Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway to track the centreline.
What happened: The aircraft drifted off the centreline during the landing roll.
Watch for: Heading indicator: wings aligned with the runway centreline
See Arrival Landing
A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.
Read more in Pattern WorkStart to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 48 kt, 5 kt below the 53 kt target, and lifted off at 49 kt 0.2 s later with 3.1° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 295 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,807 m of runway left; then climbing at 480 fpm on average to 295 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 2,614 m runway.
Rolled from 508 m in, never more than 1.4 m off the centreline. Airborne 22 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 75 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Off heading: 8° from the leg's heading on average.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkLow on downwind: 841 ft against 1,000 ft, 159 ft below.
Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 2.8° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 430 ft over).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 2.8° here, which is about 300 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.6 nm, then drifted 21 m right between 0.6 and 0.2 nm, then 49 m left of it from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −2 kt and +10 kt on the approach speed of 53 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.5 points, for touching down 8.5° above the aircraft's ground attitude.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 41 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 34 ft, 16 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 26 ft. Touched down 347 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 360 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,614 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.7 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.4 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 347 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 152 departed runway 11 at MDST Cibao International Airport, executing a departure roll of 590 m which represented 23 % of the available runway. Liftoff was achieved at 49 kt under calm conditions with a temperature of 15 °C, wind 1 kt from 270°, no cross-wind and a 1 kt tail-wind component.
The aircraft entered a left-hand pattern from runway 11, covering less than 1 nm in 59 seconds.
A left-hand pattern crosswind leg followed, also less than 1 nm and completed in 22 seconds.
During the pattern downwind turn the aircraft described a 1 nm arc with an angle to the runway of 48.5°.
The downwind leg extended 3 nm and was flown in 147 seconds.
The base turn was a 1 nm maneuver with an angle to the runway of 34.9°.
The base leg was less than 1 nm and lasted 25 seconds.
A final turn of less than 1 nm was completed in 22 seconds.
On final approach to runway 11 from the west the aircraft maintained a heading of 99.0° at 0 nm and 447 ft AGL.
Landing was made on runway 11, whose length is 2,614 m; the threshold speed was slightly below the target at 51 kt. Touchdown occurred 345 m down the runway at 29 kt with a smooth descent rate of minus 104 fpm, and the touchdown point was offset 6.2 m from the centreline. The total landing distance measured 496 m, representing 19 % of the runway.
Runway rollout alignment was reported as very good.
In total the flight covered 7 nm, required 7 units of time as recorded, and consumed 1 kg of fuel.
Scroll or drag the slider to zoom · double-click to reset · hover for values