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LFBD
Bordeaux/Mérignac, France
Runway 05
Elevation154 ft asl
Weight998 kg
Fuel132 kg
Wind20° · 16 kn · 7 kn cross

Flight Score

90.73 %
LFBD
Bordeaux/Mérignac, France
Runway 29
Elevation154 ft asl
Weight986 kg
Fuel119 kg
Wind10° · 14 kn · 14 kn cross
22 Mar 2026 0:16 37 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 13 kg
Departure Score
96.34 %
Enroute Score
99.61 %
Arrival Score
76.23 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 43 % of the runway used
Lifted off at 69 kt — on the 72 kt target
Airborne in 696 m — 22 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kt at 0 %, Flare profile at 0 %, −3.05 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 20.20 m left at 37 %, −1.35 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 8.3 ° at 47 %, bank angle up to 10.6 ° at 80 %, −0.95 points

Next time

Departure

Ease the yoke smoothly to hold a steady one g through the ground roll instead of letting it sag to 0.4 g.

What happened: During the ground roll the g force averaged 0.4 g, well below the smooth steady load expected while tracking the runway.

Watch for: Watch the g meter and hold it steady near one g through the roll.

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final to bleed speed back to 68 kt before crossing the threshold.

What happened: You crossed the threshold at 108 kt, 40 kt above the 68 kt target.

Watch for: Airspeed, targeting 68 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 05 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport, Average speed was 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 27 kt 0 27 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °3.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.2 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.90 g0.71 g min to max 0.99 g 0.99 0.71 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Landing Gear Activated 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Departure Roll 92.04Departure roll runway 05 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport. Takeoff distance 698 m 23 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 16 kt at 20 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Headwind: 15 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 698 m23 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 70 ktTarget 70 kt
92 % Runway alignment max 5.18 m left5.18 m left to 0.00 m left 2.08 5.06 m
86 % Average g force 0.39 g0.01 g min to max 1.03 g 0.67 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °3.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.6 3.4 °
Info Average bank angle 1.2 °0.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 0.2 5.4 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 97.73Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 05 LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.4 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt70 kt min to max 88 kt 70 88 kt
91 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.09 g 1.05 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 490 fpm259 fpm min to max 739 fpm 259 739 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl 0 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °3.4 ° min to max 8.9 ° 3.4 8.9 °
Departure Climb 2 98.30Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 05 LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.8 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.7 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 85 kt76 kt min to max 88 kt 88 80 kt
93 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.1 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.71 g min to max 1.13 g 1.06 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 967 fpm667 fpm min to max 1,379 fpm 748 667 fpm
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl38 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl 38 380 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.4 °8.0 ° min to max 12.8 ° 9.0 8.0 °
Departure Climb 3 97.30Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 05 LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -2.1 °-3.9 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -3.9 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt82 kt min to max 98 kt 82 98 kt
87 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.5 ° min to max 7.1 ° 7.1 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.88 g min to max 0.96 g 0.91 0.94 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 685 fpm565 fpm min to max 1,083 fpm 650 1,083 fpm
Info Average altitude 460 ft agl392 ft agl min to max 539 ft agl 392 539 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °5.7 ° min to max 8.7 ° 7.8 8.7 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport Bordeaux/Mérignac (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France). Climbing from 783 ft asl to 3,555 ft asl, an increase of 2,773 ft in 5 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 134 kt99 kt min to max 154 kt 101 143 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.3 °0.0 ° min to max 31.0 ° 0.9 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.60 g min to max 1.23 g 0.85 0.87 g
Info Average VSI 669 fpm-384 fpm min to max 1,941 fpm 1,244 78 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,965 ft asl783 ft asl min to max 3,555 ft asl 783 3,555 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-2.6 ° min to max 8.3 ° 8.3 -0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south west of Saint-Jean-d'Illac (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±678 ft of 4,024 ft asl3,563 ft asl min to max 4,349 ft asl 3,563 3,900 ft asl
100 % Average speed 144 kt137 kt min to max 150 kt 144 145 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.9 °0.0 ° min to max 37.4 ° 8.1 7.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.60 g min to max 1.29 g 0.87 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-3.4 ° min to max 4.3 ° -0.5 -0.8 °
Enroute Descent 98.83Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Cestas (Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France). Descent from 3,898 ft asl to 2,099 ft asl, a decrease of 1,800 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 139 kt123 kt min to max 151 kt 145 128 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.2 °0.3 ° min to max 35.8 ° 1.7 2.4 °
88 % Average g force 0.93 g0.36 g min to max 1.91 g 0.90 0.89 g
Info Average VSI -856 fpm-2,615 fpm min to max 249 fpm 34 -2,615 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,263 ft asl2,099 ft asl min to max 3,898 ft asl 3,898 2,099 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.3 °-12.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° -0.6 -12.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 86.49Approaching runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,899 ft agl to 1,483 ft agl. A decrease of 415 ft in 9 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
63 % Approach angle 9.4 °9.2 ° min to max 9.7 °Target 3.0 ° 9.7 9.2 °
100 % Average speed 137 kt130 kt min to max 141 kt 130 139 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.5 0.9 °
88 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.6 ° min to max 7.3 ° 7.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.80 g min to max 0.97 g 0.88 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -2,708 fpm-2,813 fpm min to max -2,611 fpm -2,750 -2,732 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,691 ft agl1,483 ft agl min to max 1,899 ft agl 1,899 1,483 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -12.6 °-13.1 ° min to max -11.7 ° -12.9 -12.5 °
Arrival Final 3 90.05Approaching runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,389 ft agl to 1,046 ft agl. A decrease of 343 ft in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
67 % Approach angle 8.7 °8.5 ° min to max 9.0 °Target 3.0 ° 9.0 8.5 °
100 % Average speed 140 kt138 kt min to max 140 kt 138 139 kt
100 % Heading variation 1.3 °1.1 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.1 1.5 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °1.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.82 g min to max 1.16 g 0.94 1.16 g
Info Average VSI -2,489 fpm-2,817 fpm min to max -2,195 fpm -2,817 -2,195 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,212 ft agl1,046 ft agl min to max 1,389 ft agl 1,389 1,046 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -10.9 °-12.2 ° min to max -10.0 ° -12.2 -10.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 967 ft agl · 140 kt
Arrival Final 2 80.05Approaching runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 1,009 ft agl to 582 ft agl. A decrease of 427 ft in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
47 % Approach angle 8.3 °8.3 ° min to max 8.4 °Target 3.0 ° 8.4 8.3 °
100 % Average speed 130 kt126 kt min to max 137 kt 137 126 kt
100 % Heading variation 1.4 °1.3 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.4 1.3 °
80 % Average bank angle 3.7 °0.5 ° min to max 10.6 ° 7.4 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.87 g min to max 1.11 g 0.94 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -1,913 fpm-2,135 fpm min to max -1,799 fpm -2,135 -1,799 fpm
Info Average altitude 789 ft agl582 ft agl min to max 1,009 ft agl 1,009 582 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.9 °-9.8 ° min to max -8.5 ° -9.8 -8.8 °
Arrival Final 1 89.07Approaching runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 553 ft agl to 226 ft agl. A decrease of 327 ft in 11 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
55 % Approach angle 8.0 °7.9 ° min to max 8.3 °Target 3.0 ° 8.3 7.9 °
100 % Average speed 118 kt111 kt min to max 125 kt 125 111 kt
92 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.4 °
98 % Average bank angle 3.9 °2.7 ° min to max 5.1 ° 2.7 5.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.84 g min to max 0.99 g 0.85 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -1,737 fpm-1,973 fpm min to max -1,577 fpm -1,846 -1,577 fpm
Info Average altitude 378 ft agl226 ft agl min to max 553 ft agl 553 226 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.2 °-9.1 ° min to max -7.5 ° -9.0 -8.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 36.01Landing on runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport, runway length 2,414 m. Threshold height at 78 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kt. Target 68 kt
49 % Threshold height at 78 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
92 % Runway alignment max 0.22 m left0.22 m left to 0.07 m left 0.11 0.22 m
95 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 5.3 ° 1.2 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.64 g min to max 1.37 g 1.28 1.32 g
Info Average speed 83 kt65 kt min to max 108 kt 108 65 kt
Info Average VSI -358 fpm-1,310 fpm min to max -140 fpm -1,310 -537 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl-22 ft agl min to max 78 ft agl 78 -22 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-3.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° -3.2 2.4 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590097501632496581Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900975-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 80.36Touchdown point was 377 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 65 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very hard at -537 fpm. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 20.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 14 kt at 9 °. Crosswind: 14 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Touchdown rate was -537 fpm.
61 % Touchdown distance was 812 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 65 ktTarget below 62 kt
38 % Runway alignment max 20.14 m left20.07 m left 19.90 20.14 m
92 % Average bank angle 3.2 °2.6 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.8 3.9 °
94 % Average g force 1.21 g0.59 g min to max 1.70 g 1.32 0.59 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 65 kt64 kt min to max 65 kt 65 64 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.6 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.4 1.6 °
Arrival Rollout 71.58Total landing distance 1,058 m, 44 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 20.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,058 m44 % of runway.
37 % Runway alignment max 20.20 m left20.20 m left to 0.00 m left 20.16 9.95 m
97 % Average g force 0.51 g0.40 g min to max 0.69 g 0.56 0.58 g
Info Average speed 63 kt39 kt min to max 68 kt 68 39 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.5 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.6 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 6.0 °1.3 ° min to max 9.2 ° 4.1 1.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 9 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 35 kt 35 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.7 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.04 g0.65 g min to max 1.22 g 0.65 1.22 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 3.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.4° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 34 kt 3.6° 0 s
Liftoff176 m · target 72 69 kt 3.4° 7.3 s
35 ft450 m · 7.3 s after liftoff 88 kt 8.7° 14.6 s
End of Climb 31,729 m · 539 ft 98 kt 8.7° 48.4 s

Takeoff from LFBD 05

Takeoff roll100.00
696m22 %
Liftoff speed100.00
69kttarget 72, 3 slow
Runway alignment92.21
5.18m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.73
489fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 539 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,142 m of runway left; then climbing at 790 fpm on average to 539 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,100 m runway.

Rolled from 508 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 5 m at the widest, and lifted off 5 m left, in 6 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 5.00 m LROLL 508 M INAirborne 684 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 684 m of 3,100 m · 22 %
Behind the start of the roll, 508 mTakeoff roll, 176 m Left ahead, 2,416 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 500 ft gate: gear still up, no landing flap set, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3°, wings more than 10° from level and speed more than 21 kt above the approach speed of 70 kt.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: sinking too fast all the way, high all the way, fast all the way, banked until 1.3 nm, no landing flap until 1.0 nm, gear up until 0.4 nm, left of the centreline from 1.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LFBD 29

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 2.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 1,890 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,2071,028577500 ft gate1 of 7gear downlanding flapsink rateon glideslopeon speedwings level1,755 ft · 132 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 468 m right of the centreline at 2.6 nm, then inside it from 1.6 to 1.3 nm, then 78 m left of it from 1.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND354 m R78 m L55 m L36 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 2.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +71 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 70+58 kt+70 kt+57 kt+41 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LFBD 29

Over the threshold

Threshold height49.44
77ft
Threshold speed0.00
107kttarget 70, 37 fast
Centreline offset91.60
0.22m L

Touchdown

Past threshold61.15
812m
Centreline37.68
20.14m L
Speed100.00
64kttarget 67 or less
Touchdown rate84.93
-634fpm
Impact94.29
1.70G
BouncesOk
None
The flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

13 kt across from the right, which takes about 12° of crab to hold the centreline at 65 kt. Touched down with 12° of it still on, 4° of bank.

Wind 010° at 14 kt · 2 kt head · 13 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 70 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 137 m30 kt · 355 mtouchdown369 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 77 ft, 27 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 812 m in, 508 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

77 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −634 fpm · 2.4° nose up · 65 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 77 ft, down at 812 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 710 fpm at 81 ft to 50 fpm at 51 ft, then back up to 630 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−634 fpm at touchdown2.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,414 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 20 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 9.7 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 13 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 812 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 812 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,111 m of 2,414 m · 46 %
In the air over the runway, 812 mRollout, 299 m Left over, 1,303 m
Rollout distance100.00
299m43 % used
Rollout alignment37.48
20.20m L

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Departing runway 05 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport, the Piper PA-24-250 Comanche began its takeoff roll, accelerating to liftoff speed of 70 kt in a distance of 698 m, which represented 23% of the available runway. The aircraft lifted off with a headwind component of 15 kt, which contributed to a relatively short takeoff distance.

As the aircraft climbed away from Bordeaux-Mérignac, it transitioned into a steady enroute climb, reaching an altitude of 3,555 ft asl in just 5 minutes. This climb phase was characterized by a significant increase in altitude, with a gain of 2,773 ft. Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, maintaining an altitude of 3,555 ft asl for 7 minutes while covering a distance of 17 nm. The descent phase that followed was initiated 1 mile west of Cestas, with the aircraft losing 1,800 ft in altitude in just 3 minutes. This descent phase was completed in preparation for the final approach to runway 29 at LFBD Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport.

The final approach was initiated from the east, with the aircraft heading 276.0° at 2 nm and 1,899 ft agl. However, the landing was not without issues, as the touchdown point was 302 m beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed of 65 kt was slightly higher than desired. Furthermore, the touchdown rate was very hard at -537 fpm, and the runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 20.1 m from the centreline. The total landing distance of 1,058 m represented 44% of the available runway, and the runway rollout alignment was also misaligned by 20.2 m from the centreline. Despite these challenges, the aircraft completed the flight, covering a total distance of 37 nm and consuming 13 kg of fuel in the process.

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