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LPPR
Porto, Portugal
Runway 17
Elevation187 ft asl
Weight9,463 kg
Fuel1,094 kg
WindCalm

Flight Score

96.94 %
LESA
Salamanca, Spain
Runway 21
Elevation2,589 ft asl
Weight9,143 kg
Fuel759 kg
Wind140° · 7 kn · 6 kn cross
4 Dec 2024 1:23 185 nm Douglas DC-3 335 kg
Departure Score
96.68 %
Enroute Score
99.76 %
Arrival Score
94.38 %

What went well

Touched down at -133 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 310 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 31 ft and 75 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — bounce at touchdown; Runway alignment max 27.37 m at 48 %, −0.97 points
Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, −0.83 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 16.51 m at 51 %, Landing Bounce at 80 %, −0.44 points

Next time

Improve the rollout

See Arrival Rollout

A crosswind landing is a geometry problem. The air mass you're flying in is moving sideways across the runway, and you need your ground track down the centreline with your wheels aligned to it at the moment of contact. There are two techniques that will help, the crab and the sideslip.

Read more in Crosswind Landings in the Sim

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 87.59Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 14 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Average speed 18 kn0 kn min to max 26 kn 0 12 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
95 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.69 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.5 °11.0 ° min to max 11.9 ° 11.6 11.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.6 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Engine 1 Started 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 17 at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, Average speed was 12 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 16 kn 10 16 kn
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °11.5 ° min to max 12.8 ° 11.5 12.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.6 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.98 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 17 at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport. Takeoff distance 746 m 25 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 82 kn. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 0 kn at 243 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 746 m25 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 82 knTarget 80 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 5.32 m2.73 m left to 2.59 m right -2.49 2.05 m
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.92 g min to max 1.02 g 0.98 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °4.8 ° min to max 12.7 ° 12.6 5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 17 LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 87 kn82 kn min to max 90 kn 82 90 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 415 ft/m213 ft/m min to max 692 ft/m 213 692 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 58 ft agl 0 58 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.0 °5.9 ° min to max 10.2 ° 5.9 9.9 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 26 ft agl · 89 kt
Departure Climb 2 99.18Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 17 LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn90 kn min to max 95 kn 90 94 kn
97 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.9 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 552 ft/m362 ft/m min to max 1,149 ft/m 696 1,098 ft/m
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl59 ft agl min to max 409 ft agl 59 409 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.6 ° min to max 11.9 ° 9.8 11.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 90 ft agl · 92 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.64Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 17 LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.9 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.9 °
100 % Average speed 90 kn87 kn min to max 96 kn 93 96 kn
83 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.1 ° min to max 8.4 ° 1.8 8.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.86 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 0.88 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 964 ft/m454 ft/m min to max 1,377 ft/m 1,166 454 ft/m
Info Average altitude 715 ft agl428 ft agl min to max 936 ft agl 428 936 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °6.1 ° min to max 14.1 ° 12.3 6.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 836 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 836 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 836 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 851 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 851 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 930 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 930 ft agl · 97 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Senhora da Hora (Distrito do Porto, Portugal). Climbing from 1,152 ft asl to 10,674 ft asl, an increase of 9,522 ft in 12 minutes and covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 118 kn98 kn min to max 130 kn 98 114 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.4 °0.0 ° min to max 20.4 ° 8.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.11 g 0.85 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 686 ft/m-422 ft/m min to max 1,045 ft/m 211 768 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,904 ft asl1,129 ft asl min to max 10,674 ft asl 1,152 10,674 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °1.7 ° min to max 9.3 ° 4.2 5.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,005 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,005 ft agl · 102 kt
Enroute Level 98.58Enroute level cruise started overhead Perafita (Distrito do Porto, Portugal) and lasted 41 minutes, covering 119 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 10,927 ft asl10,803 ft asl min to max 10,961 ft asl 10,803 10,895 ft asl
100 % Average speed 133 kn114 kn min to max 138 kn 114 138 kn
96 % Average bank angle 5.7 °0.0 ° min to max 41.8 ° 0.8 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.32 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.7 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.8 1.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 9,197 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 9,197 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,298 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 9,933 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 9,933 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 9,907 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 9,907 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 9,955 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 9,955 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 10,360 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 10,360 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 8,632 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 8,632 ft agl · 165 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Madridanos (Castilla y Leon, Spain). Descent from 10,895 ft asl to 9,869 ft asl, a decrease of 1,026 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 150 kn138 kn min to max 159 kn 138 149 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 0.96 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -440 ft/m-825 ft/m min to max 53 ft/m -12 -97 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10,349 ft asl9,869 ft asl min to max 10,896 ft asl 10,895 9,869 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 8,766 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 8,766 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 7,510 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 7,510 ft agl · 188 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Peleagonzalo (Castilla y Leon, Spain) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 9,811 ft asl9,461 ft asl min to max 9,862 ft asl 9,862 9,461 ft asl
100 % Average speed 139 kn137 kn min to max 151 kn 146 151 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.5 °0.1 ° min to max 26.2 ° 0.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.84 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.1 -1.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7,460 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7,460 ft agl · 162 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles east of Villabuena del Puente (Castilla y Leon, Spain). Descent from 9,340 ft asl to 4,315 ft asl, a decrease of 5,024 ft in 4 minutes and covering 13 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 156 kn134 kn min to max 167 kn 155 134 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.0 ° min to max 21.7 ° 0.5 5.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -886 ft/m-1,690 ft/m min to max 41 ft/m -718 25 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,293 ft asl4,315 ft asl min to max 9,340 ft asl 9,340 4,315 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-4.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° -1.4 2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,872 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,872 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,680 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,680 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 1,662 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,662 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,695 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,695 ft agl · 154 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Canizal (Castilla y Leon, Spain) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,280 ft asl3,854 ft asl min to max 4,350 ft asl 4,317 3,854 ft asl
100 % Average speed 87 kn74 kn min to max 133 kn 133 79 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 14.8 ° 1.2 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °-2.6 ° min to max 7.9 ° 2.4 1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,576 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,607 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,541 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,541 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,471 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,466 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,403 ft agl · 94 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,257 ft agl to 952 ft agl. A decrease of 305 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °3.0 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 82 kn79 kn min to max 84 kn 79 82 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -438 ft/m-588 ft/m min to max -330 ft/m -461 -461 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,105 ft agl952 ft agl min to max 1,257 ft agl 1,257 952 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.6 1.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 768 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 768 ft agl · 87 kt
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 945 ft agl to 587 ft agl. A decrease of 358 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.8 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn82 kn min to max 85 kn 82 85 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -510 ft/m-741 ft/m min to max -276 ft/m -431 -558 ft/m
Info Average altitude 774 ft agl587 ft agl min to max 945 ft agl 945 587 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.8 1.2 °
22.252.52.7535005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 98.91Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 579 ft agl to 317 ft agl. A decrease of 262 ft in 42 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn79 kn min to max 84 kn 84 80 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.0 0.1 °
95 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 5.0 ° 0.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 1.08 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -373 ft/m-561 ft/m min to max -214 ft/m -464 -307 ft/m
Info Average altitude 455 ft agl317 ft agl min to max 579 ft agl 579 317 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.1 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.2 1.5 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 311 ft agl to 39 ft agl. A decrease of 272 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.5 °2.2 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn76 kn min to max 83 kn 81 76 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.2 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -393 ft/m-560 ft/m min to max -313 ft/m -347 -368 ft/m
Info Average altitude 89 ft agl39 ft agl min to max 311 ft agl 311 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.5 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.2 3.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport, runway length 2,516 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 76 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 76 kn. Target 80 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.3 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average speed 72 kn68 kn min to max 76 kn 76 68 kn
Info Average VSI -214 ft/m-366 ft/m min to max -133 ft/m -366 -133 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 32 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °3.3 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.3 7.0 °
07515022530037501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 89.36Touchdown distance was good at 309 m. Touchdown speed at 68 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -133 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 16.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 7 kn at 140 °. Crosswind: 6 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -133 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 309 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 68 knTarget 75 kn
51 % Runway alignment max 16.51 m13.53 m right -10.53 -16.51 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.12 g 1.03 1.07 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 66 kn64 kn min to max 68 kn 68 64 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °5.7 ° min to max 8.6 ° 7.0 6.5 °
Arrival Rollout 76.71Total landing distance 1,030 m, 41 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 17.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,030 m41 % of runway.
48 % Runway alignment max 27.37 m10.13 m left to 17.25 m right -16.57 4.63 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 58 kn35 kn min to max 64 kn 64 35 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °6.7 ° min to max 12.0 ° 6.7 11.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.6 0.4 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 10 ft agl · 63 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 10 ft agl · 55 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kn8 kn min to max 38 kn 33 13 kn
Info Average pitch angle 12.0 °11.8 ° min to max 12.2 ° 12.0 11.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.98 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 32 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 9 ft agl · 31 kt
Arrival Taxi 90.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kn0 kn min to max 24 kn 12 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 14 knmax 16 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °11.7 ° min to max 11.9 ° 11.8 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 81 kt with 5.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.9° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 15 kt 12.6° 0 s
Liftoff749 m 81 kt 5.9° 33.4 s
35 ft1,093 m · 7.5 s after liftoff 90 kt 9.0° 40.9 s
End of Climb 34,014 m · 936 ft 96 kt 6.1° 102 s

Takeoff from LPPR 17

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
746m25 %
Liftoff speed100.00
81kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.73m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
415fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 936 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 550 m of runway left; then climbing at 820 fpm on average to 936 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040506070KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 81 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,034 m runway.

Rolled from 1,391 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 2 m left. Airborne 70 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.67 m LROLL 1,391 M INAirborne 2,141 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,141 m of 3,034 m · 71 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,391 mTakeoff roll, 749 m Left ahead, 893 m

The approach to LESA 21

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3051,001644502358193
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 17× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 21 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR55 m L055 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1 m L11 m L4 m L5 m L5 m L6 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LESA 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
31ft
Threshold speed100.00
75kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.08m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
310m
Centreline50.93
16.51m R
Speed100.00
68kt
Touchdown rate98.86
-133fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

6 kt across from the left, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 68 kt. Touched down with the nose 9° into wind, wings level.

Wind 140° at 7 kt · 2 kt head · 6 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 31 ft, 19 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 310 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

31 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −133 fpm · 7° nose up · 68 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 31 ft, down at 310 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 360 fpm at 29 ft to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−133 fpm at touchdown7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,516 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 17 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 5.3 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 6 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 310 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 310 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.12 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 917 m of 2,516 m · 36 %
In the air over the runway, 310 mRollout, 608 m Left over, 1,599 m
Rollout distance100.00
608m36 % used
Rollout alignment48.24
17.25m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight in the Douglas DC-3 began with a 14-minute taxi from the parking area to the runway at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport. The departure roll on runway 17 covered 746 meters of the 25% of the runway length available. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 82 knots, with a temperature of 12°C and no significant wind.

The enroute climb started 1 mile northwest of Senhora da Hora, climbing from 1,152 feet above sea level to 10,674 feet, covering 19 nautical miles in 12 minutes. The level cruise portion of the flight began over Perafita and lasted 41 minutes, covering 119 nautical miles.

Descent commenced 1 mile west of Madridanos, descending from 10,895 feet to 9,869 feet over 2 minutes, covering 7 nautical miles. The next level cruise phase began 1 mile southeast of Peleagonzalo for 2 minutes and covered 6 nautical miles. Descend started 2 miles east of Villabuena del Puente descending from 9,340 feet to 4,315 feet on 4 minutes covering 13 nm and the next level cruise segment began overhead Canizal and lasted 6 minutes, covering 10 nm.

For the final approach to runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport, the aircraft approached from the northeast at 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,257 feet above ground level. The landing on runway 21 at LESA Salamanca Airport was smooth, with a good threshold height and touchdown speed of 68 knots. However, the touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 16.5 meters from the centerline. The total landing distance was 1,030 meters, with a slight misalignment of 17.2 meters from the centerline during runway rollout.

Taxiing back to the parking area from the runway took 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 185 nautical miles, lasting 83 minutes and consuming 335 kilograms of fuel.

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