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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Adjust your approach path so you touch down at the 1,500 ft aim point instead of beyond it.
What happened: Touchdown point came 485 ft past the target, landing at 1,985 ft against the 1,500 ft aim point. Landings that touch down this far beyond the aim point typically leave less runway available for stopping.
Watch for: Touchdown distance marker: 1,500 ft from the threshold.
Twenty knots on a monitor produces the visual sensation of about ten. The advice to "taxi at a walking pace" cannot fix this, because your sense of walking pace is exactly the thing that's broken. Put the groundspeed readout in your scan and obey it for the next fifty flights, the way a student pilot leans on the airspeed indicator before learning to read attitude.
Read more in How to Taxi AnywhereStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A slow rotation
The nose came up at 162 kt against the 160 kt rotate speed, and rose at 1.6° a second, slower than the 2 to 3 airliners use.
The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 9,559 ft runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 6 ft at the widest, and lifted off 3 ft left. Airborne 59 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 917 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,380 ft of runway left; gear up at 199 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,040 fpm on average to 917 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at: a trace steeper than both is a faster rotation, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.5°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 170 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 12× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 100 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 40 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +6 kt and +40 kt on the approach speed of 158 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Perfect landing flare
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 6,943 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 22 ft. Touched down 1,985 ft in, 985 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 6,943 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 370 fpm at the flare to 200 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down. Into the flare at 164 kt, 6 kt over the 158 kt approach speed, and 155 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 6,943 ft of the 11,080 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 12 ft left of the centreline, and steered back to 4 ft left by the end of the rollout. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 050° at 3 kt · 3 kt tail · 1 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
Touched down 1,985 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 162 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 42 s, an average deceleration of 0.17 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The MD-11 departed Newark Liberty International Airport (KEWR) on runway 22R. The take-off roll used 5,699 ft, about 60 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 160 kt. Local weather was 60 °F with a wind from 260° at 5 kt (crosswind 4 kt, headwind 3 kt).
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 25 seconds, averaging 1,886 fpm and reaching 185 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 999 ft asl to 33,372 ft asl in 17 minutes, covering 102 nm, beginning about 1 mile east of Elizabeth.
Cruise was level between 34,000 ft asl and 36,000 ft asl for 244 minutes, covering 1,919 nm, starting roughly 1 mile south-west of Rehrersburg.
Descent began from 36,005 ft asl to 1,255 ft asl in 19 minutes, covering 113 nm, with the descent start point 11 miles south of 5CA4 Ludlow Airport (Barstow).
On final approach to runway 25L at Los Angeles International Airport (KLAX), the aircraft descended from 1,168 ft agl to 23 ft agl in 79 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. Configuration on final was gear down at 1,958 ft agl and 250 kt; final flap position 6 was selected at 917 ft agl and 193 kt.
Landing occurred on runway 25L (runway length 11,080 ft). The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 164 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown was 606 ft beyond the touchdown zone, at 155 kt, with a fair rate of -206 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly off centreline by 13 ft. Local weather was 84 °F with a wind from 359° at 4 kt (crosswind 3 kt, headwind 0 kt). No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 6,669 ft, about 60 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 5 minutes, covering 1 nm. The overall flight covered 2,145 nm in 296 minutes and used 91,135 lb of fuel.
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