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Shorten the long landing
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Fly a stabilized approach and flare to touch down at the target point of 457 m.
What happened: Touchdown occurred past the normal point, landing 292 m beyond the target distance. This pattern typically reduces the margin available for stopping before the runway end.
Watch for: Watch touchdown point against the 457 m marker.
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 scored
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The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
The approach, gate by gate
Side view — the last 1,740 m of the approach.
Plan view — the first 1,740 m of the 2,713 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 749 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft taxied from the parking area to runway 28 at LIME Milan Bergamo Airport, a movement that required 8 minutes and covered 2 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 28, the Boeing 737-800 accelerated over a takeoff distance of 1,572 m, representing 57 % of the runway, and lifted off at 154 kt. Ambient conditions were 29 °C with a wind of 4 kt from 29°, a cross-wind component of 4 kt and a tail-wind component of 1 kt.
Climb commenced overhead Orio al Serio, rising from 1,738 ft asl to 34,990 ft asl - an increase of 33,253 ft - in 19 minutes while covering 117 nm.
Cruise began 2 miles east of Pracchia, Toscana, and continued for 95 minutes, during which the aircraft flew 734 nm at level altitude.
Descent was initiated 25 nm west of Plaka, South Aegean, Greece, descending from 34,996 ft asl to 1,561 ft asl - a loss of 33,435 ft - in 28 minutes and traversing 148 nm.
The final approach to runway 27 at LGIR Heraklion International Nikos Kazantzakis Airport was flown from the east on a heading of 275.0° at 4 nm and 1,469 ft agl.
Landing on runway 27 occurred with a runway length of 2,713 m; the threshold height of 59 ft agl was slightly above target and the threshold speed was well above target at 160 kt. Touchdown was recorded 333 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 150 kt, with a touchdown rate of minus 157 fpm and a lateral deviation of 4.4 m from the centreline. Local weather reported a temperature of 28 °C, wind 22 kt from 309°, a cross-wind component of 13 kt and a head-wind component of 18 kt. The total landing distance measured 1,659 m, equivalent to 61 % of the runway.
Runway rollout alignment was noted as very good, indicating the aircraft remained well aligned during the deceleration phase.
After exiting the runway, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 1,008 nm, lasted 154 minutes, and consumed 6,032 kg of fuel.
The final approach to runway 27 at LGIR Heraklion International Nikos Kazantzakis Airport was flown from the east on a heading of 275.0° at 4 nm and 1,469 ft agl. The approach was assessed as stabilised at the 1,000 ft gate, with gear, flaps, sink rate, glideslope and centreline all within limits.
At threshold the height of 59 ft agl was slightly above target and the threshold speed was well above target at 160 kt.
Touchdown occurred 333 m beyond the touchdown zone with a speed of 150 kt, which was fast. The vertical rate at touchdown was good at minus 157 fpm and the touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 4.4 m from the centreline. Total landing distance was 1,659 m, representing 61 % of the 2,713 m runway.
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
To improve the score, reduce the approach and touchdown speed toward the target value and aim to touch down nearer the designated touchdown zone, which will also help tighten lateral alignment.
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