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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.
What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 17°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.
Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.
Arrival
Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.
What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.
Ground control varies with speed, full authority at walking pace, progressively reducing as groundspeed rises. The aircraft becomes twitchy at any speed, every small pedal input swings the nose, which can encourage large-amplitude leg inputs that no real aircraft would accept.
Read more in How to Taxi AnywhereStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 128 kt, on the 129 kt target, and lifted off at 140 kt 2.6 s later, the nose coming up at 2.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 162 kt, 7 kt under its 169 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 662 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 3,995 ft of runway left; gear up at 41 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,320 fpm on average to 662 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 7,495 ft runway.
Rolled from 267 ft in, drifted 10 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 35 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
One stabilised approach gate: six checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 1.8 nm, about 410 ft above the runway, to the threshold, before the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the glideslope.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Low from 4 nm to 1.8 nm (up to 520 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 40 ft off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +15 kt on the approach speed of 117 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.8° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 1,227 ft past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 3° of bank.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 105 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.28 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 44 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 27 ft. Touched down 1,227 ft in, 227 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 470 fpm at the flare to 240 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,983 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 24 ft left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 1,227 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 05R at KRDU Raleigh Durham International Airport in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
Takeoff was performed on runway 05R with a takeoff distance of 2,659 ft, which was 35 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 128 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 61 °F, wind 1 kt from 270°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 1 kt tailwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 28 seconds, averaging 1,299 fpm and reaching 166 kt at the top of the segment. The climb continued from 1,097 ft asl to 15,006 ft asl in 6 minutes, covering 29 nm while remaining overhead KRDU.
The aircraft level-flew at 15,000 ft asl for 30 minutes, covering 211 nm, beginning about 1 mile southeast of Moncure.
Descent began at 14,437 ft asl and proceeded to 1,831 ft asl in 10 minutes, covering 44 nm, starting 2 miles east of Royston.
On final approach to runway 25 at KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field, descent from 793 ft agl to 37 ft agl took 114 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. Gear was down at 1,186 ft agl with a speed of 161 kt. The final flap position 4 was selected at 451 ft agl with a speed of 129 kt.
Landing on runway 25 was completed with a good threshold height. Threshold speed was 113 kt. The flare was described as very good. Touchdown occurred 1,227 ft down the runway at a speed of 104 kt, which was good, with a touchdown rate of minus 246 fpm, rated fair. Alignment at touchdown was perfect and there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 2,814 ft, 47 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.
Local weather at KLZU was temperature 59 °F, wind 1 kt from 270°, with a 0 kt crosswind and a 1 kt headwind.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The flight covered a total distance of 290 nm, lasted 53 minutes, and used 0 lbs of fuel.
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