YMML to YPAD Flight Report - Airbus A380

Flight from YMML to YPAD

Friday, 08 November 2024 16:54

Minutes 81

362 nm

Fuel 12,003 kg

Airbus A380

Departure

Runway 34 at YMML

Melbourne International Airport

Melbourne, State of Victoria, Australia

Altitude

390 ft asl

Weight

373,281 kg

Fuel

31,569 kg

Temperature

7 °C

Wind Speed

8 kt

Wind Direction

10.0 °

Headwind

7 kt

Crosswind

2 kt

Arrival

Runway 05 at YPAD

Adelaide International Airport

Adelaide State of South Australia, Australia

13 ft asl

Altitude

361,277 kg

Weight

19,566 kg

Fuel

11 °C

Temperature

0 kt

Wind Speed

29.6 °

Wind Direction

0 kt

Headwind

0 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 99.24%

Departure Score 98.41%

Enroute Score 100%

Arrival Score 99.3%

The flight in the Airbus A380 began with a 16-minute taxi from the parking area to the runway at YMML Melbourne International Airport. The departure roll took place on runway 34, with a takeoff distance of 1,017 meters, which covered 28% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 158 knots, and the local weather at the time of departure included a temperature of 8°C, with a wind of 8 knots at 10°, resulting in a crosswind of 3 knots and headwind of 8 knots.

The enroute climb commenced over YMML Melbourne International Airport, ascending from 1,461 feet asl to 40,026 feet asl, covering a total distance of 55 nautical miles in 10 minutes. The aircraft then entered a level cruise phase, starting 2 miles southwest of Clunes in the state of Victoria, and lasting 23 minutes, covering 154 nm.

Subsequently, the enroute descent began 2 miles southeast of Mundulla in the state of South Australia. The descent took the aircraft from 40,143 feet asl to 1,809 feet asl, covering a distance of 133 nm in 26 minutes. The landing was executed on runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport, with a runway length of 2,951 meters. The aircraft touched down 398 meters from the threshold at a speed of 132 knots, with a vertical speed indicator (VSI) showing -223 ft/m. The total landing distance was 2,177 meters, representing 74% of the runway length. The local weather at YPAD included a temperature of 13°C, with no wind present at the time of landing.

Finally, the flight concluded with a 5-minute taxi from the runway to the parking area, covering less than 1 nm. In total, the flight covered a distance of 362 nm, taking 105 minutes and consuming 12,003 kg of fuel.

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages YMML to YPAD

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Departure Taxi

100 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 16 minutes and covered 4 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 15 kn 0 kn min to max 24 kn	2		7 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 0 kn max 0 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.96 g min to max 1.01 g	0.96		1.00 g
Info	Average pitch angle -0.3 ° -1.0 ° min to max 0.7 °	0.3		0.1 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.0 °	0.0		0.6 °
Info	Battery Master On at 16:54:22
Info	Engine 1 Started at 16:54:22
Info	Beacon Lights Switched On at 16:54:22
Info	Navigation Lights Switched On at 16:54:22
Info	Autopilot Heading Hold Activated at 16:54:22
Info	Autopilot Flight Director Activated at 16:54:22
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 16:54:22
Info	Landing Gear Down at 16:54:22
Info	Engine 2 Started at 16:54:23
Info	Pitot Heat Switched On at 16:54:24
Info	Engine 3 Started at 16:56:10
Info	Engine 4 Started at 16:56:11
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 16:56:53
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 16:57:02
Info	Strobe Lights Switched On at 16:57:04
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 16:57:07

Departure Runway Entry

Entering runway 34 at YMML Melbourne International Airport, Average speed was 7 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 6 kn 3 kn min to max 9 kn	7		7 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 0.2 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.1		0.2 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.6 °	0.6		0.1 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		1.00 g

Departure Roll

92.15 %

Departure roll runway 34 at YMML Melbourne International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,017 m 28 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 158 kn. Local weather - Temperature 8 °C. Wind 8 kn at 10 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 8 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Takeoff distance 1,017 m 28 % of runway
100 %	Liftoff speed was 158 kn Target 159 kn
85.77 %	Runway alignment max 9.18 m 2.23 m left to 6.95 m right	0.80		-6.95 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.93 g min to max 1.08 g	1.00		1.04 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle 1.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 7.3 °	0.2		7.3 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.6 °	0.0		0.6 °
0 %	Landing Lights at 17:11:24

Departure Climb 1

100 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.4 ° 0.4 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.4		0.5 °
100 %	Average speed 165 kn 158 kn min to max 170 kn	158		170 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.1 °	0.6		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.14 g 1.04 g min to max 1.18 g	1.04		1.17 g
Info	Average VSI 641 ft/m 199 ft/m min to max 1,263 ft/m	199		1,263 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 21 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 56 ft agl	0		56 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 9.3 ° 7.4 ° min to max 11.3 °	7.4		11.3 °

Departure Climb 2

99.99 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.5 ° 0.5 ° min to max 0.5 °	0.5		0.5 °
100 %	Average speed 172 kn 170 kn min to max 176 kn	170		175 kn
99.95 %	Average bank angle 0.7 ° 0.1 ° min to max 2.0 °	0.1		2.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.17 g 1.13 g min to max 1.22 g	1.17		1.18 g
Info	Average VSI 1,864 ft/m 1,303 ft/m min to max 3,701 ft/m	1,303		3,701 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 115 ft agl 59 ft agl min to max 334 ft agl	59		334 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 13.1 ° 11.4 ° min to max 18.7 °	11.4		18.7 °

Departure Climb 3

99.91 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation 0.2 ° -0.1 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.3		-0.1 °
100 %	Average speed 169 kn 166 kn min to max 173 kn	173		166 kn
99.53 %	Average bank angle 1.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 2.2 °	2.2		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 0.94 g 0.91 g min to max 1.05 g	1.05		0.92 g
100 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 4,558 ft/m 4,429 ft/m min to max 4,689 ft/m	4,445		4,429 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 754 ft agl 484 ft agl min to max 1,017 ft agl	484		1,017 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 18.9 ° 18.6 ° min to max 19.5 °	19.5		18.6 °
Info	Landing Gear Up at 17:12:57

Enroute Climb

100 %

Enroute climb started overhead YMML Melbourne International Airport Melbourne (State of Victoria, Australia). Climbing from 1,461 ft asl to 40,026 ft asl, an increase of 38,565 ft in 10 minutes and covering 55 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 243 kn 163 kn min to max 294 kn	165		247 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 7.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 24.6 °	0.5		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.82 g min to max 1.19 g	0.92		1.00 g
Info	Average VSI 3,827 ft/m 9 ft/m min to max 6,397 ft/m	4,390		9 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 16,506 ft asl 1,461 ft asl min to max 40,026 ft asl	1,461		40,026 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 10.5 ° 3.0 ° min to max 18.6 °	18.5		3.0 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 17:14:03
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 17:14:19

Enroute Level

100 %

Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Clunes (State of Victoria, Australia) and lasted 23 minutes, covering 154 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 40,087 ft asl 40,029 ft asl min to max 40,142 ft asl	40,030		40,142 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 249 kn 249 kn min to max 250 kn	249		249 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.2 ° 0.0 ° min to max 5.6 °	0.1		4.9 °
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.96 g min to max 1.02 g	0.99		1.00 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle 3.0 ° 2.7 ° min to max 3.2 °	3.0		3.0 °
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 17:36:48

Enroute Descent

100 %

Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Mundulla (State of South Australia, Australia). Descent from 40,143 ft asl to 1,809 ft asl, a decrease of 38,334 ft in 26 minutes and covering 133 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 260 kn 225 kn min to max 287 kn	249		225 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 2.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 8.2 °	5.0		0.1 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.84 g min to max 1.12 g	1.00		0.99 g
Info	Average VSI -1,654 ft/m -3,345 ft/m min to max 380 ft/m	2		-621 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 19,050 ft asl 1,809 ft asl min to max 40,144 ft asl	40,143		1,809 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.3 ° -3.5 ° min to max 3.8 °	3.0		0.8 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 18:10:03
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 18:11:42
0 %	Landing Lights at 18:09:45

Arrival

100 %

Arrival started 2 miles south east of Mundulla (State of South Australia, Australia).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 175 kn 145 kn min to max 224 kn	224		145 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 4.7 ° 0.0 ° min to max 24.1 °	0.1		0.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.83 g min to max 1.15 g	0.98		0.96 g
Info	Average VSI -156 ft/m -1,240 ft/m min to max 232 ft/m	-646		-312 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,451 ft asl 1,244 ft asl min to max 1,798 ft asl	1,798		1,244 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 3.2 ° -1.1 ° min to max 6.0 °	0.9		1.9 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 18:13:21
Info	Landing Gear Down at 18:14:17
Info	Flaps Position 3 at 18:15:37
Info	Flaps Position 4 at 18:15:42
Info	Flaps Position 5 at 18:16:01

Arrival Final 4

100 %

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,225 ft agl to 959 ft agl. A decrease of 266 ft in 24 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 3.0 ° 2.9 ° min to max 3.1 ° Target 3.0 °	2.9		3.0 °
100 %	Average speed 143 kn 139 kn min to max 145 kn	145		139 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.0		0.2 °
100 %	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.1 °	0.4		0.0 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.86 g min to max 1.05 g	0.96		1.05 g
Info	Average VSI -625 ft/m -1,040 ft/m min to max -334 ft/m	-334		-890 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 1,119 ft agl 959 ft agl min to max 1,225 ft agl	1,225		959 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 0.8 ° -0.8 ° min to max 1.9 °	1.8		1.0 °

Arrival Final 3

100 %

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 946 ft agl to 689 ft agl. A decrease of 257 ft in 25 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 3.0 ° 3.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° Target 3.0 °	3.0		3.2 °
100 %	Average speed 137 kn 137 kn min to max 138 kn	138		137 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.2 ° -0.0 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.2		-0.0 °
100 %	Average bank angle 0.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 2.2 °	0.1		0.9 °
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 1.00 g min to max 1.04 g	1.03		1.04 g
Info	Average VSI -605 ft/m -819 ft/m min to max -453 ft/m	-819		-453 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 806 ft agl 689 ft agl min to max 946 ft agl	946		689 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.8 ° 1.0 ° min to max 3.1 °	1.0		3.1 °
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 18:17:28

Arrival Final 2

100 %

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 683 ft agl to 384 ft agl. A decrease of 300 ft in 24 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 3.5 ° 3.2 ° min to max 3.7 ° Target 3.0 °	3.2		3.5 °
100 %	Average speed 137 kn 136 kn min to max 137 kn	136		136 kn
100 %	Heading variation -0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.0		-0.1 °
100 %	Average bank angle 0.4 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.0 °	1.0		0.7 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.89 g min to max 1.08 g	1.03		1.07 g
Info	Average VSI -692 ft/m -1,102 ft/m min to max -299 ft/m	-384		-1,060 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 568 ft agl 384 ft agl min to max 683 ft agl	683		384 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.1 ° -0.6 ° min to max 3.1 °	3.1		0.6 °
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 18:17:36

Arrival Final 1

100 %

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 368 ft agl to 52 ft agl. A decrease of 316 ft in 21 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Approach angle 2.8 ° 2.7 ° min to max 3.5 ° Target 3.0 °	3.5		2.8 °
100 %	Average speed 136 kn 135 kn min to max 137 kn	136		136 kn
100 %	Heading variation 0.1 ° -0.1 ° min to max 0.1 °	-0.1		0.1 °
100 %	Average bank angle 0.6 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.0 °	0.7		0.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.92 g min to max 1.09 g	0.98		1.04 g
Info	Average VSI -739 ft/m -1,174 ft/m min to max -588 ft/m	-983		-588 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 105 ft agl 52 ft agl min to max 368 ft agl	368		52 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 1.8 ° -0.9 ° min to max 2.6 °	-0.2		2.6 °

Arrival Landing

100 %

Landing on runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport, runway length 2,951 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 136 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Threshold speed was slightly below target at 136 kn. Target 145 kn
100 %	Target 50 ft agl
100 %	Landing and flare profile
100 %	Heading variation 0.1 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.1 °	0.1		0.1 °
100 %	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.5 °	0.5		1.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.99 g min to max 1.09 g	1.04		0.99 g
Info	Average speed 135 kn 132 kn min to max 136 kn	136		132 kn
Info	Average VSI -378 ft/m -583 ft/m min to max -223 ft/m	-583		-223 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 13 ft agl 1 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl	32		1 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 3.6 ° 2.6 ° min to max 3.9 °	2.6		3.8 °
Info	GPWS Warning Activated at 18:18:19
Info	GPWS Warning Deactivated at 18:18:20

Arrival Touchdown

97.76 %

Touchdown distance was good at 398 m. Touchdown speed at 132 kn was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -223 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 0 kn at 29 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
95.76 %	Touchdown VSI was -223 ft/m.
100 %	Touchdown distance was 398 m Target 457 m
100 %	Speed at touchdown 132 kn Target 148 kn
92.11 %	Runway alignment max 5.21 m 5.14 m left	5.21		5.11 m
100 %	Average bank angle 1.4 ° 1.4 ° min to max 1.5 °	1.5		1.4 °
100 %	Average g force 1.09 g 0.99 g min to max 1.14 g	0.99		1.12 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 131 kn 131 kn min to max 132 kn	132		131 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 3.7 ° 3.6 ° min to max 3.8 °	3.8		3.6 °

Arrival Rollout

96.62 %

Total landing distance 2,177 m, 74 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 2,177 m 74 % of runway.
92.48 %	Runway alignment max 5.62 m 5.11 m left to 0.51 m right	5.10		3.03 m
100 %	Average g force 1.01 g 1.00 g min to max 1.11 g	1.11		1.00 g
Info	Average speed 110 kn 66 kn min to max 130 kn	130		66 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 1.6 ° -0.0 ° min to max 3.5 °	3.5		-0.0 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.3 ° 0.0 ° min to max 1.3 °	1.3		0.0 °

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 22 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 22 kn 9 kn min to max 65 kn	65		13 kn
Info	Average pitch angle -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.0		-0.1 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.1 °	0.0		0.0 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		1.00 g

Arrival Taxi

100 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 5 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 7 kn 0 kn min to max 13 kn	13		0 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 0 kn max 0 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average pitch angle -0.1 ° -0.2 ° min to max -0.0 °	-0.1		-0.1 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 °	0.0		0.0 °
Info	Flaps Position 4 at 18:20:21
Info	Flaps Position 3 at 18:20:28
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 18:20:29
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 18:20:30
Info	Strobe Lights Switched Off at 18:20:33
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 18:20:33
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 18:20:38
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 18:20:39
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 18:24:59

Takeoff on runway 34 at YMML Melbourne International Airport in the Airbus A380

98.41 %

100 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 16 minutes and covered 4 nm.

Taxi Lights

100 %

Switched On

Speed

100 %

Turn Speed

100 %

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

92.15 %

Takeoff Roll

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 1,017 m using 27.78 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 158 kn - Target 151 kn

Alignment

85.77 %

2.23 m left to 6.95 m right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

100 %

Switched On

Landing Lights

0 %

Switched On

100 %

Speed

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

100 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

99.99 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

99.95 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

99.91 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 34 YMML Melbourne International Airport.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

99.53 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

Landing on runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport in the Airbus A380

Landing Score 98.59 %

100 %

Final 4

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,225 ft agl to 959 ft agl. A decrease of 266 ft in 24 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Great heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

100 %

Final 3

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 946 ft agl to 689 ft agl. A decrease of 257 ft in 25 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Great heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

100 %

Final 2

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 683 ft agl to 384 ft agl. A decrease of 300 ft in 24 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

100 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 368 ft agl to 52 ft agl. A decrease of 316 ft in 21 seconds.

Glideslope

100 %

Excellent glideslope alignment

Heading

100 %

Excellent heading alignment

Glideslope

100 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

100 %

Bank

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

100 %

Landing

Landing on runway 05 at YPAD Adelaide International Airport, runway length 2,951 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 136 kn.

Height

100 %

Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

100 %

Threshold speed was slightly below target at 136 kt. Target 145 kt

Flare

100 %

Perfect landing flare

Heading

100 %

Bank