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KBTV
South Burlington, United States
Runway 15
Elevation325 ft asl
Weight5,570 lbs
Fuel450 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.52 %
KSFZ
Pawtucket, United States
Runway 05
Elevation417 ft asl
Weight5,570 lbs
Fuel449 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
25 Aug 2025 1:07 190 nm Cessna 414A 1 lbs
Departure Score
91.38 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.19 %

What went well

Touched down at -260 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 541 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 20 ft and 80 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Taxi — peak speed in a turn 23 kt at 20 %, −2.13 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 6.2 ° at 89 %, −0.34 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 23.5 ft left at 85 %, −0.28 points

Next time

Departure

Use smoother, smaller aileron inputs to keep the wings level and hold bank angle near wings-level during the climb.

What happened: During the climb, bank angle rose to 4.5°, more roll than the climb out called for.

Watch for: Attitude indicator: wings level during the climb

See Departure Climb 2

Twenty knots on a monitor produces the visual sensation of about ten. The advice to "taxi at a walking pace" cannot fix this, because your sense of walking pace is exactly the thing that's broken. Put the groundspeed readout in your scan and obey it for the next fifty flights, the way a student pilot leans on the airspeed indicator before learning to read attitude.

Read more in How to Taxi Anywhere

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 68.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 19 kt0 kt min to max 27 kt 0 19 kt
20 % Average speed turning corners 16 ktmax 23 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.7 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 15 at KBTV Burlington International Airport, Average speed was 29 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 32 kt17 kt min to max 40 kt 19 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °3.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.0 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 0.98 g
Departure Roll 98.55Departure roll runway 15 at KBTV Burlington International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,998 ft 26 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 97 kt. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,998 ft26 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 97 ktTarget 100 kt
93 % Runway alignment max 16.5 ft left16.5 ft left to 3.1 ft right -3.1 9.6 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.21 g 0.99 1.21 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.6 ° min to max 7.6 ° 3.2 7.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Departure Climb 1 99.49Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 15 KBTV Burlington International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 103 kt97 kt min to max 109 kt 97 109 kt
99 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.0 2.4 °
98 % Average g force 1.05 g0.62 g min to max 1.58 g 1.31 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 381 fpm-110 fpm min to max 879 fpm 512 549 fpm
Info Average altitude 38 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 60 ft agl 2 60 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °0.7 ° min to max 11.2 ° 8.8 7.9 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 53 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 53 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 53 ft agl · 110 kt
Departure Climb 2 94.86Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 15 KBTV Burlington International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Heading variation -0.3 °-2.8 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -2.8 °
100 % Average speed 116 kt109 kt min to max 124 kt 109 122 kt
89 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 2.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.79 g min to max 1.19 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 571 fpm181 fpm min to max 2,412 fpm 614 2,412 fpm
Info Average altitude 99 ft agl63 ft agl min to max 404 ft agl 63 404 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °3.4 ° min to max 13.5 ° 7.3 13.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 66 ft agl · 111 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 15 KBTV Burlington International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Heading variation -4.2 °-5.2 ° min to max -3.2 ° -3.2 -5.2 °
100 % Average speed 120 kt119 kt min to max 122 kt 122 119 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.94 g min to max 1.01 g 0.97 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,154 fpm1,944 fpm min to max 2,421 fpm 2,421 2,106 fpm
Info Average altitude 724 ft agl445 ft agl min to max 1,010 ft agl 445 1,010 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.6 °12.0 ° min to max 13.5 ° 13.5 12.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile east of South Burlington (Vermont, United States). Climbing from 1,369 ft asl to 8,516 ft asl, an increase of 7,147 ft in 4 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kt119 kt min to max 179 kt 120 179 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 21.0 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,907 fpm-25 fpm min to max 2,217 fpm 2,134 -12 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,725 ft asl1,369 ft asl min to max 8,519 ft asl 1,369 8,516 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °0.6 ° min to max 12.4 ° 12.0 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 7,168 ft agl · 136 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Hinesburg (Vermont, United States) and lasted 48 minutes, covering 153 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±926 ft of 8,502 ft asl8,493 ft asl min to max 8,513 ft asl 8,513 8,493 ft asl
100 % Average speed 182 kt178 kt min to max 190 kt 184 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 18.7 ° 0.0 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.7 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of Putnam (Connecticut, United States). Descent from 8,494 ft asl to 2,375 ft asl, a decrease of 6,119 ft in 7 minutes and covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 159 kt103 kt min to max 179 kt 178 103 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.0 °0.0 ° min to max 18.5 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.26 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,112 fpm-1,373 fpm min to max 9 fpm -2 -175 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,426 ft asl2,375 ft asl min to max 8,497 ft asl 8,494 2,375 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.7 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.7 3.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 8,253 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 8,253 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,270 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,133 ft agl · 109 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles west of Johnston (Rhode Island, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±617 ft of 2,033 ft asl1,625 ft asl min to max 2,345 ft asl 2,345 1,625 ft asl
100 % Average speed 93 kt89 kt min to max 102 kt 102 93 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.2 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °1.0 ° min to max 5.3 ° 3.4 3.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,733 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,667 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,650 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 1,688 ft agl · 96 kt
Arrival Final 4 99.44Approaching runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,201 ft agl to 973 ft agl. A decrease of 229 ft in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 93 kt90 kt min to max 95 kt 93 90 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.6 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.1 ° min to max 4.0 ° 1.4 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.07 g 0.89 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -386 fpm-594 fpm min to max -11 fpm -377 -594 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,087 ft agl973 ft agl min to max 1,201 ft agl 1,201 973 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.5 ° min to max 4.0 ° 1.7 2.2 °
33.253.53.7549009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-320-240-160-80080160240320Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 962 ft agl to 581 ft agl. A decrease of 381 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.7 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 90 kt88 kt min to max 92 kt 90 88 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.6 -0.4 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.7 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 0.94 g
Info Average VSI -602 fpm-883 fpm min to max -311 fpm -592 -467 fpm
Info Average altitude 761 ft agl581 ft agl min to max 962 ft agl 962 581 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 1.9 2.4 °
22.252.52.7535005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-290-218-145-73073145218290Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 99.54Approaching runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 570 ft agl to 297 ft agl. A decrease of 273 ft in 37 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.7 °2.6 ° min to max 2.8 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 2.8 °
100 % Average speed 89 kt88 kt min to max 91 kt 88 88 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.4 0.1 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.1 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 0.97 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -435 fpm-628 fpm min to max -175 fpm -560 -289 fpm
Info Average altitude 424 ft agl297 ft agl min to max 570 ft agl 570 297 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °1.4 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.0 2.9 °
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-190-143-95-4804895143190Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 99.20Approaching runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 292 ft agl to 21 ft agl. A decrease of 271 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.9 °1.2 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt81 kt min to max 88 kt 88 81 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -504 fpm-688 fpm min to max -267 fpm -267 -338 fpm
Info Average altitude 77 ft agl21 ft agl min to max 292 ft agl 292 21 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °1.6 ° min to max 5.8 ° 2.9 5.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 99.69Landing on runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport, runway length 5,004 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 81 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 81 kt. Target 84 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
99.7 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.1 ft left0.1 ft left to 0.0 ft left 0.1 0.0 ft
98 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.2 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 0.93 g
Info Average speed 79 kt77 kt min to max 81 kt 81 77 kt
Info Average VSI -278 fpm-340 fpm min to max -169 fpm -339 -169 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl5 ft agl min to max 21 ft agl 21 5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °3.8 ° min to max 6.5 ° 5.3 3.8 °
025050001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 99.40Touchdown distance was good at 540 ft. Touchdown speed at 77 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -169 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 2 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown rate was -169 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 541 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 77 ktTarget below 78 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.8 ft left1.0 ft left 1.8 0.5 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g0.93 g min to max 1.28 g 0.93 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 77 kt77 kt min to max 77 kt 77 77 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °3.6 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.8 4.0 °
Arrival Rollout 93.24Total landing distance 1,177 ft, 24 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,177 ft24 % of runway.
85 % Runway alignment max 23.5 ft left23.5 ft left to 0.0 ft left 0.5 23.5 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.01 g
Info Average speed 72 kt47 kt min to max 78 kt 78 47 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °1.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° 4.0 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt11 kt min to max 39 kt 39 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 1.2 3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 24 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kt3 kt min to max 11 kt 11 3 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.4 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 96 kt with 5.5° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.5° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 38 kt 3.2° 0 s
Liftoff1,954 ft · target 100 96 kt 5.5° 16.1 s
35 ft2,392 ft · 2.6 s after liftoff 99 kt 5.8° 18.7 s
End of Climb 310,086 ft · 1,010 ft 119 kt 12.1° 56.9 s

Takeoff from KBTV 15

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,366ft30 %
Liftoff speed100.00
96kttarget 100, 4 slow
Runway alignment92.76
16.5ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.49
380fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,010 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 5,032 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,480 fpm on average to 1,010 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060708090KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 96 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 7,793 ft runway.

Rolled from 368 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 16 ft at the widest, and lifted off 10 ft left. Airborne 29 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 16.4 ft LROLL 368 FT INAirborne 2,323 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,323 ft of 7,793 ft · 30 %
Behind the start of the roll, 368 ftTakeoff roll, 1,954 ft Left ahead, 5,470 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.8 nm, then not again: slow from 0.8 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KSFZ 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,2476173401981,000 ft gate7 of 71,065 ft · 91 kt500 ft gate7 of 7498 ft · 89 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 210 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR530 ft L0530 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND131 ft R94 ft R2 ft R16 ft R167 ft R82 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 47 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 28 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.8 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −12 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 93+0 kt−1 kt−4 kt−7 kt−12 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KSFZ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
20ft
Threshold speed100.00
80kttarget 93, 13 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
541ft
Centreline100.00
1.8ft L
Speed100.00
77kttarget 90 or less
Touchdown rate97.61
-260fpm
Impact100.00
1.28G
BouncesOk
None
The flare99.67

Excellent landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 1 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 79 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.30 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 560 ft30 kt · 830 fttouchdown863 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 541 ft in, 459 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −260 fpm · 3.8° nose up · 77 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 20 ft, down at 541 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 380 fpm at 19 ft to 260 fpm at touchdown. The nose went down 1.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−260 fpm at touchdown3.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,004 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 19 ft left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 541 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 541 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,099 ft of 5,004 ft · 22 %
In the air over the runway, 541 ftRollout, 558 ft Left over, 3,905 ft
Rollout distance100.00
558ft22 % used
Rollout alignment84.97
23.5ft L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking to the runway, which took 4 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cessna 414A, then departed from runway 15 at KBTV Burlington International Airport. The takeoff distance was 1,998 feet, which accounted for 26% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 97 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 61°F and a wind speed of 2 knots from a direction of 270°. The crosswind was 1 knot, and the tailwind was 2 knots. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile east of South Burlington, Vermont. The climb took 4 minutes and covered a distance of 9 nautical miles, during which the aircraft ascended from an altitude of 1,369 feet above sea level to 8,516 feet above sea level, an increase of 7,147 feet.

Following the enroute climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise, starting 3 miles east of Hinesburg, Vermont. This phase of the flight lasted 48 minutes and covered a distance of 153 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent, starting 2 miles southwest of Putnam, Connecticut. The descent took 7 minutes and covered a distance of 16 nautical miles, during which the aircraft descended from an altitude of 8,494 feet above sea level to 2,375 feet above sea level, a decrease of 6,119 feet.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise, starting 3 miles west of Johnston, Rhode Island. This phase of the flight lasted 2 minutes and covered a distance of 4 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport was made from the southwest, with a heading of 33.0° at an altitude of 1,201 feet above ground level and a distance of 4 nautical miles from the runway.

The landing on runway 05 was successful, with a touchdown distance of 535 feet, which accounted for 24% of the runway. The touchdown speed was 77 knots, and the touchdown rate was -169 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the runway rollout alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 59°F and a wind speed of 2 knots from a direction of 269°. The crosswind was 2 knots, and the tailwind was 1 knot.

The taxiing period from the runway to the parking took less than 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 190 nautical miles, and the total flight time was 67 minutes. The aircraft used 1 pound of fuel during the flight.

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