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YBNA
Ballina, Australia
Runway 24
Elevation7 ft asl
Weight71,124 kg
Fuel4,713 kg
Wind230° · 1 kn

Flight Score

98.40 %
YBBN
Brisbane, Australia
Runway 19L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight69,734 kg
Fuel3,234 kg
Wind280° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
3 Nov 2026 0:32 116 nm Airbus A321ceo 1,479 kg
Departure Score
98.92 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
96.27 %

What went well

Flare on profile — 100 %
Rollout controlled — 39 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 7.59 m off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 687 m at 75 %, Touchdown rate was -263 fpm at 79 %, −0.53 points
Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 86 %, 500 ft gate 100 %, −0.48 points
Departure Roll — Runway alignment max 9.19 m right at 82 %, −0.28 points

Next time

Departure

Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.

What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 9.2 m off the runway centreline.

Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Adjust your approach path so you touch down at the 457 m aim point instead of beyond it.

What happened: Touchdown point came 230 m past the target, landing at 687 m against the 457 m aim point. Landings that touch down this far beyond the aim point typically leave less runway available for stopping.

Watch for: Touchdown distance marker: 457 m from the threshold.

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 0 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 4 ktmax 4 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 24 at YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport, Average speed was 11 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt6 kt min to max 20 kt 6 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.4 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 95.87Departure roll runway 24 at YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport. Takeoff distance 1,075 m 57 % of runway. Rotation speed was 136 kt. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 1 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,075 m57 % of runway
98 % Rotation speed was 136 ktTarget 150 kt
82 % Runway alignment max 9.19 m right0.09 m left to 9.19 m right -5.02 0.09 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.97 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 7.1 ° -0.1 7.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 154 kt146 kt min to max 161 kt 146 161 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g0.97 g min to max 1.24 g 0.97 1.24 g
Info Average VSI 542 fpm139 fpm min to max 1,074 fpm 139 1,074 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °7.2 ° min to max 13.3 ° 7.2 13.3 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 164 kt161 kt min to max 170 kt 161 170 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.18 g0.97 g min to max 1.25 g 1.25 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,805 fpm1,118 fpm min to max 3,029 fpm 1,118 3,029 fpm
Info Average altitude 85 ft agl29 ft agl min to max 307 ft agl 29 307 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.7 °12.8 ° min to max 14.0 ° 13.4 12.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 126 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 126 ft agl · 168 kt
Departure Climb 3 98.71Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 24 YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 175 kt171 kt min to max 180 ktTarget 168 kt, 7 kt fast 171 180 kt
94 % Average bank angle 5.1 °0.2 ° min to max 26.3 ° 0.3 26.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.04 g
100 % Landing gear up at 60 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average VSI 3,163 fpm3,058 fpm min to max 3,232 fpm 3,058 3,197 fpm
Info Average altitude 598 ft agl355 ft agl min to max 885 ft agl 355 885 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.5 °12.2 ° min to max 12.8 ° 12.8 12.8 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Cumbalum (State of New South Wales, Australia). Climbing from 953 ft asl to 14,008 ft asl, an increase of 13,056 ft in 6 minutes and covering 31 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 236 kt181 kt min to max 340 kt 181 340 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.1 °0.0 ° min to max 28.6 ° 28.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.83 g min to max 1.13 g 1.10 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 2,565 fpm-13 fpm min to max 3,548 fpm 3,186 -7 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,196 ft asl953 ft asl min to max 14,011 ft asl 953 14,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °0.6 ° min to max 13.0 ° 13.0 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 2-7 min to max 16 15 -1

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 2,577 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,061 ft agl · 225 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,024 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,339 ft agl · 308 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Bogangar (State of New South Wales, Australia) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,200 ft of 14,015 ft asl13,992 ft asl min to max 14,036 ft asl 14,008 13,992 ft asl
100 % Average speed 331 kt273 kt min to max 341 kt 340 273 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 5.5 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 1 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.6 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.7 1.4 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles east of Jacobs Well (State of Queensland, Australia). Descent from 13,919 ft asl to 3,246 ft asl, a decrease of 10,673 ft in 8 minutes and covering 36 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 234 kt182 kt min to max 266 kt 266 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.3 °0.0 ° min to max 22.1 ° 0.3 6.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.11 g 0.96 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -1,096 fpm-2,123 fpm min to max -350 fpm -448 -1,706 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,532 ft asl3,246 ft asl min to max 13,919 ft asl 13,919 3,246 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-5.7 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.4 -3.8 °
Info Turn coordination -1-8 min to max 6 0 -2

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,338 ft agl · 292 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5,078 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4,114 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 4,045 ft agl · 210 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 3,670 ft agl · 199 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 7 miles west of Moreton Island (State of Queensland, Australia) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±661 ft of 3,030 ft asl2,839 ft asl min to max 3,219 ft asl 3,219 2,839 ft asl
100 % Average speed 169 kt153 kt min to max 181 kt 181 155 kt
100 % Average bank angle 20.5 °0.3 ° min to max 30.5 ° 9.8 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.92 g min to max 1.20 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination -5-13 min to max 2 -4 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-3.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° -3.3 -0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 3,000 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,011 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,898 ft agl · 168 kt
Enroute Descent 2 99.99Enroute descent started 5 miles east of Woody Point (State of Queensland, Australia). Descent from 2,721 ft asl to 1,178 ft asl, a decrease of 1,543 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 149 kt143 kt min to max 152 kt 148 146 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.9 0.2 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.01 g0.64 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 0.64 g
Info Average VSI -832 fpm-1,246 fpm min to max 814 fpm -858 444 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,499 ft asl1,077 ft asl min to max 2,721 ft asl 2,721 1,178 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.1 ° min to max 5.8 ° -0.5 -1.5 °
Info Turn coordination -1-9 min to max 8 -1 -3
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 19L at YBBN Brisbane International Airport. Descent from 1,067 ft agl to 87 ft agl in 97 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
50 % Sink ratefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 98.89Landing on runway 19L at YBBN Brisbane International Airport, runway length 3,562 m. Threshold height at 56 ft agl was slightly above target. Threshold speed was good at 145 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 145 kt. Target 140 kt
97 % Threshold height at 56 ft agl was slightly above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 687 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.
95 % Runway alignment max 9.24 m right6.93 m right to 9.24 m right -9.24 -6.93 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Peak g force 1.10 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 0.97 g
Info Average speed 140 kt134 kt min to max 145 kt 145 134 kt
Info Average VSI -416 fpm-712 fpm min to max -164 fpm -712 -235 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl-8 ft agl min to max 56 ft agl 56 -8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °0.9 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.9 4.7 °
07515022530037545052560067575082501123344557Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.03Touchdown point was 269 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 134 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -263 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 6.9 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 23 °C. Wind 2 kt at 280 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
79 % Touchdown rate was -263 fpm.
75 % Touchdown distance was 687 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 134 ktTarget below 136 kt
99.7 % Runway alignment max 6.93 m right6.87 m right -6.93 -6.81 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
99 % Peak g force 1.26 g0.97 g min to max 1.26 g 0.97 1.17 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 133 kt133 kt min to max 134 kt 134 133 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °4.7 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.7 4.7 °
Arrival Rollout 97.58Total landing distance 1,412 m, 40 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.4 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,412 m40 % of runway.
95 % Runway alignment max 8.44 m right0.00 m left to 8.44 m right -6.60 -7.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.00 g
Info Average speed 104 kt68 kt min to max 134 kt 134 68 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-0.7 ° min to max 5.0 ° 4.7 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 44 kt25 kt min to max 68 kt 68 25 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.7 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 25 kt 25 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 16 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 9 ft agl · 15 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 136 kt, 14 kt below the 150 kt target, and lifted off at 145 kt 2.2 s later, the nose coming up at 2.9° a second. Climb 3 averaged 175 kt, 7 kt over its 168 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 168210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1507.2° off · 2.9°/s14° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 24 kt -0.1° 0 s
80 kt237 m 80 kt 0.3° 7.9 s
Rotate808 m · target 150 136 kt 0.9° 17.9 s
Liftoff969 m · +9 kt from rotation 145 kt 7.2° 20.1 s
35 ft1,342 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 162 kt 13.7° 24.7 s
Gear up1,420 m · 60 ft · full marks to 400 ft 164 kt 14.0° 25.6 s
Climb 31,989 m · 355 ft to 885 ft · target 168 175 kt avg 12.8° 32.7 s
End of Climb 32,897 m · 885 ft 180 kt 12.8° 42.2 s

Takeoff from YBNA 24

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,075m57 %
Rotation speed97.60
136kttarget 150, 14 slow
Liftoff speed
145kt
Runway alignment81.75
9.19m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
60ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
175kttarget 168
Rate of climb100.00
541fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 885 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 444 m of runway left; gear up at 60 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,400 fpm on average to 885 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3175 kt avgtarget 168THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 136 kttarget 150Liftoff 145 ktGear up 60 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,896 m runway.

Rolled from 110 m in, drifted 9.2 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 56 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 9.23 m RROLL 110 M INAirborne 1,079 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,079 m of 1,896 m · 57 %
Behind the start of the roll, 110 mTakeoff roll, 969 m Left ahead, 817 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 85.716 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,380 fpm620 fpm
On glideslope2.8°2.6°
On centreline0.1° off0.9° off
On speed+3.1 kt−0.9 kt
Wings level1° bank3° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 3.1 to 0.3 nm, then not again: right of the centreline from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to YBBN 19L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 280 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,0375803722571,000 ft gate6 of 7sink rate961 ft · 143 kt500 ft gate7 of 7462 ft · 139 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 8× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.3 nm, then 9 m right of it from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR119 m L0119 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND26 m R34 m R20 m R10 m R14 m L46 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +10 kt on the approach speed of 140 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 140+10 kt+3 kt−0 kt+1 kt+5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on YBBN 19L

Over the threshold

Threshold height97.47
56ft
Threshold speed100.00
144kttarget 140, 4 fast
Centreline offset95.28
9.24m R

Touchdown

Past threshold74.84
687m
Centreline99.68
6.93m R
Speed100.00
133kttarget 136 or less
Touchdown rate79.40
-263fpm
Impact99.43
1.26G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 687 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 280° at 2 kt · 0 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 136 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.28 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 774 m30 kt · 893 mtouchdown928 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 56 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 32 ft. Touched down 687 m in, 382 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

56 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 32 ft · −587 fpm · 2.1° · 143 ktdescent slowed at 12 ft · −130 fpm · 4.2°−263 fpm · 4.7° nose up · 134 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 56 ft, down at 687 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 590 fpm at the flare to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−263 fpm at touchdown4.7° at touchdown, +2.6° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,562 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6.8 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 8.4 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 687 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 687 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,377 m of 3,562 m · 39 %
In the air over the runway, 687 mRollout, 689 m Left over, 2,185 m
Rollout distance100.00
689m39 % used
Rollout alignment94.63
8.44m R

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Flight narrative

The Airbus A321-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 24 at YBNA Ballina Byron Gateway Airport in 6 minutes, covering 1 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 24 with a take-off distance of 1,075 m (57 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 136 kt. Local weather was 25 °C, wind 1 kt from 230°, with 0 kt crosswind and 1 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 20 seconds, averaging 2,164 fpm and reaching 180 kt at the top of the climb.

The climb continued from 953 ft asl to 14,008 ft asl in 6 minutes, covering 31 nm, beginning 1 mile south-east of Cumbalum.

Level flight was maintained at 14,000 ft asl for 5 minutes, covering 33 nm, beginning 1 mile west of Bogangar.

Descent from 13,919 ft asl to 1,178 ft asl lasted 11 minutes and covered 45 nm, beginning 3 miles east of Jacobs Well.

Final approach to runway 19L at YBBN Brisbane International Airport began with a descent from 1,067 ft agl to 87 ft agl in 97 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level; the sink-rate check was not met (at one gate). Configuration on final was flap 4 at 3,670 ft agl with a speed of 199 kt.

Landing on runway 19L (runway length 3,562 m) had a threshold height of 56 ft agl, slightly above target, and a threshold speed of 145 kt, judged good. The flare was described as perfect; the aircraft floated before touchdown. Touchdown occurred 269 m beyond the touchdown zone at 134 kt, with a rate of -263 fpm (fair). The touchdown point was 6.9 m off the centreline. No bounce was observed.

Total landing distance was 1,412 m, 40 % of the runway, and the rollout was 8.4 m off the centreline. Local weather at landing was 23 °C, wind 2 kt from 280°, with 1 kt crosswind and 0 kt headwind.

Taxi from the runway to the parking area took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 116 nm in 32 minutes and used 1,479 kg of fuel.

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