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LIPB
Bolzano (BZ), Italy
Runway 19
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight2,958 kg
Fuel415 kg
Wind160° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

96.45 %
LILR
Cremona (CR), Italy
Runway 11
Elevation148 ft asl
Weight2,802 kg
Fuel254 kg
Wind315° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
8 Sep 2026 1:02 126 nm Cessna 208B 161 kg
Departure Score
97.90 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
91.44 %

What went well

Touchdown 91 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 1.33 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 97 %

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 300 ft gate 80 %, −1.67 points
Firm touchdown — 244 fpm, −0.63 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 244 fpm−0.60
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.37 G at contact−0.03
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 74 kt at 70 %, −0.49 points

Next time

Departure

Use small, coordinated rudder and aileron inputs to hold your assigned climb heading as soon as drift begins.

What happened: During the second climb segment, you let the aircraft drift off the assigned heading.

Watch for: Heading indicator: steady on the assigned climb heading

See Departure Climb 2

Arrival

Nothing to change in the speed, the height or the flare. Keep the landing attitude held until the mains are on, so the aircraft is not let down onto the runway in the last moment.

What happened: The touchdown rate was 243 fpm. Nothing before it explains that: threshold speed and height were within limits and the flare was flown normally.

Watch for: Touchdown rate: a little less than 243 fpm next time

See Arrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 3 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 12 kt 0 3 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-1.3 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.9 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano Airport, Average speed was 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 5 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 0 16 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.7 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 7 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 7 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 7 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano Airport. Takeoff distance 159 m 11 % of runway. Rotation speed was 69 kt. Local weather - Temperature 32 °C. Wind 7 kt at 160 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 159 m11 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 69 ktTarget 66 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.76 m left2.76 m left to 0.56 m right 2.37 -0.39 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.0 ° min to max 6.9 ° 1.0 6.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.1 1.3 °
Departure Climb 1 99.72Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -1.1 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt74 kt min to max 91 kt 74 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 376 fpm212 fpm min to max 427 fpm 212 380 fpm
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.6 ° min to max 7.1 ° 6.8 5.8 °
Departure Climb 2 93.13Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
79 % Heading variation -1.7 °-3.6 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.2 -3.6 °
100 % Average speed 95 kt91 kt min to max 108 kt 91 108 kt
93 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 7.4 ° 0.5 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.18 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 562 fpm351 fpm min to max 1,036 fpm 376 839 fpm
Info Average altitude 97 ft agl46 ft agl min to max 328 ft agl 46 328 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °3.4 ° min to max 7.5 ° 5.9 4.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 253 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 253 ft agl · 112 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.65Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Climb speed 109 kt103 kt min to max 118 ktTarget 124 kt, 15 kt slow 107 118 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.4 ° min to max 8.6 ° 3.1 8.6 °
93 % Average g force 0.99 g0.16 g min to max 1.58 g 0.97 1.05 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation -4.9 °-6.1 ° min to max -4.3 ° -4.3 -6.1 °
Info Average VSI 554 fpm-521 fpm min to max 1,774 fpm 856 299 fpm
Info Average altitude 493 ft agl340 ft agl min to max 584 ft agl 340 584 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °-6.3 ° min to max 12.7 ° 4.8 3.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Laives (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,378 ft asl to 10,790 ft asl, an increase of 9,411 ft in 11 minutes and covering 20 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kt66 kt min to max 122 kt 118 101 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.9 °0.0 ° min to max 27.5 ° 8.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.81 g min to max 1.23 g 1.07 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 808 fpm36 fpm min to max 1,853 fpm 383 1,001 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,959 ft asl1,378 ft asl min to max 10,790 ft asl 1,378 10,790 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °2.1 ° min to max 16.8 ° 3.5 8.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 3,121 ft agl · 75 kt
Fail Stall Warning Activated 2,424 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 932 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 932 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 2,327 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,527 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,527 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 2,527 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,527 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,343 ft agl · 78 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 2,353 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 2,366 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 577 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 577 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3,779 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4,247 ft agl · 123 kt
Enroute Level 99.99Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Fierozzo (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy) and lasted 22 minutes, covering 56 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,048 ft of 10,989 ft asl10,775 ft asl min to max 11,014 ft asl 10,961 10,997 ft asl
100 % Average speed 139 kt102 kt min to max 149 kt 102 141 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.8 °0.0 ° min to max 25.5 ° 0.7 1.3 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.02 g0.79 g min to max 1.36 g 0.96 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-2.1 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.6 1.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 8,620 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 8,620 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 7,586 ft agl · 175 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 6,154 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 6,154 ft agl · 167 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 6,884 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 6,790 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 8,994 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 8,834 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 8,834 ft agl · 170 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Tavernole (Lombardia, Italy). Descent from 10,914 ft asl to 4,206 ft asl, a decrease of 6,708 ft in 10 minutes and covering 25 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 143 kt134 kt min to max 149 kt 146 146 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.1 ° min to max 18.5 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.21 g 0.98 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -721 fpm-1,024 fpm min to max 40 fpm -687 14 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,863 ft asl4,205 ft asl min to max 10,914 ft asl 10,914 4,206 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.6 ° min to max 1.3 ° -1.6 1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 7,195 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,959 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,959 ft agl · 160 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Calcio (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±710 ft of 4,206 ft asl4,203 ft asl min to max 4,211 ft asl 4,209 4,204 ft asl
100 % Average speed 149 kt146 kt min to max 150 kt 146 150 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.6 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Torre Pallavicina (Lombardia, Italy). Descent from 4,204 ft asl to 2,376 ft asl, a decrease of 1,827 ft in 3 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 141 kt136 kt min to max 150 kt 150 137 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -573 fpm-766 fpm min to max 63 fpm -37 -695 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,429 ft asl2,376 ft asl min to max 4,204 ft asl 4,204 2,376 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.7 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.7 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,003 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 4,003 ft agl · 161 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Genivolta (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 4 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±613 ft of 1,754 ft asl1,586 ft asl min to max 2,265 ft asl 2,265 1,593 ft asl
100 % Average speed 124 kt107 kt min to max 139 kt 138 108 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 23.1 ° 0.5 10.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.12 g 1.01 0.86 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-1.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° -1.4 2.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,942 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,942 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,849 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,849 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,860 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,860 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,532 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,532 ft agl · 142 kt
Arrival Approach 80.00Final approach to runway 11 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield. Descent from 377 ft agl to 31 ft agl in 46 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On speedfailed
Arrival Landing 99.22Landing on runway 11 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield, runway length 596 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 75 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.6 % Threshold speed was well above target at 75 kt. Target 65 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 32 ft agl
97 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.86 m left0.86 m left to 0.67 m left 0.86 0.68 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.91 g min to max 1.23 g 1.21 0.93 g
Info Average speed 74 kt74 kt min to max 75 kt 75 74 kt
Info Average VSI -293 fpm-491 fpm min to max -225 fpm -491 -244 fpm
Info Average altitude -1 ft agl-6 ft agl min to max 6 ft agl 6 -6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.6 2.8 °
07515022507.9216243240Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 86.53Touchdown distance was good at 91 m. Touchdown speed at 74 kt was too fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -244 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 30 °C. Wind 1 kt at 332 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
64 % Touchdown rate was -244 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 91 mTarget 351 m
70 % Speed at touchdown 74 ktTarget below 58 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.33 m left1.06 m left 0.68 1.33 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.4 °
93 % Average g force 1.05 g0.93 g min to max 1.37 g 0.93 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 73 kt72 kt min to max 74 kt 74 72 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.5 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.8 3.0 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 356 m, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 356 m60 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.87 m left1.87 m left to 0.00 m left 1.87 1.54 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 70 kt46 kt min to max 76 kt 76 46 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 9 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kt3 kt min to max 38 kt 38 4 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° -1.0 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.01 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 7 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 7 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 7 ft agl · 7 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 69 kt, 3 kt above the 66 kt target, and lifted off at 74 kt 1.7 s later, the nose coming up at 2.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 109 kt, 15 kt under its 124 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 124120 kt8040020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 666.3° off · 2.8°/s6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 24 kt 1.0° 0 s
Rotate300 m · target 66 69 kt 1.4° 12.6 s
Liftoff363 m · +5 kt from rotation 74 kt 6.3° 14.4 s
35 ft722 m · 8.6 s after liftoff 88 kt 6.3° 23.0 s
Climb 32,268 m · 340 ft to 584 ft · target 124 109 kt avg 4.8° 54.0 s
End of Climb 33,848 m · 584 ft 118 kt 3.0° 82 s

Takeoff from LIPB 19

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
159m11 %
Rotation speed100.00
69kttarget 66, 3 fast
Liftoff speed
74kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.76m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Climb 3 speed93.39
109kttarget 124
Rate of climb99.72
375fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 584 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 966 m of runway left; then climbing at 520 fpm on average to 584 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3109 kt avgtarget 124THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 69 kttarget 66Liftoff 74 ktSCALE CHANGES2.2 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,461 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 3 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 9 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 2.97 m LAirborne 136 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 136 m of 1,461 m · 9 %
Takeoff roll, 136 m Left ahead, 1,325 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Five checks, one gate300 ft 80.004 of 5
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate290 fpm
On glideslope2.9°
On speed+19 kt

At the 300 ft gate: speed more than 16 kt above the approach speed of 65 kt.

Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: fast all the way, banked until 0.9 nm and right of the centreline until 0.6 nm.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LILR 11

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND212300 ft gate4 of 5on speed325 ft · 84 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 105 m right of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR262 m L0262 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2 m L105 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 33 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +22 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 65+19 kt+10 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LILR 11

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
5ft
Threshold speed99.56
75kttarget 65, 10 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.86m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
91m
Centreline100.00
1.33m L
Speed70.32
73kttarget 58, 15 fast
Touchdown rate64.03
-244fpm
Impact93.14
1.37G
BouncesOk
None
The flare97.33

Excellent landing flare. It lost 2.7 points, for the nose going up and down 3 times.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 315° at 2 kt · 2 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 77 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 180 m30 kt · 343 mtouchdown356 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 596 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 33 ft, 111 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 5 ft, 45 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 91 m in, 213 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 596 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

5 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 33 ft, 111 m before the threshold−856 fpm · 0.7° · 76 ktdescent slowed at 5 ft · −59 fpm · 3.6°−243 fpm · 2.8° nose up · 74 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 5 ft, down at 91 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 860 fpm at the flare to 240 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−243 fpm at touchdown2.8° at touchdown, +2.1° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 596 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.6 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 386 M 91 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 91 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 243 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 312 m of 596 m · 52 %
In the air over the runway, 91 mRollout, 220 m Left over, 284 m
Rollout distance100.00
220m52 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.87m L

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Flight narrative

The Cessna 208B taxied from the parking area to the departure runway in a period of 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm before reaching the hold-short line.

The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano Airport, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 74 kt after a ground run of 159 m, which represented 11 % of the runway length. Ambient conditions were 32 °C with a wind of 7 kt from 160°, including a 3 kt cross-component and a 6 kt headwind component.

Climb began over Laives, with the airplane ascending from 1 378 ft asl to 10 790 ft asl, a gain of 9 411 ft achieved in 11 minutes while traversing 20 nm.

The first cruise segment started 2 mi east of Fierozzo and was maintained for 22 minutes, during which the aircraft covered 56 nm at level flight.

Descent commenced over Tavernole, descending from 10 914 ft asl to 4 206 ft asl, a loss of 6 708 ft in 10 minutes while covering 25 nm.

A brief cruise phase followed the initial descent, beginning over Calcio and lasting 2 minutes, during which 4 nm were flown.

The second descent started 1 mi west of Torre Pallavicina, with altitude decreasing from 4 204 ft asl to 2 376 ft asl, a reduction of 1 827 ft in 3 minutes over a distance of 8 nm.

A further cruise segment originated 1 mi south-west of Genivolta, lasting 4 minutes and encompassing 10 nm of level flight.

For the final approach the aircraft aligned with runway 11 at LILR Cremona-Migliaro Airfield from the west, tracking a heading of 115.0° at 1 nm and 1 445 ft agl.

Landing was executed on runway 11, whose total length is 596 m. The threshold speed was recorded at 75 kt, while touchdown occurred at 74 kt with a distance of 89 m from the threshold. The vertical speed at touchdown was minus 244 fpm, and the aircraft aligned perfectly with the runway centreline. Local weather at the time was 30 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 332°, a 1 kt crosswind and no headwind component. The total landing roll measured 356 m, representing 60 % of the runway.

Runway rollout continued with perfect alignment, and the aircraft came to a stop without deviation from the centreline.

In total, the flight covered 131 nm, required 62 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 161 kg of fuel.

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