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LIPK
Forlì (FC), Italy
Runway 12
Elevation92 ft asl
Weight1,069 kg
Fuel140 kg
Wind290° · 14 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

98.57 %
LIPR
Rimini, Italy
Runway 31
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,043 kg
Fuel114 kg
Wind300° · 17 kn · 2 kn cross
28 Sep 2025 0:51 42 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 26 kg
Departure Score
96.52 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.19 %

What went well

Touched down at -228 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 224 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 20 ft and 76 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Runway alignment max 16.11 m left at 52 %, −0.88 points
Arrival Touchdown — Landing Bounce at 80 %, −0.20 points
Departure Climb 1 — Heading variation -1.3 ° at 94 %, −0.13 points

Next time

Departure

Apply small rudder corrections to track the centreline against a point at the far end of the runway.

What happened: The takeoff roll drifted 16 m off the centreline, and a heading variation of -1.3° usually follows into the initial climb.

Watch for: Heading indicator: wings-level runway heading held through the climb

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 12 at LIPK Forlì Airport, Average speed was 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 0 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.8 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.1 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl
Departure Roll 89.38Departure roll runway 12 at LIPK Forlì Airport. Takeoff distance 360 m 15 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kt. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 14 kt at 290 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 14 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 360 m15 % of runway
95 % Liftoff speed was 69 ktTarget 60 kt
52 % Runway alignment max 16.11 m left16.11 m left to 0.00 m left 5.57 15.91 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.17 g 0.99 1.17 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.1 ° min to max 7.8 ° 1.0 7.8 °
Info Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.3 1.3 °
Departure Climb 1 98.49Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12 LIPK Forlì Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading variation -1.3 °-1.5 ° min to max -1.0 ° -1.5 -1.0 °
100 % Average speed 70 kt68 kt min to max 73 kt 70 71 kt
99.9 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.91 g min to max 1.37 g 1.22 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 643 fpm494 fpm min to max 695 fpm 494 640 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 0 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °8.4 ° min to max 10.7 ° 8.4 8.7 °
Departure Climb 2 99.35Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 12 LIPK Forlì Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.4 ° -1.0 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt70 kt min to max 79 kt 71 76 kt
97 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.1 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 720 fpm587 fpm min to max 1,596 fpm 640 1,596 fpm
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 381 ft agl 49 381 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.4 ° min to max 11.9 ° 8.7 11.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 77 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 3 98.84Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 12 LIPK Forlì Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.4 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt73 kt min to max 86 kt 75 86 kt
94 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 1.9 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.78 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 0.86 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,453 fpm1,220 fpm min to max 1,745 fpm 1,629 1,399 fpm
Info Average altitude 695 ft agl408 ft agl min to max 982 ft agl 408 982 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.4 °9.7 ° min to max 13.6 ° 13.5 12.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LIPK Forlì Airport Forlì (FC) (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,098 ft asl to 3,968 ft asl, an increase of 2,870 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 82 kt76 kt min to max 100 kt 86 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 5.0 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.86 g min to max 1.25 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 924 fpm40 fpm min to max 1,463 fpm 1,229 66 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,908 ft asl1,098 ft asl min to max 3,968 ft asl 1,098 3,968 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.8 °3.9 ° min to max 16.1 ° 13.2 3.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,470 ft agl · 79 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,672 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,672 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2,672 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,686 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,695 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,695 ft agl · 90 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead LIUE Campo di Volo Settecrociari Panighina (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 31 minutes, covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±699 ft of 3,944 ft asl3,927 ft asl min to max 3,971 ft asl 3,971 3,955 ft asl
100 % Average speed 123 kt106 kt min to max 135 kt 106 116 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.3 °0.0 ° min to max 26.0 ° 0.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.94 g min to max 1.16 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.5 1.1 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport Rimini (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,952 ft asl to 3,455 ft asl, a decrease of 498 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 118 kt112 kt min to max 126 kt 116 126 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.1 ° min to max 12.4 ° 0.9 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -196 fpm-490 fpm min to max 34 fpm -43 -490 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,848 ft asl3,455 ft asl min to max 3,954 ft asl 3,952 3,455 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.5 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,918 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 3,918 ft agl · 122 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Misano Adriatico (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±669 ft of 2,949 ft asl2,813 ft asl min to max 3,372 ft asl 3,372 2,813 ft asl
100 % Average speed 109 kt94 kt min to max 128 kt 126 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.6 °0.1 ° min to max 24.8 ° 0.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-2.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° -1.2 -1.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,001 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,001 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,705 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,708 ft agl · 117 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,781 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,781 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,781 ft agl · 97 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Gradara (Marche, Italy). Descent from 2,740 ft asl to 1,381 ft asl, a decrease of 1,359 ft in 3 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 108 kt97 kt min to max 112 kt 99 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.1 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -532 fpm-892 fpm min to max -114 fpm -453 -892 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,782 ft asl1,381 ft asl min to max 2,740 ft asl 2,740 1,381 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-4.8 ° min to max -1.2 ° -2.2 -4.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 2,400 ft agl · 101 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,340 ft agl to 1,007 ft agl. A decrease of 333 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.1 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.1 °
100 % Average speed 111 kt107 kt min to max 115 kt 110 108 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -586 fpm-881 fpm min to max -354 fpm -881 -616 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,161 ft agl1,007 ft agl min to max 1,340 ft agl 1,340 1,007 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-4.7 ° min to max -2.1 ° -4.7 -3.6 °
33.253.53.7549009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 99.91Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 996 ft agl to 682 ft agl. A decrease of 314 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 108 kt105 kt min to max 112 kt 110 106 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
99.6 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.2 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.10 g 0.96 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -516 fpm-775 fpm min to max -197 fpm -645 -686 fpm
Info Average altitude 831 ft agl682 ft agl min to max 996 ft agl 996 682 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-3.9 ° min to max -0.4 ° -3.8 -3.1 °
22.252.52.7536006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 672 ft agl to 343 ft agl. A decrease of 330 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 99 kt85 kt min to max 111 kt 107 86 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.84 g min to max 1.14 g 1.05 0.88 g
Info Average VSI -475 fpm-780 fpm min to max -128 fpm -628 -326 fpm
Info Average altitude 493 ft agl343 ft agl min to max 672 ft agl 672 343 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-4.2 ° min to max -0.6 ° -2.6 -2.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 522 ft agl · 110 kt
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 334 ft agl to 31 ft agl. A decrease of 303 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.3 °1.4 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt76 kt min to max 88 kt 87 76 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -479 fpm-634 fpm min to max -244 fpm -476 -424 fpm
Info Average altitude 96 ft agl31 ft agl min to max 334 ft agl 334 31 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-3.8 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.8 -1.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 98.58Landing on runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport, runway length 2,376 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 76 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 76 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
94 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.01 m left0.01 m left to 0.00 m left 0.01 0.01 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.17 g 0.98 1.10 g
Info Average speed 69 kt61 kt min to max 79 kt 76 61 kt
Info Average VSI -174 fpm-433 fpm min to max -48 fpm -427 -228 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 22 ft agl 22 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-1.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° -1.0 4.8 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.85Touchdown distance was good at 224 m. Touchdown speed at 61 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -228 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 17 kt at 300 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Touchdown rate was -228 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 224 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 61 ktTarget below 69 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.48 m left1.24 m left 1.02 1.04 m
99 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.90 g min to max 1.25 g 1.10 1.07 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 58 kt52 kt min to max 61 kt 61 52 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °3.3 ° min to max 7.0 ° 4.8 3.3 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 345 m, 15 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 345 m15 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.90 m left1.90 m left to 0.00 m left 1.06 1.90 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g1.00 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 36 kt30 kt min to max 40 kt 40 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °1.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 3.1 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.1 1.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 43 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kt14 kt min to max 30 kt 30 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.9 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 1 ft agl · 42 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 7.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.4° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 30 kt 1.0° 0 s
Liftoff357 m · target 60 69 kt 7.4° 11.1 s
35 ft481 m · 3.0 s after liftoff 73 kt 8.5° 14.1 s
End of Climb 32,541 m · 982 ft 86 kt 12.0° 59.3 s

Takeoff from LIPK 12

Takeoff roll100.00
576m24 %
Liftoff speed94.55
69kttarget 60, 9 fast
Runway alignment52.38
16.11m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.49
642fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 982 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,704 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,220 fpm on average to 982 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,403 m runway.

Rolled from 217 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 16 m at the widest, and lifted off 16 m left. Airborne 23 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 15.97 m LROLL 217 M INAirborne 574 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 574 m of 2,403 m · 24 %
Behind the start of the roll, 217 mTakeoff roll, 357 m Left ahead, 1,828 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.2 nm, about 440 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPR 31

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 90 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,4057403802281,000 ft gate7 of 71,082 ft · 112 kt500 ft gate7 of 7568 ft · 107 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 26× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 14 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR37 m L037 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND14 m L4 m R7 m L1 m L1 m L13 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 38 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.7 nm, then fast to 1.2 nm (up to +36 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 76+33 kt+31 kt+13 kt+9 kt−0 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPR 31

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
20ft
Threshold speed100.00
76kton target
Centreline offset100.00
0.01m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
224m
Centreline100.00
1.48m L
Speed100.00
60kttarget 73 or less
Touchdown rate95.58
-228fpm
Impact100.00
1.25G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare94.33

Great landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 300° at 17 kt · 17 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 224 m in, 80 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −199 fpm · 4.8° nose up · 61 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 20 ft, down at 224 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 450 fpm at 19 ft to 200 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−199 fpm at touchdown4.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,376 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.5 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 224 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 224 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.25 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 259 m of 2,376 m · 11 %
In the air over the runway, 224 mRollout, 35 m Left over, 2,117 m
Rollout distance100.00
35m11 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.90m L

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Flight narrative

The flight began with the departure roll on runway 12 at Forlì Airport (LIPK) in a Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft. The takeoff distance was 360 meters, which was 15% of the runway length. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 69 knots.

As the aircraft climbed out of Forlì Airport, it reached an altitude of 3,968 feet above sea level, increasing from 1,098 feet by 2,870 feet in just 3 minutes. The climb covered a distance of 6 nautical miles and ended at a location near the Campo di Volo Settecrociari Panighina airfield.

The aircraft then entered a level cruise, lasting for 31 minutes and covering 19 nautical miles. This was followed by a short descent from 3,952 feet to 3,455 feet in 2 minutes, as the aircraft headed towards Federico Fellini International Airport (LIPR) in Rimini.

After leveling off at an altitude of 3,455 feet near the Misano Adriatico location, the aircraft began another short descent to 1,381 feet in just 3 minutes, as it headed towards Gradara. This descent covered a distance of 4 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 31 at LIPR was made from the southeast, with the aircraft flying at a heading of 308 degrees at an altitude of 1,340 feet. The touchdown distance was good, and the aircraft landed safely on the runway.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and a wind of 17 knots from a direction of 300 degrees. The crosswind was 2 knots, while the headwind was 17 knots. The threshold speed was slightly above the target at 76 knots.

The total landing distance was 345 meters, which was 15% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was perfect, indicating a smooth and controlled landing. The total flight distance was 42 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 51 minutes. The aircraft used 26 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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