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EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 07R
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight321,918 kg
Fuel76,717 kg
Wind48° · 11 kn · 4 kn cross

Flight Score

97.70 %
CYYZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 05
Elevation545 ft asl
Weight259,075 kg
Fuel13,448 kg
Wind129° · 11 kn · 11 kn cross
21 Mar 2026 8:18 3563 nm Boeing 747-8 63,270 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
93.10 %

What went well

Landed straight in a 11 kn crosswind — 1.55 m off the centreline, no bounce
Touched down at -1,011 fpm — a soft arrival
1.40 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 0 %, Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target at 45 %, −1.61 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 868 m at 55 %, −0.37 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.8 ° at 79 %, −0.17 points

Next time

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final to bring speed back to 139 kt by the threshold.

What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 146 kt against a target of 139 kt, and the flare that followed strayed from its usual profile; this combination usually carries through to a firm touchdown.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 139 kt at the threshold

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 26 stages, 24 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 16 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 23 kt 0 8 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.5 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Engine 2 Started 15 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 15 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 15 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 15 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 15 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 15 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 15 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 15 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 15 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 15 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 13 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, Average speed was 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt7 kt min to max 8 kt 8 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 1,866 m 47 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 171 kt. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 12 kt at 48 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 11 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,866 m47 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 171 ktTarget 161 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.92 m right0.00 m left to 1.92 m right -1.48 -0.05 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.7 ° min to max 7.5 ° -0.4 7.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.1 2.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 07R EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 177 kt172 kt min to max 181 kt 172 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.6 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.05 g min to max 1.12 g 1.05 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 494 fpm116 fpm min to max 872 fpm 116 872 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 0 45 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °7.7 ° min to max 9.4 ° 7.7 9.4 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 07R EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 184 kt181 kt min to max 191 kt 181 191 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.09 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 1,305 fpm898 fpm min to max 2,546 fpm 898 2,546 fpm
Info Average altitude 106 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 400 ft agl 47 400 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.1 °9.5 ° min to max 12.2 ° 9.5 12.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 130 ft agl · 185 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 07R EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 192 kt191 kt min to max 193 kt 191 192 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g1.00 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 3,320 fpm2,730 fpm min to max 3,677 fpm 2,730 3,677 fpm
Info Average altitude 699 ft agl449 ft agl min to max 965 ft agl 449 965 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.6 °12.9 ° min to max 14.2 ° 12.9 14.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EDDF Frankfurt Airport Frankfurt am Main (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,392 ft asl to 35,297 ft asl, an increase of 33,904 ft in 18 minutes and covering 120 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 282 kt192 kt min to max 306 kt 192 287 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.5 °0.0 ° min to max 27.9 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.70 g min to max 1.30 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,008 fpm103 fpm min to max 4,433 fpm 3,720 1,222 fpm
Info Average altitude 17,444 ft asl1,392 ft asl min to max 35,297 ft asl 1,392 35,297 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °1.1 ° min to max 14.5 ° 14.4 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,165 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3,895 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3,964 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 5,669 ft agl · 258 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,364 ft agl · 279 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7,816 ft agl · 281 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8,984 ft agl · 295 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9,086 ft agl · 299 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 13,032 ft agl · 370 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 13,196 ft agl · 371 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 34,924 ft agl · 491 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north of Titz (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 194 minutes, covering 1,465 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,269 ft of 35,206 ft asl33,926 ft asl min to max 35,842 ft asl 35,377 33,928 ft asl
100 % Average speed 285 kt283 kt min to max 290 kt 289 284 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.5 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.0 1.9 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started Latitude: 58.4544365 Longitude: -33.5790468. Climbing from 33,928 ft asl to 35,905 ft asl, an increase of 1,977 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 279 kt274 kt min to max 286 kt 284 276 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.87 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 1,063 fpm5 fpm min to max 2,034 fpm 5 85 fpm
Info Average altitude 34,965 ft asl33,928 ft asl min to max 35,920 ft asl 33,928 35,905 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °1.5 ° min to max 4.3 ° 1.9 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 33,929 ft agl · 501 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 35,803 ft agl · 503 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started Latitude: 58.5001386 Longitude: -33.9956012 and lasted 107 minutes, covering 812 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,295 ft of 35,546 ft asl35,364 ft asl min to max 35,900 ft asl 35,898 35,365 ft asl
100 % Average speed 273 kt268 kt min to max 276 kt 276 273 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 14.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.8 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.3 2.0 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 67 miles north east of Hopedale (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada). Climbing from 35,365 ft asl to 38,615 ft asl, an increase of 3,249 ft in 3 minutes and covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kt255 kt min to max 274 kt 273 255 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 882 fpm-140 fpm min to max 2,093 fpm -2 -44 fpm
Info Average altitude 37,542 ft asl35,365 ft asl min to max 38,617 ft asl 35,365 38,615 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.0 2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 38,510 ft agl · 504 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 41 miles north east of Hopedale (Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada) and lasted 121 minutes, covering 984 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,431 ft of 39,112 ft asl38,607 ft asl min to max 40,126 ft asl 38,612 40,126 ft asl
100 % Average speed 255 kt253 kt min to max 258 kt 255 256 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 17.5 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.9 2.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 8 miles north of CNN7 Gooderham/Pencil Lake Seaplane Base Peterborough (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 40,127 ft asl to 7,758 ft asl, a decrease of 32,369 ft in 14 minutes and covering 92 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 290 kt203 kt min to max 322 kt 256 203 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 15.3 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.66 g min to max 1.22 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,850 fpm-5,507 fpm min to max 158 fpm 9 -64 fpm
Info Average altitude 19,125 ft asl7,753 ft asl min to max 40,127 ft asl 40,127 7,758 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-9.7 ° min to max 4.7 ° 2.5 3.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 38,922 ft agl · 497 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 28,073 ft agl · 487 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 27,427 ft agl · 479 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 12,809 ft agl · 391 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 12,293 ft agl · 375 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 11,764 ft agl · 375 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 10,005 ft agl · 327 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9,348 ft agl · 302 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,212 ft agl · 297 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 7,200 ft agl · 246 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,144 ft agl · 246 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south east of CYBM Little's Farm Brampton (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±888 ft of 7,768 ft asl7,757 ft asl min to max 7,784 ft asl 7,762 7,782 ft asl
100 % Average speed 200 kt199 kt min to max 202 kt 202 200 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 17.8 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.05 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °3.8 ° min to max 4.7 ° 3.8 4.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles north of Milton (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 7,773 ft asl to 2,818 ft asl, a decrease of 4,955 ft in 3 minutes and covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 191 kt179 kt min to max 202 kt 196 180 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.9 °0.0 ° min to max 27.7 ° 0.1 25.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.84 g min to max 1.22 g 0.84 1.14 g
Info Average VSI -467 fpm-3,167 fpm min to max 492 fpm -250 -184 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,282 ft asl2,799 ft asl min to max 7,773 ft asl 7,773 2,818 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °-3.3 ° min to max 7.1 ° 1.6 5.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,965 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,719 ft agl · 202 kt
Enroute Level 5 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles north of CMB5 Bellshill (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±641 ft of 2,830 ft asl2,810 ft asl min to max 2,850 ft asl 2,817 2,841 ft asl
100 % Average speed 178 kt176 kt min to max 180 kt 180 178 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.3 °0.0 ° min to max 28.7 ° 25.9 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.91 g min to max 1.21 g 1.12 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °3.8 ° min to max 6.7 ° 5.4 4.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,819 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 1,819 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 2,199 ft agl · 183 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north east of Milton (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,795 ft asl to 1,886 ft asl, a decrease of 909 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 160 kt144 kt min to max 178 kt 171 147 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 24.1 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.14 g 1.10 0.88 g
Info Average VSI -441 fpm-724 fpm min to max 247 fpm -333 -267 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,270 ft asl1,880 ft asl min to max 2,816 ft asl 2,795 1,886 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-1.2 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,184 ft agl · 172 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,820 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,806 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 1,622 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 1,614 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,345 ft agl · 151 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,335 ft agl · 148 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,330 ft agl to 1,024 ft agl. A decrease of 307 ft in 22 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.1 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 150 kt148 kt min to max 152 kt 148 149 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.05 g 0.88 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -782 fpm-892 fpm min to max -499 fpm -499 -801 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,175 ft agl1,024 ft agl min to max 1,330 ft agl 1,330 1,024 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-2.1 ° min to max -0.6 ° -2.0 -1.0 °
33.253.53.7549501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,010 ft agl to 690 ft agl. A decrease of 319 ft in 26 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °3.2 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt146 kt min to max 149 kt 149 147 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -798 fpm-825 fpm min to max -773 fpm -815 -784 fpm
Info Average altitude 842 ft agl690 ft agl min to max 1,010 ft agl 1,010 690 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.9 -0.3 °
22.252.52.7536507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 678 ft agl to 387 ft agl. A decrease of 292 ft in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.5 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt146 kt min to max 147 kt 147 146 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.4 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -730 fpm-819 fpm min to max -668 fpm -785 -707 fpm
Info Average altitude 527 ft agl387 ft agl min to max 678 ft agl 678 387 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.3 -0.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 456 ft agl · 146 kt
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 95.87Approaching runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 374 ft agl to 122 ft agl. A decrease of 252 ft in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
79 % Approach angle 3.8 °3.5 ° min to max 4.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 4.8 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt147 kt min to max 148 kt 147 147 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -796 fpm-880 fpm min to max -630 fpm -765 -630 fpm
Info Average altitude 246 ft agl122 ft agl min to max 374 ft agl 374 122 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.5 -0.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 61.35Landing on runway 05 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, runway length 3,195 m. Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 146 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 146 kt. Target 138 kt
45 % Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.05 m left0.05 m left to 0.03 m left 0.04 0.03 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.3 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 0.94 g
Info Average speed 143 kt136 kt min to max 146 kt 146 136 kt
Info Average VSI -425 fpm-664 fpm min to max -128 fpm -660 -139 fpm
Info Average altitude 39 ft agl16 ft agl min to max 80 ft agl 80 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 3.0 ° -0.1 2.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 34 ft agl · 141 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,20001531466177Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,200-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.08Touchdown point was 568 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 136 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -139 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 2 °C. Wind 13 kt at 130 °. Crosswind: 13 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown rate was -139 fpm.
55 % Touchdown distance was 868 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 136 ktTarget below 135 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 3.97 m left2.27 m left 3.97 1.55 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °1.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.1 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.24 g0.94 g min to max 1.40 g 0.94 1.19 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 133 kt132 kt min to max 136 kt 136 132 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °2.2 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 2.2 °
Arrival Rollout 96.48Total landing distance 1,936 m, 61 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,936 m61 % of runway.
92 % Runway alignment max 5.19 m right1.55 m left to 5.19 m right 1.55 -0.33 m
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.96 g min to max 1.19 g 1.19 1.00 g
Info Average speed 119 kt66 kt min to max 128 kt 128 66 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-1.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.2 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 2.6 °0.5 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.0 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 30 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kt3 kt min to max 61 kt 61 3 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.5 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 14 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 19 kt 5 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 15 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 15 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 15 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Parking Brake On 15 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 15 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 15 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Stopped 15 ft agl

Takeoff from EDDF 07R

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
23kt peak

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,860m47 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.92m R
Liftoff speed100.00
171kttarget 156, 15 late

Liftoff and climb

35 ft
180ktat 8.8°, 3.2 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
2.0°steepest

Plan view the roll down the 3,984 m runway.

Rolled from 83 m in, drifted 2.1 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 47 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS4 kn75 %widest 2.09 m RROLL 83 M INAirborne 1,878 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,878 m of 3,984 m · 47 %
Behind the start of the roll, 83 mTakeoff roll, 1,795 m Left ahead, 2,106 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 966 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,822 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,330 fpm on average to 966 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140160KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 171 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFFheld 10.5°7.7° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090120 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb attitude heldClimb 3

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to CYYZ 05

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3287234012491,000 ft gate7 of 71,096 ft · 149 kt500 ft gate7 of 7582 ft · 146 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 39× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 9 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR24 m L024 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3 m R4 m R7 m R6 m R3 m R4 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +7 kt and +13 kt on the approach speed of 139 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 139+7 kt+9 kt+7 kt+9 kt+8 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on CYYZ 05

Over the threshold

Threshold height45.40
79ft
Threshold speed100.00
146kttarget 139, 7 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.05m L
Bank100.00
1.6°steepest
Flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

Touchdown

Past threshold55.07
868m
Centreline96.66
3.97m L
Speed100.00
136kttarget 135, 1 fast
Touchdown rate93.29
-1,011fpm
Impact100.00
1.40G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
2.0°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
947m56 % used
Rollout alignment92.18
5.19m R

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
19kt peak

Side view — the last 1,937 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 79 ft, 29 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 868 m in, 563 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,937 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

79 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −1,011 fpm · 2.6° nose up · 136 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 79 ft, down at 868 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 460 fpm at 77 ft to 0 fpm at 16 ft, then back up to 1,010 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.7° on the way down. Into 77 ft at 146 kt, 7 kt over the 139 kt approach speed, and 136 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−1°4°10°touchdown−1,011 fpm at touchdown2.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,937 m of the 3,195 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 1.5 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.1 m right at the widest. 11 kt across from the right, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 136 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, 2.0° of bank.

Wind 129° at 11 kt · 1 kt head · 11 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 11 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 868 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 868 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,815 m of 3,195 m · 57 %
In the air over the runway, 868 mRollout, 947 m Left over, 1,380 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 129 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 32 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,056 m30 kt · 1,264 mtouchdown1,314 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from Frankfurt Airport, the Boeing 747-8 began its journey with a taxiing period of 16 minutes, covering 4 nautical miles to reach the runway. The aircraft then took off from runway 07R, utilizing a takeoff distance of 1,866 meters, which accounted for 47% of the runway. The liftoff speed was achieved at 171 knots, with a local temperature of 14°C and wind conditions of 12 knots at 48°.

As the aircraft climbed to cruising altitude, it traversed over 120 nautical miles in 18 minutes, reaching a height of 35,297 feet above sea level. The enroute level cruise phase commenced 2 miles north of Titz, Germany, and lasted for 194 minutes, covering a distance of 1,465 nautical miles. The aircraft then underwent several climb and level cruise phases, with notable increases in altitude and decreases in descent rates. Notably, the climb from 33,928 feet to 35,905 feet in 2 minutes covered 12 nautical miles, while the descent from 40,127 feet to 7,758 feet in 14 minutes spanned 92 nautical miles.

As the aircraft approached its destination, Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport, it began its final descent. The aircraft touched down on runway 05, with a touchdown point 532 meters beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed was slightly above target at 136 knots, but the touchdown rate was smooth at -139 feet per minute. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4 meters from the centerline. Following a total landing distance of 1,936 meters, accounting for 61% of the runway, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, concluding its journey of 3,563 nautical miles in 498 minutes, with a fuel consumption of 63,270 kilograms.

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