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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Be established on the glideslope before the gate, with small corrections made early rather than a large one late.
What happened: The approach was off the glideslope at the stabilisation gate.
Watch for: Glideslope indication at the gate
See Arrival Approach
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 83 kt, 3 kt above the 80 kt target, and lifted off at 91 kt 1.7 s later, the nose coming up at 3.7° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 117 kt target, at 119 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 924 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 301 m of runway left; gear up at 68 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,820 fpm on average to 924 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,233 m runway.
Rolled from 294 m in, drifted 2.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 300 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3° and speed more than 21 kt above the approach speed of 87 kt.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.3 nm, about 170 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 300 ft gate. The last to settle was the centreline.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.9 nm (up to 390 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 1.0 nm, then drifted 71 m left between 1.0 and 0.3 nm, then inside the band from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.5 nm (up to +24 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 74 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 009° at 4 kt · 2 kt tail · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 76 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 24 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,233 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 30 ft, 37 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 23 ft, 27 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 246 m in, 59 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,233 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 440 fpm at the flare to 20 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 1,233 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.7 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 3 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 246 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cirrus Vision SF50 taxied from the parking area to runway 26 at CYTZ, a movement that lasted less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.
The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 26, using 712 m of runway (58 % of the available length), and lifted off at 92 kt. Ambient conditions were temperature 16 °C, wind 4 kt at 9°, with a 3 kt crosswind component and a 2 kt tailwind.
Climb began approximately 1 mile south of Niagara, Ontario, with the airplane ascending from 1,219 ft asl to 1,803 ft asl, a gain of 584 ft achieved in 1 minutes while traversing 2 nm.
Level cruise was established about 2 miles south of Niagara and persisted for 3 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 5 nm.
The final approach to runway 26 was executed from the east, on a heading of 255.0° at 1 nm distance and 440 ft above ground level.
Touchdown occurred on runway 26, whose total length is 1,233 m; the threshold speed was 84 kt, touchdown distance measured 244 m, touchdown speed was 74 kt, and the vertical speed was minus 26 fpm. The alignment at touchdown was very good.
The total landing roll measured 471 m, representing 38 % of the runway, and the aircraft maintained perfect alignment throughout the rollout.
After landing, the aircraft taxied back to the parking area, a maneuver that took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 9 nm, required 9 minutes of airborne time, and consumed 16 kg of fuel.
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