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EIDW
Dublin, Ireland
Runway 28R
Elevation213 ft asl
Weight55,891 kg
Fuel2,999 kg
Wind231° · 20 kn · 14 kn cross

Flight Score

98.97 %
EIDW
Dublin, Ireland
Runway 28L
Elevation213 ft asl
Weight55,350 kg
Fuel2,977 kg
Wind219° · 13 kn · 10 kn cross
27 Oct 2026 0:13 33 nm Airbus A320ceo 21 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
96.92 %

What went well

Held the centreline in a 10 kn crosswind — 0.11 m off at touchdown
Held the centreline on the roll in a 13 kn crosswind — 0.21 m off at liftoff
Touchdown 371 m in — inside the full-score zone

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 236 fpm with one bounce, −0.51 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 236 fpm−0.21
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.03
Arrival Taxi — Landing Lights at 1 %, −0.33 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 59 ft agl was slightly above target at 91 %, −0.19 points

Next time

Arrival

Hold a touch more back pressure through the last of the flare so the mainwheels meet the runway smoothly, without bouncing.

What happened: Touchdown rate was 236 fpm, and the aircraft bounced on contact with the runway.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, continuous sink through touchdown with no bounce.

See Arrival Touchdown

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 28R at EIDW Dublin Airport. Takeoff distance 843 m 32 % of runway. Rotation speed was 137 kt. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 23 kt at 231 °. Crosswind: 16 kt Headwind: 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 843 m32 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 137 ktTarget 141 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.48 m left3.48 m left to 1.75 m right 1.22 0.21 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.1 ° min to max 8.4 ° -0.0 8.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28R EIDW Dublin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 160 kt156 kt min to max 163 kt 156 163 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.4 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.4 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.17 g1.05 g min to max 1.20 g 1.05 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 633 fpm192 fpm min to max 1,167 fpm 192 1,167 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.2 °8.6 ° min to max 13.0 ° 8.6 13.0 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28R EIDW Dublin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 165 kt163 kt min to max 169 kt 163 169 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.8 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.6 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g0.96 g min to max 1.18 g 1.18 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,687 fpm1,183 fpm min to max 2,887 fpm 1,183 2,887 fpm
Info Average altitude 74 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 308 ft agl 27 308 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.7 °13.0 ° min to max 15.4 ° 13.0 15.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 365 ft agl · 171 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 365 ft agl · 171 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28R EIDW Dublin Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 175 kt169 kt min to max 182 ktTarget 164 kt, 11 kt fast 169 182 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.6 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.96 g min to max 0.98 g 0.98 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up at 258 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average VSI 2,983 fpm2,906 fpm min to max 3,079 fpm 2,906 3,079 fpm
Info Average altitude 610 ft agl358 ft agl min to max 900 ft agl 358 900 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.2 °13.5 ° min to max 14.9 ° 14.9 13.5 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of EIDW Dublin Airport Dublin (Leinster, Ireland). Climbing from 1,163 ft asl to 2,792 ft asl, an increase of 1,629 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 189 kt183 kt min to max 193 kt 183 193 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.9 °0.4 ° min to max 28.4 ° 0.6 28.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.07 g 0.98 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 2,841 fpm1,450 fpm min to max 3,134 fpm 3,092 1,450 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,990 ft asl1,163 ft asl min to max 2,792 ft asl 1,163 2,792 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.7 °7.6 ° min to max 13.4 ° 13.4 7.7 °
Info Turn coordination 4-2 min to max 18 2 12
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north west of EIDW Dublin Airport Dublin (Leinster, Ireland) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 22 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±641 ft of 3,001 ft asl2,569 ft asl min to max 3,095 ft asl 2,814 2,569 ft asl
100 % Average speed 194 kt147 kt min to max 198 kt 193 147 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.1 °0.0 ° min to max 30.5 ° 28.7 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.92 g min to max 1.16 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 7-1 min to max 15 11 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °1.7 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.7 4.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 2,955 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,949 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,756 ft agl · 171 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Howth (Leinster, Ireland). Descent from 2,473 ft asl to 1,475 ft asl, a decrease of 998 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 140 kt129 kt min to max 150 kt 140 149 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -588 fpm-757 fpm min to max -387 fpm -553 -643 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,781 ft asl1,475 ft asl min to max 2,473 ft asl 2,473 1,475 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.8 ° min to max 6.0 ° 6.0 0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 1 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 2,401 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 2,393 ft agl · 143 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 28L at EIDW Dublin Airport. Descent from 1,310 ft agl to 71 ft agl in 116 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 96.75Landing on runway 28L at EIDW Dublin Airport, runway length 2,620 m. Threshold height at 59 ft agl was slightly above target. Threshold speed was good at 130 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 130 kt. Target 130 kt
91 % Threshold height at 59 ft agl was slightly above target.Target 50 ft agl
96 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.55 m right0.10 m left to 0.55 m right -0.45 0.03 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.7 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.11 g 1.01 1.11 g
Info Average speed 130 kt128 kt min to max 130 kt 130 128 kt
Info Average VSI -644 fpm-730 fpm min to max -420 fpm -658 -420 fpm
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 59 ft agl 59 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.9 ° min to max 7.2 ° 2.6 7.2 °
07515022530037545001224364759Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.80Touchdown distance was good at 371 m. Touchdown speed at 128 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -236 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 20 kt at 220 °. Crosswind: 17 kt Headwind: 11 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Touchdown rate was -236 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 371 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 128 ktTarget below 122 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.11 m left0.05 m left 0.03 0.11 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.8 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 1.0 °
99 % Average g force 1.18 g1.11 g min to max 1.27 g 1.11 1.16 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 127 kt127 kt min to max 128 kt 128 127 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °7.2 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.2 7.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,526 m, 58 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,526 m58 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.27 m left3.27 m left to 0.39 m right 1.58 -0.39 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.98 g
Info Average speed 95 kt61 kt min to max 121 kt 121 61 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-1.3 ° min to max 7.6 ° 7.5 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 40 kt28 kt min to max 61 kt 61 28 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.0 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 35 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 35 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 24 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 17 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.7 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 137 kt, 4 kt below the 141 kt target, and lifted off at 155 kt 5.2 s later, the nose coming up at 1.6° a second. Climb 3 averaged 175 kt, 11 kt over its 164 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 1418.6° off · 1.6°/s13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 20 kt 0.0° 0 s
80 kt239 m 80 kt 0.2° 16.1 s
Rotate901 m · target 141 137 kt 0.3° 29.4 s
Liftoff1,259 m · +18 kt from rotation 155 kt 8.6° 34.6 s
35 ft1,538 m · 3.6 s after liftoff 164 kt 13.1° 38.2 s
Gear up2,006 m · 258 ft · full marks to 400 ft 168 kt 14.9° 44.2 s
Climb 32,163 m · 359 ft to 900 ft · target 164 175 kt avg 14.9° 46.2 s
End of Climb 33,039 m · 900 ft 182 kt 13.5° 57.3 s

Takeoff from EIDW 28R

Takeoff roll100.00
843m32 %
Rotation speed100.00
137kttarget 141, 4 slow
Liftoff speed
155kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.48m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
258ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
175kttarget 164
Rate of climb100.00
632fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 900 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,518 m of runway left; gear up at 258 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,370 fpm on average to 900 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3175 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 137 kttarget 141Liftoff 155 ktGear up 258 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,646 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 3.7 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 13 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 32 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS13 kn75 %widest 3.67 m LAirborne 849 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 849 m of 2,646 m · 32 %
Takeoff roll, 849 m Left ahead, 1,797 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate640 fpm780 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.0°
On centreline0.1° off0.4° off
On speed+18 kt+1.3 kt
Wings level0° bank1° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EIDW 28L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,2986833482091,000 ft gate7 of 71,024 ft · 148 kt500 ft gate7 of 7535 ft · 131 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 18× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 20 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR52 m L052 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND10 m L13 m L2 m R3 m L7 m L18 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 130 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 130+19 kt+10 kt−1 kt−0 kt+0 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EIDW 28L

Over the threshold

Threshold height90.62
59ft
Threshold speed100.00
130kton target
Centreline offset100.00
0.55m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
371m
Centreline100.00
0.11m L
Speed100.00
127kttarget 122, 5 fast
Touchdown rate84.29
-236fpm
Impact98.86
1.27G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare96.39

Excellent landing flare. It lost 3.6 points, partly for touching down 6.9° above the aircraft's ground attitude.

The crosswind

10 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 128 kt. Touched down with 4° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 219° at 13 kt · 7 kt head · 10 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,607 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 59 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 26 ft. Touched down 371 m in, 66 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,607 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

59 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 26 ft · −671 fpm · 3.3° · 130 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −236 fpm · 7.3°−236 fpm · 7.2° nose up · 128 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 59 ft, down at 371 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 670 fpm at the flare to 240 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−236 fpm at touchdown7.2° at touchdown, +3.8° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,607 m of the 2,620 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.2 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 10 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 371 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 371 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.27 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,485 m of 2,620 m · 57 %
In the air over the runway, 371 mRollout, 1,114 m Left over, 1,135 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,114m57 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
3.27m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied to runway 28R at Dublin (EIDW) and departed with a take-off distance of 843 m, which was 32 % of the runway. Rotation was achieved at 137 kt. Local weather at departure was 13 °C with wind 23 kt from 231°, giving a 16 kt cross-wind component and a 17 kt head-wind component.

Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 21 seconds, averaging 2 215 fpm and reaching 182 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1 163 ft asl to 2 792 ft asl in 1 minute while covering 1 nm, beginning about 1 mile north-west of the airport.

Level flight was maintained at 3 000 ft asl for 6 minutes, covering 22 nm, starting roughly 2 miles north-west of Dublin. Descent began from 2 473 ft asl to 1 475 ft asl in 2 minutes over 3 nm, starting 1 mile north of Howth.

For the final approach to runway 28L, descent from 1 310 ft agl to 71 ft agl was completed in 116 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. At 2 393 ft agl the aircraft was in final flap position 5 and was flying 143 kt.

Landing on runway 28L (runway length 2 620 m) occurred with a threshold height of 59 ft agl, slightly above target, and a threshold speed of 130 kt, described as good. The flare was noted as great, although the nose was raised too far. Touchdown was recorded at 371 m from the threshold, a good distance, with a speed of 128 kt, a little fast, and a rate of -236 fpm, fair. Alignment on touchdown was perfect. One bounce occurred on touchdown. Total landing distance was 1 526 m, 58 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.

Local weather at landing was 11 °C with wind 20 kt from 220°, giving a 17 kt cross-wind component and an 11 kt head-wind component. Taxi from the runway to parking took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 33 nm in 13 minutes and used 21 kg of fuel.

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