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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final so the speed settles to 111 kt before the gate.
What happened: The approach was 32 kt fast at the stabilisation gate, and carrying that extra speed over the threshold usually carries the touchdown long, which happened here by 681 ft.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 111 kt at the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A clean takeoff
Rotated at 130 kt against the 130 kt rotate speed, the nose rising at 2.9° a second, then held 8.5° from 35 ft, within 1.2° top to bottom.
Rotated on speed at a steady rate, and the climb attitude held. This is the takeoff to repeat: the same speed check, the same pull, the same attitude.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 8,853 ft runway.
Rolled from 576 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 15 ft at the widest, and lifted off 8 ft left. Airborne 31 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 930 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 5,257 ft of runway left; gear up at 24 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,920 fpm on average to 930 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 750 Citation X pilots over the last 180 days (54 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 28 kt above the approach speed of 111 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 17 kt above the approach speed of 111 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 45× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 30 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 28 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to the threshold (up to +49 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
The flare mostly held the target profile
Crossing the threshold 12 kt above target, the flare took the sink out 18 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft flew down from there. Touchdown was 2,181 ft past the threshold. Let it come lower before checking the descent - holding off high uses runway and leaves the touchdown to chance.
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Began the flare at 40 ft, 81 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,181 ft in, 1,181 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 900 fpm at the flare to 210 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.5° on the way down. Into the flare at 123 kt, 12 kt over the 111 kt approach speed, and 102 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 7,495 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 11 ft left of the centreline, and steered back to 2 ft right by the end of the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 3.1° of bank.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
Touched down 2,181 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 103 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 15 s, an average deceleration of 0.25 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 36R at KCLT Charlotte Douglas International Airport in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 36R with a takeoff distance of 2,758 ft (31 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 130 kt. The local weather was 64 °F with wind 1 kt from 270°, a crosswind of 1 kt and no headwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 26 seconds, averaging 1,855 fpm and reaching 173 kt at the top of the segment.
The aircraft then climbed from 1,702 ft asl to 12,002 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 17 nm, beginning about 1 mile north-east of KCLT.
Level flight was maintained at 12,000 ft asl for 8 minutes, covering 54 nm, starting about 1 mile north-east of 3NC6 Mc Cachren Field, Harrisburg.
Descent from 12,001 ft asl to 1,659 ft asl lasted 9 minutes and covered 37 nm, beginning about 1 mile east of Bennett.
Final approach to runway 05R at KRDU Raleigh-Durham International Airport descended from 1,307 ft agl to 58 ft agl in 98 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; speed was not met. Configuration was landing gear down at 1,604 ft agl at 191 kt, and final flap position 4 at 649 ft agl at 146 kt.
Landing on runway 05R (runway length 7,495 ft) occurred with a good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 123 kt. The flare was described as very good but held off too high. Touchdown was 785 ft beyond the touchdown zone at 102 kt, with a fair touchdown rate of minus 214 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 12 ft from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 3,730 ft (50 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was very good.
The aircraft taxied from the runway to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered 114 nm in 26 minutes and used 0 lbs of fuel.
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