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KHRL
Harlingen, United States
Runway 13
Elevation33 ft asl
Weight5,686 lbs
Fuel1,615 lbs
Wind130° · 7 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.35 %
KELP
El Paso, United States
Runway 22
Elevation3,914 ft asl
Weight4,702 lbs
Fuel612 lbs
Wind359° · 9 kn · 7 kn cross
10 Jul 2026 2:23 622 nm Vision Jet 1,003 lbs
Departure Score
99.80 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
89.26 %

What went well

Threshold crossed at 44 ft and 82 kt — both inside band
1.22 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout controlled — 24 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 37 %, Runway alignment max 63.8 ft left at 68 %, −1.26 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown rate was -212 fpm at 72 %, Runway alignment max 42.4 ft left at 73 %, −0.77 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 42.8 ft left at 78 %, −0.66 points

Next time

Arrival

Carry more power on approach to hold 87 kt at the threshold instead of letting speed decay into the flare.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink at 33 ft while already below the speed target, and the aircraft settled as the remaining energy ran out, usually carrying a firm touchdown with it at 212 fpm.

Watch for: Watch airspeed on short final against 87 kt, keeping it there through the flare.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 5 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 11 kt 0 5 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 13 at KHRL Valley International Airport, Average speed was 16 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 5 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 2 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 9 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 13 at KHRL Valley International Airport. Takeoff distance 2,311 ft 32 % of runway. Rotation speed was 94 kt. Local weather - Temperature 80 °F. Wind 8 kt at 130 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,311 ft32 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 94 ktTarget 89 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 8.8 ft left8.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 8.0 5.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 5.1 ° 0.6 5.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13 KHRL Valley International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 105 kt101 kt min to max 109 kt 102 108 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.02 g min to max 1.22 g 1.21 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 634 fpm399 fpm min to max 843 fpm 399 843 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl 0 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.1 ° min to max 7.9 ° 5.2 7.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13 KHRL Valley International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 110 kt103 kt min to max 113 kt 109 105 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.92 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,219 fpm850 fpm min to max 2,389 fpm 850 2,368 fpm
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl38 ft agl min to max 351 ft agl 38 351 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.1 °7.9 ° min to max 17.7 ° 7.9 17.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 123 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 153 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 264 ft agl · 109 kt
Departure Climb 3 98.98Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13 KHRL Valley International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Climb speed 105 kt97 kt min to max 111 ktTarget 117 kt, 12 kt slow 105 110 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.2 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.11 g
100 % Landing gear up at 79 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.8 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.8 °
Info Average VSI 1,550 fpm584 fpm min to max 2,591 fpm 2,372 2,591 fpm
Info Average altitude 676 ft agl389 ft agl min to max 935 ft agl 389 935 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °6.4 ° min to max 18.0 ° 18.0 17.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KHRL Valley International Airport Harlingen (Texas, United States). Climbing from 1,014 ft asl to 16,000 ft asl, an increase of 14,986 ft in 11 minutes and covering 34 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 144 kt95 kt min to max 183 kt 110 183 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.2 °0.0 ° min to max 27.6 ° 1.8 20.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.81 g min to max 1.21 g 1.11 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 1,426 fpm-2 fpm min to max 3,191 fpm 2,820 16 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,809 ft asl1,014 ft asl min to max 16,000 ft asl 1,014 16,000 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °-0.4 ° min to max 19.7 ° 18.0 -0.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,727 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 6,675 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 12,973 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 16,359 ft agl · 215 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 16,359 ft agl · 215 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead KMFE McAllen Miller International Airport McAllen (Texas, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,300 ft of 16,008 ft asl16,000 ft asl min to max 16,011 ft asl 16,000 16,007 ft asl
100 % Average speed 197 kt184 kt min to max 219 kt 184 219 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °0.0 ° min to max 19.0 ° 19.0 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.96 g min to max 1.11 g 1.09 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.2 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead West Sharyland (Texas, United States). Climbing from 16,009 ft asl to 30,000 ft asl, an increase of 13,991 ft in 14 minutes and covering 57 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 162 kt136 kt min to max 224 kt 220 140 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,081 fpm-8 fpm min to max 3,589 fpm 5 51 fpm
Info Average altitude 22,928 ft asl16,002 ft asl min to max 30,000 ft asl 16,009 30,000 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-1.4 ° min to max 8.5 ° -1.3 1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 16,450 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 16,450 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 30,660 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 30,660 ft agl · 224 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south west of 7TE1 Zachry Ranch Airport Escobas (Texas, United States) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 54 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,000 ft of 30,008 ft asl30,005 ft asl min to max 30,011 ft asl 30,008 30,009 ft asl
100 % Average speed 182 kt144 kt min to max 191 kt 144 191 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 12.3 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 8 miles east of Colombia (Estado de Nuevo Leon, Mexico). Descent from 30,010 ft asl to 24,307 ft asl, a decrease of 5,702 ft in 2 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 195 kt182 kt min to max 207 kt 191 207 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.82 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.20 g
Info Average VSI -3,326 fpm-4,722 fpm min to max 37 fpm -14 -3,706 fpm
Info Average altitude 27,610 ft asl24,307 ft asl min to max 30,010 ft asl 30,010 24,307 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -7.1 °-9.9 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.8 -6.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 30,775 ft agl · 315 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 30,775 ft agl · 315 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 25,211 ft agl · 309 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 25,211 ft agl · 309 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 10 miles north east of Hidalgo (Estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico) and lasted 74 minutes, covering 385 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,701 ft of 24,005 ft asl23,998 ft asl min to max 24,026 ft asl 24,026 24,003 ft asl
100 % Average speed 203 kt200 kt min to max 205 kt 205 204 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 20.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.7 -1.3 °

Events

Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 23,964 ft agl · 300 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 11 miles south of 65TX Flying Eagle Ranch Airport Salt Flat (Texas, United States). Descent from 24,004 ft asl to 6,806 ft asl, a decrease of 17,199 ft in 12 minutes and covering 59 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 228 kt160 kt min to max 251 kt 205 190 kt
100 % Average bank angle 15.6 °0.0 ° min to max 25.4 ° 0.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,596 fpm-2,024 fpm min to max 52 fpm -2 -48 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,852 ft asl6,806 ft asl min to max 24,004 ft asl 24,004 6,806 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-5.4 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.3 -1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 20,496 ft agl · 304 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,117 ft agl · 239 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 6 miles north of Homestead Meadows North (Texas, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±840 ft of 6,790 ft asl6,771 ft asl min to max 6,800 ft asl 6,793 6,771 ft asl
100 % Average speed 140 kt133 kt min to max 169 kt 169 136 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.9 °0.0 ° min to max 13.6 ° 3.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.94 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-1.9 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.6 -1.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,010 ft agl · 156 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 5 miles north west of Homestead Meadows North (Texas, United States). Descent from 6,658 ft asl to 5,254 ft asl, a decrease of 1,404 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 134 kt127 kt min to max 137 kt 137 127 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -832 fpm-935 fpm min to max -724 fpm -823 -796 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,612 ft asl5,254 ft asl min to max 6,658 ft asl 6,658 5,254 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.8 °-4.5 ° min to max -2.4 ° -2.6 -4.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,757 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,442 ft agl · 153 kt
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 22 at KELP El Paso International Airport. Descent from 1,365 ft agl to -54 ft agl in 165 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
50 % On centrelinefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,347 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 197 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 45 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 45 ft agl · 100 kt
Arrival Landing 81.09Landing on runway 22 at KELP El Paso International Airport, runway length 12,012 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 83 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 83 kt. Target 87 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
37 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 33 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft settled on from there, 946 fpm of sink coming back, having crossed the threshold below target speed. Touchdown was 1,907 ft past the threshold. Carry the speed to the flare and hold it lower - the aircraft ran out of lift before the wheels arrived, so the fix is energy on the approach, not attitude.
68 % Runway alignment max 63.8 ft left63.8 ft left to 42.2 ft left 63.8 42.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.1 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.13 g 0.95 1.00 g
Info Average speed 78 kt73 kt min to max 83 kt 83 73 kt
Info Average VSI -222 fpm-405 fpm min to max -1 fpm -1 -154 fpm
Info Average altitude 24 ft agl6 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 45 6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.6 ° min to max 4.8 ° 1.7 2.7 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,25009.1218273646Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 88.40Touchdown point was 496 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 73 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -212 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 42 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 86 °F. Wind 9 kt at 359 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Tailwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
72 % Touchdown rate was -212 fpm.
86 % Touchdown distance was 1,907 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 73 ktTarget below 82 kt
73 % Runway alignment max 42.4 ft left42.3 ft left 42.2 42.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.22 g 1.00 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 73 kt72 kt min to max 73 kt 73 72 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.7 1.0 °
Arrival Rollout 90.10Total landing distance 2,954 ft, 25 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 43 ft from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,954 ft25 % of runway.
78 % Runway alignment max 42.8 ft left42.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 42.8 40.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 81 kt43 kt min to max 85 kt 85 43 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 35 kt 35 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl
Arrival Taxi 93.85Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Average speed 19 kt0 kt min to max 31 kt 12 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 16 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 94 kt, 5 kt above the 89 kt target, and lifted off at 101 kt 1.2 s later, the nose coming up at 2.6° a second. Climb 3 averaged 105 kt, 12 kt under its 117 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 117120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 893.8° off · 2.6°/s8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 30 kt 0.6° 0 s
Rotate1,752 ft · target 89 94 kt 0.8° 17.4 s
Liftoff1,937 ft · +7 kt from rotation 101 kt 3.8° 18.5 s
35 ft2,749 ft · 4.7 s after liftoff 107 kt 7.8° 23.3 s
Gear up3,345 ft · 79 ft · full marks to 400 ft 113 kt 11.8° 26.8 s
Climb 34,684 ft · 389 ft to 935 ft · target 117 105 kt avg 18.0° 35.1 s
End of Climb 38,199 ft · 935 ft 110 kt 17.0° 57.1 s

Takeoff from KHRL 13

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,311ft32 %
Rotation speed100.00
94kttarget 89, 5 fast
Liftoff speed
101kt
Runway alignment100.00
8.8ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
79ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed97.44
105kttarget 117
Rate of climb100.00
634fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 935 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 4,180 ft of runway left; gear up at 79 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,450 fpm on average to 935 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3105 kt avgtarget 117THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 94 kttarget 89Liftoff 101 ktGear up 79 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 7,263 ft runway.

Rolled from 334 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 10 ft at the widest, and lifted off 6 ft left. Airborne 31 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 10.0 ft LROLL 334 FT INAirborne 2,271 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,271 ft of 7,263 ft · 31 %
Behind the start of the roll, 334 ftTakeoff roll, 1,937 ft Left ahead, 4,992 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate140 fpm260 fpm
On glideslope3.6°4.3°
On centreline0.6° off2.1° off
On speed+9.7 kt+5.8 kt
Wings level2° bank1° bank

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.7 to 0.3 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KELP 22

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 250 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,4649235452551,000 ft gate7 of 71,272 ft · 97 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline794 ft · 93 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 2.0 nm, then drifted 360 ft left between 2.0 and 0.8 nm, then back inside it from 0.8 to 0.3 nm, then 70 ft left of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR900 ft L0900 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND175 ft R213 ft L227 ft L12 ft R216 ft R341 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +43 kt on the approach speed of 87 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 87+43 kt+7 kt+4 kt+3 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KELP 22

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
44ft
Threshold speed100.00
82kttarget 87, 5 slow
Centreline offset68.41
63.8ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold86.42
1,907ft
Centreline73.34
42.4ft L
Speed100.00
72kttarget 82 or less
Touchdown rate72.16
-212fpm
Impact100.00
1.22G
BouncesOk
None
The flare37.00

The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare took all the sink out 33 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft settled on from there, 946 fpm of sink coming back, having crossed the threshold below target speed. Touchdown was 1,907 ft past the threshold. Carry the speed to the flare and hold it lower - the aircraft ran out of lift before the wheels arrived, so the fix is energy on the approach, not attitude.

The crosswind

6 kt across from the right, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 73 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 359° at 9 kt · 6 kt tail · 6 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 86 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.23 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 1,121 ft30 kt · 1,400 fttouchdown1,456 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Began the flare at 16 ft, 742 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 44 ft, close to the 50 ft target; ballooned 38 ft from 4 ft. Touched down 1,907 ft in, 907 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

44 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT held off 1,901 ft from the lowest point 80 ft400 Flare began at 16 ft, 742 ft before the threshold−1,378 fpm · −4.8° · 92 ktballooned +38 ft · from 42 ft to 42 ft−212 fpm · 2.7° nose up · 73 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 44 ft, down at 1,907 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 100 fpm before coming down at 210 fpm to touch. The nose came up 7.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−212 fpm at touchdown2.7° at touchdown, +7.4° from the flareclimbing 102 fpm
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 12,012 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 42 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 43 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 6 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,907 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,907 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 212 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 3,100 ft of 12,012 ft · 26 %
In the air over the runway, 1,907 ftRollout, 1,193 ft Left over, 8,912 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,193ft24 % used
Rollout alignment78.01
42.8ft L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight departed from Valley International Airport (KHRL) in Harlingen, Texas, where it initiated its departure roll on runway 13. The aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 102 kt, clearing the runway threshold in 2,314 ft, which represented 32% of the runway's length. Local weather conditions at the time of departure included a temperature of 80 °F and a headwind of 8 kt.

As the aircraft climbed to 16,000 ft, it transitioned into a level cruise phase, initially lasting 2 minutes and covering 7 nm, before resuming a climb phase to 30,000 ft. The aircraft then entered a series of level cruise phases, with the longest lasting 74 minutes and covering 385 nm. During the descent phase, the aircraft reduced its altitude from 30,010 ft to 6,806 ft, a decrease of 17,199 ft, in 12 minutes. The final approach to runway 22 at El Paso International Airport (KELP) was initiated from the north east, with a heading of 230.0 ° and an altitude of 1,318 ft above ground level.

The aircraft landed on runway 22, with a touchdown point 261 ft beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed of 73 kt was within acceptable limits, and the touchdown rate of -154 fpm was also satisfactory. However, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 32 ft from the centreline, and the runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 33 ft from the centreline. The total landing distance of 2,954 ft represented 25% of the runway's length. The flight ultimately covered a total distance of 622 nm, consuming 1,003 lbs of fuel and lasting 143 minutes.

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