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LIKO
Italy
Runway 03
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight1,212 kg
Fuel139 kg
Wind341° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

90.86 %
LIKO
Italy
Runway 21
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight1,188 kg
Fuel117 kg
Wind10° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross
8 Oct 2025 0:53 57 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 23 kg
Departure Score
97.02 %
Enroute Score
97.25 %
Arrival Score
78.30 %

What went well

Touched down at -129 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 315 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.20 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 4.3 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 6.7 ° at 90 %, −1.52 points
Arrival Final 3 — Approach angle 4.2 ° at 12 %, Heading variation 3.7 ° at 77 %, −1.48 points
Arrival Final 4 — Approach angle 4.3 ° at 10 %, Heading variation 5.4 ° at 71 %, −1.45 points

Next time

Hold the approach angle

See Arrival Final 2

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 25 stages, 21 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, Average speed was 28 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 0 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.3 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.5 1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 97.64Departure roll runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. Takeoff distance 280 m 41 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 2 kt at 341 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 280 m41 % of runway
88 % Liftoff speed was 71 ktTarget 60 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.22 m left2.22 m left to 0.00 m left 1.57 2.22 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.6 ° min to max 7.8 ° 1.5 7.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.3 1.0 °
Departure Climb 1 99.76Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 71 kt70 kt min to max 71 kt 71 70 kt
99 % Average bank angle 1.8 °1.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.0 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.86 g min to max 1.26 g 1.14 0.86 g
Info Average VSI 664 fpm446 fpm min to max 811 fpm 446 795 fpm
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 46 ft agl 0 46 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °8.2 ° min to max 11.9 ° 8.2 9.5 °
Departure Climb 2 97.60Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.7 ° -0.3 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt70 kt min to max 88 kt 70 88 kt
99 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.86 g min to max 1.05 g 0.86 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 669 fpm347 fpm min to max 790 fpm 790 592 fpm
Info Average altitude 121 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 382 ft agl 46 382 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °6.8 ° min to max 10.3 ° 9.4 8.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 61 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 322 ft agl · 79 kt
Departure Climb 3 93.07Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Heading variation 4.0 °3.2 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.2 5.2 °
100 % Average speed 88 kt85 kt min to max 90 kt 89 85 kt
86 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.2 ° min to max 7.5 ° 0.3 7.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.80 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 884 fpm676 fpm min to max 1,062 fpm 676 914 fpm
Info Average altitude 535 ft agl394 ft agl min to max 665 ft agl 394 665 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °8.2 ° min to max 11.8 ° 8.8 9.8 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 790 ft asl to 1,002 ft asl, an increase of 212 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 87 kt85 kt min to max 88 kt 85 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.3 °7.9 ° min to max 14.0 ° 7.9 14.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 0.94 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 687 fpm606 fpm min to max 869 fpm 869 723 fpm
Info Average altitude 898 ft asl790 ft asl min to max 1,002 ft asl 790 1,002 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.6 °8.2 ° min to max 9.2 ° 9.2 9.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of LIWL Aviosuperficie Villa Fontana Villa Fontana (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±551 ft of 1,148 ft asl1,015 ft asl min to max 1,180 ft asl 1,015 1,143 ft asl
100 % Average speed 119 kt88 kt min to max 128 kt 88 126 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.1 ° 14.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.5 ° min to max 9.1 ° 9.0 1.8 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 3 miles north east of Medicina-Buda (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,147 ft asl to 2,992 ft asl, an increase of 1,846 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 118 kt98 kt min to max 128 kt 126 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.82 g min to max 1.19 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 474 fpm-168 fpm min to max 1,617 fpm 207 466 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,432 ft asl1,127 ft asl min to max 2,992 ft asl 1,147 2,992 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °0.8 ° min to max 9.5 ° 1.8 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2,780 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,780 ft agl · 100 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Argenta (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±653 ft of 3,037 ft asl2,817 ft asl min to max 3,125 ft asl 3,050 2,909 ft asl
100 % Average speed 123 kt110 kt min to max 140 kt 110 121 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.4 °0.1 ° min to max 23.1 ° 6.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.65 g min to max 1.22 g 0.65 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-9.0 ° min to max 5.5 ° 3.1 2.8 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 3 miles south west of Ostellato (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 2,941 ft asl to 4,046 ft asl, an increase of 1,105 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 105 kt97 kt min to max 120 kt 120 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.6 °1.1 ° min to max 18.6 ° 7.9 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 841 fpm-91 fpm min to max 1,178 fpm 430 -91 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,424 ft asl2,941 ft asl min to max 4,046 ft asl 2,941 4,046 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °1.4 ° min to max 8.4 ° 3.4 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles south east of Portomaggiore (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,989 ft asl to 3,019 ft asl, a decrease of 971 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 126 kt114 kt min to max 132 kt 122 117 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.0 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.81 g min to max 1.36 g 0.98 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -780 fpm-1,392 fpm min to max 280 fpm -351 143 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,380 ft asl2,939 ft asl min to max 3,989 ft asl 3,989 3,019 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-4.7 ° min to max 4.1 ° -0.4 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 3 72.71Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north east of Argenta (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 12 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±654 ft of 3,042 ft asl2,744 ft asl min to max 3,223 ft asl 3,074 3,114 ft asl
0 % Average speed 99 kt48 kt min to max 132 kt 114 60 kt
82 % Average bank angle 17.9 °0.0 ° min to max 48.8 ° 0.5 1.3 °
98 % Average g force 1.11 g0.63 g min to max 1.58 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °-10.0 ° min to max 15.8 ° 2.8 8.3 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 3,055 ft agl · 71 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,907 ft agl · 62 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,967 ft agl · 67 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 3,018 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,988 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,805 ft agl · 65 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,770 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,709 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,693 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,689 ft agl · 79 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,008 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,964 ft agl · 61 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,904 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,837 ft agl · 79 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,110 ft agl · 64 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,117 ft agl · 60 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,062 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,027 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,120 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,102 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,047 ft agl · 71 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,019 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,002 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,971 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,965 ft agl · 61 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,987 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,986 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,965 ft agl · 64 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,937 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,920 ft agl · 69 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,902 ft agl · 70 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,904 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,908 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,912 ft agl · 67 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,928 ft agl · 59 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,835 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3,006 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,919 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,814 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,802 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,793 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,019 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,073 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,081 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,909 ft agl · 60 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 2,916 ft agl · 63 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,924 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,977 ft agl · 70 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,145 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,153 ft agl · 79 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,183 ft agl · 77 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Ostellato (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,092 ft asl to 2,630 ft asl, a decrease of 462 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 100 kt48 kt min to max 157 kt 48 121 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.65 g min to max 1.07 g 0.93 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -432 fpm-7,030 fpm min to max 1,720 fpm -380 794 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,937 ft asl2,475 ft asl min to max 3,125 ft asl 3,092 2,630 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-29.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 5.4 5.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 3,034 ft agl · 61 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 3,040 ft agl · 65 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,066 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,158 ft agl · 82 kt
Enroute Level 4 99.80Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Ostellato (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±643 ft of 3,320 ft asl2,862 ft asl min to max 3,618 ft asl 2,862 3,298 ft asl
100 % Average speed 116 kt94 kt min to max 130 kt 106 120 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °0.1 ° min to max 26.6 ° 1.8 19.8 °
98 % Average g force 1.03 g0.43 g min to max 1.36 g 1.01 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-4.6 ° min to max 16.1 ° 9.1 -1.0 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south of LINN Aviosuperficie Molinella Molinella (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,289 ft asl to 1,861 ft asl, a decrease of 1,428 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 124 kt109 kt min to max 139 kt 120 137 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.0 °0.0 ° min to max 19.8 ° 19.6 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.86 g min to max 1.29 g 1.17 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -448 fpm-1,532 fpm min to max 898 fpm -547 -1,155 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,883 ft asl1,861 ft asl min to max 3,373 ft asl 3,289 1,861 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-4.6 ° min to max 6.3 ° -0.6 -2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 69.63Approaching runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,738 ft agl to 1,332 ft agl. A decrease of 405 ft in 22 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
10 % Approach angle 4.3 °4.2 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 134 kt132 kt min to max 137 kt 137 132 kt
71 % Heading variation 5.4 °5.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 5.0 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 4.1 ° 1.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,058 fpm-1,279 fpm min to max -967 fpm -1,142 -1,279 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,538 ft agl1,332 ft agl min to max 1,738 ft agl 1,738 1,332 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-4.4 ° min to max -2.7 ° -2.7 -4.2 °
33.253.53.7541,3001,3501,4001,4501,5001,5501,6001,6501,700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-910-683-455-2280228455683910Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 68.97Approaching runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,310 ft agl to 887 ft agl. A decrease of 423 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
12 % Approach angle 4.2 °4.1 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 127 kt121 kt min to max 132 kt 132 121 kt
77 % Heading variation 3.7 °1.4 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 1.4 °
88 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.4 ° min to max 7.5 ° 7.5 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.08 g 0.96 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -951 fpm-1,380 fpm min to max -507 fpm -1,336 -1,083 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,097 ft agl887 ft agl min to max 1,310 ft agl 1,310 887 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-4.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -4.2 -3.3 °
22.252.52.7538509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-610-458-305-1530153305458610Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 67.98Approaching runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 870 ft agl to 446 ft agl. A decrease of 423 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.3 °4.2 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt95 kt min to max 121 kt 121 95 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-1.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 -1.0 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 5.3 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.83 g min to max 1.16 g 1.05 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -805 fpm-1,055 fpm min to max -536 fpm -1,055 -819 fpm
Info Average altitude 658 ft agl446 ft agl min to max 870 ft agl 870 446 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-4.6 ° min to max -1.8 ° -2.8 -2.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 867 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 838 ft agl · 120 kt
11.251.51.752400450500550600650700750800850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 49.72Not counted in the flight scoreApproaching runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 421 ft agl to 291 ft agl. A decrease of 130 ft in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 13.0 °4.0 ° min to max 69.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.2 47.2 °
100 % Average speed 86 kt75 kt min to max 94 kt 94 75 kt
0 % Heading variation -1.7 °-6.0 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.8 -6.0 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.9 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.27 g 1.01 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -235 fpm-910 fpm min to max 374 fpm -761 106 fpm
Info Average altitude 273 ft agl200 ft agl min to max 421 ft agl 421 291 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-3.1 ° min to max 6.6 ° -2.5 4.5 °

Events

Fail Gear not down
Info Landing Gear Up 215 ft agl · 85 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 287 ft agl · 76 kt
Arrival Landing 35.24Not counted in the flight scoreLanding on runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, runway length 678 m. Threshold height at 294 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 77 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 77 kt. Target 70 kt
0 % Threshold height at 294 ft agl was excessively over target.Target 37 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
0 % Runway alignment max 54.85 m right54.83 m left to 54.85 m right -2.04 -0.23 m
52 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.0 ° min to max 20.1 ° 2.4 5.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.63 g min to max 1.25 g 0.91 0.97 g
Info Average speed 90 kt77 kt min to max 108 kt 77 99 kt
Info Average VSI 15 fpm-778 fpm min to max 1,047 fpm -3 -778 fpm
Info Average altitude 788 ft agl278 ft agl min to max 1,122 ft agl 294 426 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-3.5 ° min to max 10.4 ° 3.7 -3.5 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 368 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 368 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 868 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 878 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 887 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 883 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,080 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,072 ft agl · 110 kt
Arrival Final 1 82.39Approaching runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 407 ft agl to 24 ft agl. A decrease of 384 ft in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
26 % Approach angle 3.0 °1.3 ° min to max 4.7 °Target 3.0 ° 4.6 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 97 kt95 kt min to max 102 kt 98 95 kt
93 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.7 -0.2 °
93 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 2.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.82 g min to max 1.12 g 0.96 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -1,137 fpm-1,281 fpm min to max -602 fpm -844 -1,143 fpm
Info Average altitude 119 ft agl24 ft agl min to max 407 ft agl 407 24 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-5.9 ° min to max -1.2 ° -3.6 -3.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 85.92Landing on runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, runway length 678 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 95 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
46 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 95 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 37 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.06 m right0.00 m left to 0.06 m right -0.06 -0.03 m
94 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.4 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.93 g min to max 1.34 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 90 kt84 kt min to max 95 kt 95 84 kt
Info Average VSI -359 fpm-1,134 fpm min to max -14 fpm -1,134 -56 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl9 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 27 9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-3.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° -3.5 2.7 °
07515022530037508.9918273645Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.55Touchdown point was very long using more than 50% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 84 kt was fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -56 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 3 kt at 9 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -56 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 315 mTarget 378 m
84 % Speed at touchdown 84 ktTarget below 70 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.55 m right0.42 m right -0.55 -0.20 m
94 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.2 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.00 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 83 kt82 kt min to max 84 kt 84 82 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.3 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.7 2.3 °
Arrival Rollout 76.65Total landing distance 582 m, 86 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
57 % Landing distance 582 m86 % of runway.
93 % Runway alignment max 4.99 m left4.99 m left to 0.14 m right -0.14 4.91 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 79 kt47 kt min to max 85 kt 85 47 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.7 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 2.8 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 21 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kt7 kt min to max 42 kt 42 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 7.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.0° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 41 kt 1.5° 0 s
Liftoff275 m · target 60 70 kt 7.0° 9.4 s
35 ft392 m · 3.3 s after liftoff 70 kt 10.8° 12.7 s
End of Climb 32,543 m · 666 ft 85 kt 9.9° 66 s

Takeoff from LIKO 03

Takeoff roll100.00
333m49 %
Liftoff speed88.18
70kttarget 60, 10 fast
Runway alignment100.00
2.22m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.76
663fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 666 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 232 m of runway left; then climbing at 710 fpm on average to 666 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 ktSCALE CHANGES1.9 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.

Rolled from 54 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.1 m left. Airborne 48 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 2.05 m LROLL 54 M INAirborne 329 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 329 m of 678 m · 49 %
Behind the start of the roll, 54 mTakeoff roll, 275 m Left ahead, 349 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: left of the centreline until 1.0 nm, fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIKO 21

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 170 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND547320500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline663 ft · 87 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 919 m left of the centreline at 1.8 nm, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND31 m L9 m R538 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +21 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 81+13 kt+21 kt+14 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIKO 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
26ft
Threshold speed46.05
95kttarget 81, 14 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
315m
Centreline100.00
0.55m R
Speed84.27
83kttarget 79, 4 fast
Touchdown rate100.00
-129fpm
Impact100.00
1.09G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 010° at 3 kt · 3 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 86 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.29 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 240 m30 kt · 325 mtouchdown338 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 678 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 26 ft, 24 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 315 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 678 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

26 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −129 fpm · 2.7° nose up · 84 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 26 ft, down at 315 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 990 fpm at 23 ft to 130 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−129 fpm at touchdown2.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 678 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 4.7 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 315 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 315 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 554 m of 678 m · 82 %
In the air over the runway, 315 mRollout, 239 m Left over, 124 m
Rollout distance72.87
239m82 % used
Rollout alignment92.91
4.99m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft departed from runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, taking off with a speed of 71 kt and covering a distance of 280 m, which is 41% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 19 °C and a wind speed of 2 kt at 341°, resulting in a crosswind of 2 kt and a headwind of 1 kt.

After taking off, the aircraft began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile north east of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. The climb was steep, with an increase of 212 ft in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nm. The aircraft then leveled off and entered a cruise phase, lasting 3 minutes and covering 5 nm. This pattern of climb and cruise was repeated several times throughout the flight, with the aircraft climbing to higher altitudes and then leveling off to cruise.

The aircraft climbed from 1,147 ft asl to 2,992 ft asl in 3 minutes, covering 6 nm, and then leveled off for 6 minutes, covering 8 nm. It climbed again from 2,941 ft asl to 4,046 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 2 nm, and then began its descent from 3,989 ft asl to 3,019 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 2 nm. The aircraft continued to climb and descend throughout the flight, with each phase lasting several minutes and covering varying distances.

The final approach to runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni was made from the north east, with the aircraft heading 217.0° at 4 nm and 1,738 ft agl. The landing was made on runway 21, which has a length of 678 m. The threshold height was excessively over target, but the threshold speed was slightly above target at 77 kt. However, the second landing attempt resulted in a good threshold height, but the threshold speed was excessively high at 95 kt.

The touchdown point was very long, using more than 50% of the available runway. The touchdown speed was 84 kt, which is fast, but the touchdown rate was excellent at -56 fpm. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 19 °C and a wind speed of 3 kt at 9°, resulting in a crosswind of 1 kt and a tailwind of 2 kt.

The total landing distance was 582 m, which is 86% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was very good. The total flight distance was 57 nm, taking 53 minutes, and the aircraft used 23 kg of fuel throughout the flight.

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