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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight826 kg
Fuel69 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

87.19 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight824 kg
Fuel66 kg
18 May 2023 0:07 6 nm Van's RV-14A N714WH 3 kg
Departure Score
99.39 %
Enroute Score
87.51 %
Arrival Score
74.67 %

What went well

Touched down at -136 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 172 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.13 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was well above target at 67 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 46 %, −5.98 points
Enroute Descent — bank angle up to 174.1 ° at 0 %, g force 0.68 to 2.99 g at 1 %, −3.33 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.6 ° at 2 %, −2.21 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 12 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 98.92Departure roll runway 23 at EGPE Inverness. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 71 knTarget 64 kn
95 % Runway alignment max 4.87 m3.08 m left to 1.79 m right -0.19 -1.79 m
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.92 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 0.97 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.0 4.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.7 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.77Departure climb to 15.2 m agl from runway 23 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn71 kn min to max 86 kn 71 86 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.5 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.9 1.1 °
98 % Average g force 1.11 g0.93 g min to max 1.29 g 0.95 0.93 g
Info Average VSI 4.1 m/s2.1 m/s min to max 5.4 m/s 2.1 5.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 3.9 m agl-0.3 m agl min to max 13.6 m agl 0.0 13.6 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °4.3 ° min to max 14.6 ° 4.3 12.5 °
Departure Climb 2 99.79Departure climb to 121.9 m agl from 23 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn86 kn min to max 100 kn 86 98 kn
99 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.1 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 0.92 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 6.7 m/s5.5 m/s min to max 12.8 m/s 5.5 12.8 m/s
Info Average altitude 33.4 m agl16.2 m agl min to max 117.6 m agl 16.2 117.6 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.5 °12.5 ° min to max 19.4 ° 12.5 19.4 °

Events

Info Bounce during liftoff 380 ft agl · 98 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.06Departure climb to 304.8 m agl from 23 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.6 °
100 % Average speed 93 kn91 kn min to max 97 kn 96 97 kn
95 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.7 2.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.88 g min to max 1.01 g 0.90 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 9.9 m/s7.3 m/s min to max 13.1 m/s 13.1 7.7 m/s
Info Average altitude 226.2 m agl142.3 m agl min to max 294.5 m agl 142.3 294.5 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.1 °12.2 ° min to max 18.8 ° 18.3 12.9 °
Enroute Climb 88.12Enroute climb started overhead EGPE Inverness Inverness (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 313 m asl to 784 m asl, an increase of 470.7 m in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 109 kn97 kn min to max 120 kn 97 99 kn
73 % Average bank angle 27.9 °1.3 ° min to max 53.5 ° 2.7 3.9 °
89 % Average g force 1.17 g0.89 g min to max 1.44 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 8.1 m/s-1.9 m/s min to max 19.2 m/s 8.1 7.5 m/s
Info Average altitude 494 m asl313 m asl min to max 784 m asl 313 784 m asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.8 °-1.1 ° min to max 22.6 ° 13.4 10.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Croy (Highland, Scotland) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 799 m asl793 m asl min to max 811 m asl 799 799 m asl
100 % Average speed 142 kn123 kn min to max 152 kn 123 152 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.7 ° min to max 12.1 ° 0.7 12.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.05 g min to max 1.13 g 1.11 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-1.5 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.1 2.5 °
Enroute Descent 50.06Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Balloch (Highland, Scotland). Descent from 803 m asl to 73 m asl, a decrease of 730.5 m in 2 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 154 kn83 kn min to max 200 kn 150 138 kn
0 % Average bank angle 36.4 °1.4 ° min to max 174.1 ° 12.8 1.4 °
1 % Average g force 1.36 g0.68 g min to max 2.99 g 1.03 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -6.7 m/s-72.1 m/s min to max 64.0 m/s 3.5 -7.8 m/s
Info Average altitude 522 m asl73 m asl min to max 937 m asl 803 73 m asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.3 °-84.7 ° min to max 85.6 ° 2.7 -4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 99.37Enroute climb started 1 mile north of Balloch (Highland, Scotland). Climbing from 66 m asl to 151 m asl, an increase of 85.1 m in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kn80 kn min to max 136 kn 136 86 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.3 °0.1 ° min to max 24.0 ° 0.9 5.4 °
94 % Average g force 1.06 g0.85 g min to max 1.36 g 1.20 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 2.0 m/s-6.7 m/s min to max 12.3 m/s -6.7 -0.6 m/s
Info Average altitude 128 m asl56 m asl min to max 172 m asl 66 151 m asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °-2.4 ° min to max 17.4 ° -2.4 5.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 460 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 482 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 476 ft agl · 88 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Balloch (Highland, Scotland) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 140 m asl124 m asl min to max 158 m asl 153 124 m asl
100 % Average speed 71 kn67 kn min to max 84 kn 84 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.2 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.0 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °1.9 ° min to max 5.7 ° 5.7 3.5 °
Arrival Final 1 80.11Approaching runway 05 at EGPE Inverness from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 114.6 m agl to 8.4 m agl. A decrease of 106.3 m in 40 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
2 % Approach angle 2.6 °1.4 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn68 kn min to max 76 kn 73 68 kn
99 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -3.3 m/s-4.6 m/s min to max -0.7 m/s -0.7 -2.0 m/s
Info Average altitude 33.6 m agl8.4 m agl min to max 114.6 m agl 114.6 8.4 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-2.2 ° min to max 6.2 ° 3.3 6.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 46.14Landing on runway 05 at EGPE Inverness, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 67 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was well above target at 67 kn. Target 60 kn
46 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.04 g
Info Average speed 59 kn51 kn min to max 67 kn 67 51 kn
Info Average VSI -1.2 m/s-2.0 m/s min to max -0.7 m/s -2.0 -0.7 m/s
Info Average altitude 2.4 m agl-0.0 m agl min to max 5.2 m agl 5.2 -0.0 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.7 °6.3 ° min to max 14.7 ° 6.3 14.7 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 9 ft agl · 57 kt
07515001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.75Touchdown distance was good at 169 m. Touchdown speed at 51 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -0.7 m/s. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Touchdown VSI was -0.7 m/s.
100 % Touchdown distance was 169 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 51 knTarget 52 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 1.25 m1.15 m left 1.09 1.25 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.13 g 1.06 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 49 kn47 kn min to max 51 kn 51 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 15.4 °14.8 ° min to max 15.8 ° 14.8 15.6 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 4.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.3° off13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 8 kt 4.0° 0 s
Liftoff215 m 70 kt 4.3° 9.7 s
35 ft363 m · 3.6 s after liftoff 85 kt 12.9° 13.3 s
End of Climb 31,762 m · 966 ft 97 kt 12.9° 43.2 s

Takeoff from EGPE 23

Takeoff roll100.00
263m14 %
Liftoff speed100.00
70kt
Runway alignment94.61
3.08m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.77
807fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 966 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,400 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,730 fpm on average to 966 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 50 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 3.1 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.8 m right. Airborne 14 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 3.12 m LROLL 50 M INAirborne 265 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 265 m of 1,814 m · 15 %
Behind the start of the roll, 50 mTakeoff roll, 215 m Left ahead, 1,549 m

The approach to EGPE 05

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.1 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 480 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND310465387288
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 169 m right of the centreline at 2.1 nm, then inside the band from 1.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND15 m R44 m R4 m L7 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height38.27
17ft
Threshold speed0.00
67kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.01m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
172m
Centreline100.00
1.25m L
Speed100.00
50kt
Touchdown rate90.99
-136fpm
Impact100.00
1.13G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 17 ft, 33 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 172 m in, 133 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

17 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −135 fpm · 14.6° nose up · 51 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 17 ft, down at 172 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 280 fpm at 21 ft to 140 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 8.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°8°15°touchdown−135 fpm at touchdown14.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 172 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 172 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 172 m of 1,814 m · 9 %
In the air over the runway, 172 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 1,642 m

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