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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 112 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 35 kt fast at 147 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 112 kt in the climb
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final so the speed settles to 54 kt well before the threshold, rather than still decelerating over it.
What happened: The approach was fast through the stabilisation gate, and the aircraft then crossed the threshold at 79 kt against the 54 kt target. Carrying that much extra energy over the numbers usually carries the touchdown point short, as it did here by 415 m.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 54 kt at the threshold
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 58 kt, 8 kt above the 50 kt target, and lifted off at 63 kt 0.7 s later, the nose coming up at 7.9° a second. Climb 3 averaged 147 kt, 35 kt over its 112 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 965 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 3,247 m of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 800 fpm on average to 965 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,986 m runway.
Rolled from 97 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 13 m at the widest, and lifted off 13 m left, in 8 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 5 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 300 ft gate: no landing flap set, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and speed more than 13 kt above the approach speed of 54 kt.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way, banked until 0.9 nm, no landing flap until 0.7 nm and left of the centreline until 0.6 nm.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 200 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 129 m left of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +64 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 164° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 64 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 4 s, an average deceleration of 0.41 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,224 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 25 ft, 243 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 55 ft, close to the 50 ft target; ballooned 3 ft from 10 ft. Touched down 42 m before the threshold.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,224 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Plan view — the full 1,224 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 42 m short of the threshold. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft departed from runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance was 223 m, which is 6 % of the runway. Rotation speed was 58 kt. The local weather at departure was temperature 16 °C, wind 8 kt from 164°, with a cross-wind component of 8 kt and a head-wind component of 1 kt.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 69 seconds, averaging 726 fpm and reaching 158 kt at the top of the climb. The flight then entered level flight at 1,300 ft asl for 15 minutes, covering 38 nm and beginning about 1 mile south of Kelsterbach.
Descent for the final approach to runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield began from 487 ft agl and continued to -28 ft agl in 42 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, glideslope, and speed, but not met for landing flap and sink rate. The aircraft was in final flap position 1 at 304 ft agl with a speed of 90 kt.
Landing was on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, whose length is 1,224 m. Touchdown occurred 42 m short of the threshold, which was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was 79 kt, and touchdown speed was 70 kt, noted as excessively fast. Touchdown rate was -159 fpm and alignment was very good. The flare was described as a great landing flare, with the aircraft flown onto the runway with little round-out. No bounce occurred.
Runway rollout covered 405 m, representing 33 % of the runway, and the aircraft finished slightly misaligned by 10.5 m from the centreline. The local weather at landing was temperature 16 °C, wind 8 kt from 164°, with a cross-wind component of 2 kt and a head-wind component of 8 kt.
The total flight distance was 42 nm, the flight time was 17 minutes, and fuel consumption was 5 kg.
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