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KATL
Atlanta, United States
Runway 27R
Elevation1,017 ft asl
Weight81,243 kg
Fuel10,050 kg
Wind270° · 7 kn

Flight Score

96.73 %
KBOS
Boston, United States
Runway 27
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight75,650 kg
Fuel4,129 kg
Wind302° · 4 kn · 3 kn cross
11 Nov 2026 2:22 904 nm Airbus A321ceo 5,921 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
90.19 %

What went well

Touchdown 228 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 40 ft and 144 kt — both inside band
Rotated at 162 kt — on the 159 kt rotation target

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 589 fpm with one bounce, −1.98 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 589 fpm−1.01
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.63
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.74 G at contact−0.08
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 17.35 m right at 58 %, −1.28 points

Next time

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 19 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 19 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 8 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 8 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 8 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 8 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 27R at KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Average speed was 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 7 kt0 kt min to max 9 kt 9 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.1 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 27R at KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Takeoff distance 2,148 m 59 % of runway. Rotation speed was 162 kt. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 8 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,148 m59 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 162 ktTarget 159 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.25 m right0.00 m left to 3.25 m right -2.74 -3.25 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.3 ° min to max 4.4 ° -0.3 4.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 27R KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 178 kt173 kt min to max 182 kt 173 182 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.01 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 453 fpm163 fpm min to max 850 fpm 163 850 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 36 ft agl 0 36 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.5 ° min to max 7.3 ° 4.5 7.3 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 27R KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 184 kt182 kt min to max 186 kt 182 186 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.06 g min to max 1.13 g 1.08 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 1,191 fpm862 fpm min to max 2,810 fpm 862 2,810 fpm
Info Average altitude 75 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 319 ft agl 37 319 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °7.3 ° min to max 12.7 ° 7.3 12.7 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 110 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 110 ft agl · 188 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 27R KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 184 kt184 kt min to max 185 ktTarget 168 kt, 16 kt fast 185 184 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up at 81 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average VSI 3,069 fpm2,881 fpm min to max 3,172 fpm 3,028 2,881 fpm
Info Average altitude 670 ft agl372 ft agl min to max 959 ft agl 372 959 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °11.2 ° min to max 12.3 ° 12.3 11.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of College Park (Georgia, United States). Climbing from 1,956 ft asl to 35,003 ft asl, an increase of 33,047 ft in 21 minutes and covering 153 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 265 kt182 kt min to max 298 kt 184 261 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 30.0 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.82 g min to max 1.22 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,767 fpm-74 fpm min to max 4,005 fpm 2,833 86 fpm
Info Average altitude 13,841 ft asl1,956 ft asl min to max 35,033 ft asl 1,956 35,003 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °2.9 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.2 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination -2-16 min to max 6 -1 0

Events

Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 1,526 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,723 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,727 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,880 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,205 ft agl · 302 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Mauldin (South Carolina, United States) and lasted 65 minutes, covering 533 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,251 ft of 35,010 ft asl34,982 ft asl min to max 35,040 ft asl 35,011 35,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 260 kt258 kt min to max 264 kt 261 260 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 20.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.8 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-5 min to max 6 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.6 3.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Coney Island (New York, United States). Descent from 35,004 ft asl to 23,011 ft asl, a decrease of 11,993 ft in 8 minutes and covering 65 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 268 kt260 kt min to max 278 kt 260 271 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 22.3 °0.0 ° min to max 22.3 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,152 fpm-2,291 fpm min to max 99 fpm 1 21 fpm
Info Average altitude 30,412 ft asl23,001 ft asl min to max 35,006 ft asl 35,004 23,011 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.6 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 0-5 min to max 6 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south of Branford Center (Connecticut, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 23 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,650 ft of 23,010 ft asl22,994 ft asl min to max 23,041 ft asl 23,010 23,009 ft asl
100 % Average speed 271 kt271 kt min to max 271 kt 271 271 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.5 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.8 2.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south of CT11 Devils Hopyard Field East Haddam (Connecticut, United States). Descent from 23,007 ft asl to 2,835 ft asl, a decrease of 20,172 ft in 20 minutes and covering 109 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 246 kt194 kt min to max 273 kt 271 194 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.1 °0.0 ° min to max 25.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.87 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -909 fpm-1,834 fpm min to max 292 fpm -9 -275 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,899 ft asl2,835 ft asl min to max 23,010 ft asl 23,007 2,835 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-3.2 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.8 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination -2-13 min to max 6 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,953 ft agl · 291 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4,868 ft agl · 252 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,553 ft agl · 216 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 3,397 ft agl · 211 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 9 miles south east of Marblehead (Massachusetts, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±641 ft of 2,798 ft asl2,790 ft asl min to max 2,823 ft asl 2,814 2,823 ft asl
100 % Average speed 181 kt170 kt min to max 195 kt 195 170 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 14.7 °0.0 ° min to max 14.7 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.92 g
Info Turn coordination -3-9 min to max 1 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °0.4 ° min to max 4.3 ° 1.6 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,745 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 2,744 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,765 ft agl · 175 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles south east of Nahant (Massachusetts, United States). Descent from 2,718 ft asl to 1,349 ft asl, a decrease of 1,368 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 154 kt144 kt min to max 164 kt 164 144 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -811 fpm-909 fpm min to max -736 fpm -806 -737 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,721 ft asl1,349 ft asl min to max 2,718 ft asl 2,718 1,349 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.2 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 5 1,731 ft agl · 163 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 27 at KBOS Logan International Airport. Descent from 1,370 ft agl to 47 ft agl in 101 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 90.56Landing on runway 27 at KBOS Logan International Airport, runway length 2,175 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 144 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 144 kt. Target 145 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
62 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.9° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 228 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.58 m left1.58 m left to 1.48 m right 1.58 -1.48 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Peak g force 1.07 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 0.96 1.07 g
Info Average speed 144 kt144 kt min to max 144 kt 144 144 kt
Info Average VSI -796 fpm-824 fpm min to max -722 fpm -773 -722 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 40 ft agl 40 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° 1.0 5.4 °
07515022501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 79.67Touchdown distance was good at 227 m. Touchdown speed at 144 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -589 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 4 kt at 302 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
25 % Touchdown rate was -589 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 228 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 144 ktTarget below 142 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.40 m right1.89 m right -1.48 -2.40 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.4 °
75 % Peak g force 1.74 g1.07 g min to max 1.74 g 1.07 1.44 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 144 kt143 kt min to max 144 kt 144 143 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °5.4 ° min to max 6.6 ° 5.4 6.6 °
Arrival Rollout 80.73Total landing distance 1,201 m, 55 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 17.4 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,201 m55 % of runway.
58 % Runway alignment max 17.35 m right2.92 m left to 17.35 m right -11.62 2.90 m
98 % Average g force 1.00 g0.82 g min to max 1.85 g 1.14 1.00 g
Info Average speed 113 kt71 kt min to max 141 kt 141 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-0.7 ° min to max 9.0 ° 6.6 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 47 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 42 kt21 kt min to max 70 kt 70 21 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.6 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 21 kt 21 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 ktmax 7 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 8 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 8 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 8 ft agl · 6 kt

Takeoff from KATL 27R

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
19kt peak

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
2,148m59 %
Runway alignment100.00
3.25m R
Rotation speed100.00
162kttarget 159, 3 late

A slow rotation

The nose came up at 162 kt against the 159 kt rotate speed, and rose at 0.8° a second, slower than the 1.6 to 2.9 other Airbus A321ceo pilots fly.

The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
173ktat 4.5°
Rotation
0.8°/sover 4.6 s, gaining 11 kt
35 ft
182ktat 7.3°, 6.1 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.7°steepest
Gear up100.00
81ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
184kttarget 168

Plan view the roll down the 3,618 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted right of the centreline, 2.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.9 m right. Airborne 59 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.92 m RAirborne 2,163 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,163 m of 3,618 m · 60 %
Takeoff roll, 2,163 m Left ahead, 1,455 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 959 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 906 m of runway left; gear up at 81 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,040 fpm on average to 959 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3184 kt avgtarget 168THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 391 m · 4.6 sRotate 162 kttarget 159Liftoff 173 ktGear up 81 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 168210 kt14070020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 391 m · 4.6 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 1594.5° off · 0.8°/s7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 1.6 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A321ceo pilots over the last 180 days (76 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°1.6°/s3°/s2.9°/s2°/sTAIL STRIKE 9.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT4.5° off · 0.8°/s7° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began1.6 to 2.9°/s, other Airbus A321ceo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate740 fpm760 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.2°
On centreline0.0° off0.1° off
On speed+0.2 kt+0.8 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KBOS 27

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3667033802091,000 ft gate7 of 71,088 ft · 145 kt500 ft gate7 of 7582 ft · 146 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 4 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1 m L2 m R2 m R1 m R0 m R4 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +1 kt on the approach speed of 145 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 145+0 kt−1 kt−1 kt−0 kt−1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KBOS 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
40ft
Threshold speed100.00
144kttarget 145, 1 slow
Centreline offset100.00
1.58m L
Bank100.00
0.3°steepest
Flare62.24

The flare wandered off the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.9° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 228 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
228m
Centreline100.00
2.40m R
Speed100.00
143kttarget 141, 2 fast
Touchdown rate24.62
-589fpm
Impact75.00
1.74G
Bounces80.00
1
Bank100.00
0.4°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
934m53 % used
Rollout alignment57.57
17.35m R

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
21kt peak7 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 40 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 15 ft. Touched down 228 m in, 77 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

40 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 15 ft · −780 fpm · 2.5° · 144 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −596 fpm · 5.4°−589 fpm · 5.4° nose up · 144 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 40 ft, down at 228 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 780 fpm at the flare to 590 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.9° on the way down. Into the flare at 144 kt, on the 145 kt approach speed, and 144 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−589 fpm at touchdown5.4° at touchdown, +2.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,175 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.4 m right of the centreline and drifted to 17 m right on the rollout, back to 2.8 m left by the end. Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 302° at 4 kt · 3 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 228 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 228 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.74 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,162 m of 2,175 m · 53 %
In the air over the runway, 228 mRollout, 934 m Left over, 1,014 m

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A321ceo departed from runway 27R at KATL Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The take-off roll used 2,148 m, which is 59 % of the runway. Rotation was achieved at 162 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 21 °C, wind 8 kt from 270°, with a headwind component of 8 kt and no crosswind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 26 seconds, averaging 1,815 fpm and reaching 184 kt at the top of the segment. The aircraft then climbed from 1,956 ft asl to 35,003 ft asl in 21 minutes, covering 153 nm, beginning 1 mile south-west of College Park. Cruise was maintained at 35,000 ft asl for 65 minutes, covering 533 nm, beginning 1 mile north-west of Mauldin.

Descent began from 35,004 ft asl and proceeded to 1,349 ft asl in 34 minutes, covering 206 nm, starting overhead Coney Island with brief level-offs at 23,000 ft asl and 2,800 ft asl. The final approach to runway 27 at KBOS Logan International Airport descended from 1,370 ft agl to 47 ft agl in 101 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. At 1,731 ft agl the aircraft was in final flap position 5 and was flying 163 kt.

Landing on runway 27 at KBOS used a runway length of 2,175 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 144 kt, described as good. The flare was a fair landing flare with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 227 m down the runway at a speed of 144 kt, noted as a little fast, with a very hard rate of -589 fpm. Alignment at touchdown was very good. One bounce occurred on touchdown. Total landing distance was 1,201 m, which is 55 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was misaligned by 17.4 m from the centreline.

Local weather at landing was temperature 16 °C, wind 4 kt from 302°, giving a headwind component of 3 kt and a crosswind component of 3 kt. After landing, taxiing to the parking area took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 904 nm in 142 minutes and consumed 5,921 kg of fuel.

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