 65 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 12.6 ft0.0 ft left to 12.6 ft right -5.4 -12.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.8 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.8 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 6Y1 Bois Blanc.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 70 kt63 kt min to max 74 kt 63 74 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.0 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.02 g min to max 1.09 g 1.04 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 581 fpm368 fpm min to max 785 fpm 368 785 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 56 ft agl 2 56 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °2.3 ° min to max 7.6 ° 2.3 7.6 °
Departure Climb 2 93.41Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 6Y1 Bois Blanc.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.3 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 75 kt74 kt min to max 78 kt 74 78 kt
74 % Average bank angle 4.0 °1.4 ° min to max 12.0 ° 1.4 12.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 956 fpm796 fpm min to max 1,055 fpm 796 870 fpm
Info Average altitude 91 ft agl57 ft agl min to max 202 ft agl 57 202 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.8 °5.6 ° min to max 8.2 ° 7.6 5.6 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead 6Y1 Bois Blanc Pointe Aux Pins (Michigan, United States). Climbing from 871 ft asl to 1,515 ft asl, an increase of 645 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kt77 kt min to max 90 kt 78 89 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° 12.8 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 566 fpm29 fpm min to max 1,266 fpm 846 592 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,264 ft asl871 ft asl min to max 1,515 ft asl 871 1,515 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.3 ° min to max 6.8 ° 5.3 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 798 ft agl · 84 kt
Enroute Level 99.61Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of 6Y1 Bois Blanc Pointe Aux Pins (Michigan, United States) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average altitude 1,701 ft asl1,067 ft asl min to max 1,931 ft asl 1,525 1,067 ft asl
100 % Average speed 94 kt67 kt min to max 101 kt 88 68 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 15.4 ° 1.7 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-6.7 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 -5.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 952 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 932 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 748 ft agl · 74 kt
Arrival Final 2 97.54Approaching runway 08 at KMCD Mackinac Island Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 328 ft agl to 304 ft agl. A decrease of 24 ft in 2 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Approach angle 5.9 °5.9 ° min to max 5.9 °Target 3.0 ° 5.9 5.9 °
100 % Average speed 68 kt68 kt min to max 68 kt 68 68 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.98 g min to max 0.98 g 0.98 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -695 fpm-715 fpm min to max -674 fpm -674 -715 fpm
Info Average altitude 316 ft agl304 ft agl min to max 328 ft agl 328 304 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.4 °-5.6 ° min to max -5.3 ° -5.6 -5.4 °
Arrival Final 1 87.57Approaching runway 08 at KMCD Mackinac Island Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 291 ft agl to 96 ft agl. A decrease of 195 ft in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Approach angle 5.3 °5.1 ° min to max 5.8 °Target 3.0 ° 5.8 5.1 °
100 % Average speed 66 kt65 kt min to max 68 kt 68 65 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -674 fpm-802 fpm min to max -575 fpm -740 -576 fpm
Info Average altitude 161 ft agl96 ft agl min to max 291 ft agl 291 96 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.2 °-5.7 ° min to max -4.9 ° -5.4 -5.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 56.20Landing on runway 08 at KMCD Mackinac Island Airport, runway length 3,491 ft. Threshold height at 89 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was good at 64 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 64 kt. Target 65 kt
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average speed 58 kt48 kt min to max 64 kt 64 48 kt
Info Average VSI -384 fpm-610 fpm min to max -51 fpm -576 -52 fpm
Info Average altitude 33 ft agl6 ft agl min to max 89 ft agl 89 6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-5.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° -5.0 2.6 °
02505007501,0001,2501,50001836537189Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,500-50-40-30-20-1001020304050Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 1,318 ft. Touchdown speed at 48 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -52 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 3 kt at 40 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -52 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,318 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 48 ktTarget below 61 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.4 ft0.3 ft right -0.1 -0.3 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.07 g 0.97 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 48 kt47 kt min to max 48 kt 48 47 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.6 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.6 3.0 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,821 ft, 52 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,821 ft52 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.8 ft1.8 ft left to 0.9 ft right -0.3 1.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average speed 43 kt34 kt min to max 45 kt 45 34 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °0.2 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.0 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.6 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 19 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kt13 kt min to max 30 kt 30 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° -0.8 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 28 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 23 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt9 kt min to max 14 kt 14 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.1 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.9 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 62 kt with 1.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF1.8° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH010 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 47 kt 0.8° 0 s
Liftoff332 ft 62 kt 1.8° 3.6 s
35 ft947 ft · 5.5 s after liftoff 72 kt 6.2° 9.1 s
End of the climb2,221 ft · 202 ft 78 kt 5.6° 19.9 s

Takeoff from 6Y1 28

Takeoff roll100.00
419ft12 %
Liftoff speed100.00
62kt
Runway alignment97.17
12.6ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
581fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 202 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,154 ft of runway left; then climbing at 740 fpm on average to 202 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 62 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 3,379 ft runway.

Rolled from 1,278 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 12 ft at the widest, and lifted off 12 ft right, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 47 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 12.0 ft RROLL 1,278 FT INAirborne 1,610 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,610 ft of 3,379 ft · 48 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,278 ftTakeoff roll, 332 ft Left ahead, 1,769 ft

The approach to KMCD 08

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 300 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND405
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 910 ft left of the centreline at 0.8 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND5 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −0 kt and +8 kt on the approach speed of 65 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 65+2 kt−0 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KMCD 08

Over the threshold

Threshold height24.80
88ft
Threshold speed100.00
64kttarget 65, 1 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,325ft
Centreline100.00
0.4ft R
Speed100.00
48kttarget 61 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-54fpm
Impact100.00
1.07G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 041° at 3 kt · 3 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 46 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 551 fttouchdown573 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 3,491 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 88 ft, 38 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,325 ft in, 325 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,491 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

88 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −52 fpm · 2.6° nose up · 48 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 88 ft, down at 1,325 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 710 fpm at 89 ft to 50 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−6°2°10°touchdown−52 fpm at touchdown2.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,491 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,325 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,325 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,775 ft of 3,491 ft · 51 %
In the air over the runway, 1,325 ftRollout, 450 ft Left over, 1,716 ft
Rollout distance100.00
450ft51 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.8ft L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 28 at 6Y1 Bois Blanc, a small airfield located in Michigan, United States. The aircraft, a PA28 Warrior II, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 63 kt, covering a distance of 419 ft, which was 12% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 62 °F and a wind speed of 8 kt from 339 °, resulting in a crosswind of 7 kt and a headwind of 3 kt.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airfield, it began its enroute climb, which started overhead 6Y1 Bois Blanc Pointe Aux Pins. The climb was steep, with the aircraft ascending from 871 ft above sea level to 1,515 ft in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 1 nm. This rapid ascent was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 7 minutes and covered a distance of 7 nm. The cruise phase took place 1 mile northwest of 6Y1 Bois Blanc Pointe Aux Pins.

As the aircraft approached its destination, it began its final approach to runway 08 at KMCD Mackinac Island Airport, which was located to the west. The approach was made at a heading of 73.0 ° and an altitude of 328 ft above ground level, with the aircraft covering a distance of 0 nm. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 60 °F and a wind speed of 3 kt from 40 °, resulting in a crosswind of 2 kt and a headwind of 3 kt.

The landing was smooth, with the aircraft touching down on the runway at a speed of 48 kt and a distance of 1,318 ft, which was 52% of the runway length. The touchdown rate was excellent, at -52 fpm, and the runway touchdown alignment was perfect. The aircraft then rolled out on the runway, maintaining perfect alignment, and eventually came to a stop.

Taxiing to the parking area from the runway took less than 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nm. The total flight distance was 9 nm, and the flight duration was 9 minutes. The aircraft used 6 lbs of fuel during the flight. Overall, the flight was characterized by a smooth and efficient climb, cruise, and descent, with a good landing and a short taxiing time.

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