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EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 07C
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight62,113 kg
Fuel5,552 kg
Wind90° · 8 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

97.14 %
EKCH
Copenhagen, Denmark
Runway 04L
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight59,603 kg
Fuel2,942 kg
Wind100° · 4 kn · 3 kn cross
9 Nov 2026 1:13 391 nm Airbus A320ceo 2,610 kg
Departure Score
98.56 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
92.85 %

What went well

Touchdown 340 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 42 ft and 132 kt — both inside band
1.30 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 86 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.95 points
Firm touchdown — 306 fpm with one bounce, −0.55 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · bounced once−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 306 fpm−0.16
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.12
Arrival Taxi — peak taxi speed 34 kt at 80 %, −0.55 points

Next time

Arrival

Begin raising the nose sooner, starting the flare by 11 ft to give the sink time to be arrested before touchdown.

What happened: The flare began late at 7.6 ft, 3.7 ft below the normal band; a late flare like this usually leaves too little time to arrest the sink, and a bounce often follows at touchdown.

Watch for: Radio altimeter: begin the flare by 11 ft

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 97.80Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 31 kt 4 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Parking Brake On 9 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 9 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 21 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 07C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport, Average speed was 15 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt4 kt min to max 9 kt 8 4 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 95.00Departure roll runway 07C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 1,632 m 41 % of runway. Rotation speed was 156 kt. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 9 kt at 90 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,632 m41 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 156 ktTarget 148 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.00 m left1.00 m left to 0.15 m right 0.31 0.76 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max 7.8 ° -0.6 7.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 07C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 164 kt161 kt min to max 167 kt 161 167 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.16 g0.99 g min to max 1.22 g 0.99 1.22 g
Info Average VSI 623 fpm201 fpm min to max 1,184 fpm 201 1,184 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °7.9 ° min to max 14.3 ° 7.9 14.3 °

Events

Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 12 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 12 ft agl · 159 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 16 ft agl · 161 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 07C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.1 °
100 % Average speed 167 kt162 kt min to max 168 kt 168 162 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.19 g0.92 g min to max 1.23 g 1.22 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 1,915 fpm1,201 fpm min to max 3,784 fpm 1,201 3,784 fpm
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 328 ft agl 28 328 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.5 °14.4 ° min to max 20.6 ° 14.4 19.3 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 155 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 155 ft agl · 166 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 07C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 157 kt154 kt min to max 160 ktTarget 164 kt, 7 kt slow 160 154 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.0 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.91 g min to max 0.96 g 0.91 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up at 62 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average VSI 3,557 fpm3,380 fpm min to max 3,751 fpm 3,751 3,380 fpm
Info Average altitude 642 ft agl391 ft agl min to max 891 ft agl 391 891 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 19.5 °19.3 ° min to max 19.8 ° 19.4 19.8 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EDDF Frankfurt Airport Frankfurt am Main (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,364 ft asl to 37,008 ft asl, an increase of 35,645 ft in 19 minutes and covering 129 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 273 kt147 kt min to max 314 kt 151 256 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 28.9 °0.0 ° min to max 28.9 ° 1.9 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.73 g min to max 1.20 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,745 fpm-106 fpm min to max 3,789 fpm 3,338 39 fpm
Info Average altitude 21,003 ft asl1,364 ft asl min to max 37,018 ft asl 1,364 37,008 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °2.8 ° min to max 20.0 ° 19.9 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 0-13 min to max 7 -3 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,993 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4,679 ft agl · 229 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,363 ft agl · 289 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead EDVT Ithwiesen Airfield Ith (Lower Saxony, Germany) and lasted 8 minutes, covering 64 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,350 ft of 37,023 ft asl37,005 ft asl min to max 37,375 ft asl 37,010 37,375 ft asl
100 % Average speed 256 kt254 kt min to max 256 kt 256 254 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 17.3 °0.0 ° min to max 17.3 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-5 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.9 4.4 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Wrestedt (Lower Saxony, Germany). Climbing from 37,581 ft asl to 38,977 ft asl, an increase of 1,396 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 249 kt245 kt min to max 253 kt 253 246 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.91 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 897 fpm298 fpm min to max 1,122 fpm 1,122 298 fpm
Info Average altitude 38,344 ft asl37,581 ft asl min to max 38,977 ft asl 37,581 38,977 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.5 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.3 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Himbergen (Lower Saxony, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 25 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,450 ft of 39,010 ft asl39,000 ft asl min to max 39,021 ft asl 39,000 39,005 ft asl
100 % Average speed 244 kt240 kt min to max 245 kt 245 240 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.3 3.5 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Lehsen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany). Descent from 39,016 ft asl to 1,416 ft asl, a decrease of 37,600 ft in 25 minutes and covering 151 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 246 kt213 kt min to max 346 kt 238 213 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 27.0 °0.0 ° min to max 27.0 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.90 g min to max 1.20 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,220 fpm-3,358 fpm min to max 75 fpm -14 -1,174 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,121 ft asl1,416 ft asl min to max 39,016 ft asl 39,016 1,416 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °-4.4 ° min to max 4.2 ° 3.5 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 0-13 min to max 14 0 -3

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,782 ft agl · 299 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,553 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,312 ft agl · 213 kt
Arrival Approach 85.71Final approach to runway 04L at EKCH Copenhagen Kastrup Airport. Descent from 1,446 ft agl to 62 ft agl in 86 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,312 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,043 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 935 ft agl · 188 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 873 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 698 ft agl · 171 kt
Arrival Landing 96.48Landing on runway 04L at EKCH Copenhagen Kastrup Airport, runway length 3,532 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 132 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 132 kt. Target 134 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
88 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare began at 8 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 340 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
98 % Runway alignment max 9.73 m left9.73 m left to 1.00 m left 1.00 9.73 m
97 % Steepest bank angle 3.7 °0.1 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.5 3.7 °
100 % Peak g force 1.09 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.09 g
Info Average speed 133 kt131 kt min to max 134 kt 132 131 kt
Info Average VSI -483 fpm-514 fpm min to max -430 fpm -454 -430 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl5 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 42 5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °3.3 ° min to max 6.9 ° 3.6 6.9 °
07515022530037501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 90.31Touchdown distance was good at 340 m. Touchdown speed at 131 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -306 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.3 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 5 kt at 110 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Touchdown rate was -306 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 340 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 131 ktTarget below 126 kt
84 % Runway alignment max 10.30 m left9.93 m left 9.73 9.98 m
82 % Steepest bank angle 3.7 °1.4 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.7 1.4 °
100 % Peak g force 1.30 g1.09 g min to max 1.30 g 1.09 1.27 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 131 kt131 kt min to max 132 kt 131 131 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °6.9 ° min to max 7.0 ° 6.9 7.0 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 11 ft agl · 129 kt
Arrival Rollout 99.93Total landing distance 1,399 m, 40 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,399 m40 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 5.42 m right3.47 m left to 5.42 m right 3.47 -0.97 m
99 % Average g force 1.00 g0.81 g min to max 1.51 g 1.15 1.00 g
Info Average speed 97 kt64 kt min to max 127 kt 127 64 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-1.0 ° min to max 7.3 ° 7.0 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 0.9 0.2 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 14 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 10 ft agl · 120 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 52 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 48 kt12 kt min to max 64 kt 64 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° -1.0 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 9 ft agl · 52 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 8 ft agl · 31 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 14 kt
Arrival Taxi 91.80Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Average speed 21 kt0 kt min to max 34 kt 7 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 15 ktmax 19 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.6 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 33 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 33 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 27 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 27 kt

Takeoff from EDDF 07C

Taxi out

Lights75.00
Offstrobes
Taxi speed97.25
31kt peak9 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,632m41 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.00m L
Rotation speed100.00
156kttarget 148, 8 late

Rotated late, and quickly

The nose came up at 156 kt, 8 kt after the 148 kt rotate speed, and rose at 3.3° a second, faster than the 2.1 to 2.9 other Airbus A320ceo pilots fly.

The pull started late and then came quickly, as if to make up the time. Start it on the rotate speed instead, so there is nothing to catch up, and keep it to the normal rate for this aircraft.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
161ktat 7.9°
Rotation
3.3°/sover 2.2 s, gaining 5 kt
35 ft
168ktat 15.0°, 3.9 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
0.1°steepest
Gear up100.00
62ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
157kttarget 164

Plan view the roll down the 3,986 m runway.

Rolled from 85 m in, never more than 0.8 m off the centreline. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 0.79 m RROLL 85 M INAirborne 1,635 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,635 m of 3,986 m · 41 %
Behind the start of the roll, 85 mTakeoff roll, 1,550 m Left ahead, 2,351 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 891 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,032 m of runway left; gear up at 62 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,700 fpm on average to 891 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3157 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 167 m · 2.2 sRotate 156 kttarget 148Liftoff 161 ktGear up 62 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060025°13°0°nose up on the runway · 167 m · 2.2 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 148held 18.7°7.9° off · 3.3°/s15° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320ceo pilots over the last 180 days (230 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2.1°/s2°/s3°/s2.9°/sTAIL STRIKE 11.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT7.9° off · 3.3°/s15° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.1 to 2.9°/s, other Airbus A320ceo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 85.716 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,160 fpm1,020 fpm
On glideslope3.3°3.3°
On centreline0.1° off0.0° off
On speed+67 kt+25 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 34 kt above the approach speed of 134 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 134 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.3 nm, about 480 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EKCH 04L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 110 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,4287493812091,000 ft gate6 of 7on speed1,141 ft · 201 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on speed598 ft · 159 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 1 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m L0 m R1 m R0 m R0 m R1 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 1.3 nm (up to +81 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180200220 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 134+81 kt+38 kt+13 kt+4 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EKCH 04L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed100.00
132kttarget 134, 2 slow
Centreline offset98.40
9.73m L
Bank96.54
3.7°steepest
Flare87.94

The flare mostly held the target profile

The flare began at 8 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 340 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
340m
Centreline84.46
10.30m L
Speed100.00
131kttarget 126, 5 fast
Touchdown rate87.64
-306fpm
Impact100.00
1.30G
Bounces80.00
1
Bank82.31
3.7°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
1,023m39 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
5.42m R

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed89.75
34kt peak15 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 8 ft. Touched down 340 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 8 ft · −513 fpm · 4.8° · 132 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −305 fpm · 6.9°−305 fpm · 6.9° nose up · 131 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 42 ft, down at 340 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 510 fpm at the flare to 300 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.1° on the way down. Into the flare at 132 kt, on the 134 kt approach speed, and 131 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−305 fpm at touchdown6.9° at touchdown, +2.1° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,532 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 10 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.4 m right by the end of the rollout. 3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 131 kt. Touched down with the nose 8° into wind, 3.7° of bank.

Wind 100° at 4 kt · 2 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 340 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 340 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.30 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,363 m of 3,532 m · 39 %
In the air over the runway, 340 mRollout, 1,023 m Left over, 2,169 m

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 07C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport in 10 minutes, covering 3 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 07C with a take-off distance of 1,632 m (41 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 156 kt. Local weather was 9 °C with wind 9 kt from 090° (crosswind 3 kt, headwind 8 kt).

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 17 seconds, averaging 2,460 fpm and reaching 154 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,364 ft asl to 37,008 ft asl in 19 minutes, covering 129 nm, starting overhead EDDF Frankfurt Airport.

Level flight was maintained between 37,000 ft asl and 39,000 ft asl for 13 minutes, covering 101 nm, starting overhead EDVT Ithwiesen Airfield.

Descent from 39,016 ft asl to 1,416 ft asl took 25 minutes and covered 151 nm, starting overhead Lehsen.

Final approach to runway 04L at EKCH Copenhagen Kastrup Airport descended from 1,446 ft agl to 62 ft agl in 86 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; speed was not met. Configuration was landing gear down at 1,312 ft agl at 213 kt, and final flap position 5 at 698 ft agl at 171 kt.

Landing on runway 04L (runway length 3,532 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 132 kt. The flare was described as very good but started late. Touchdown occurred at 131 kt, a little fast, with a firm rate of minus 306 fpm. Touchdown distance was good at 340 m; the touchdown point was misaligned by 10.3 m from the centreline. One bounce occurred on touchdown. Total landing distance was 1,399 m (40 % of the runway). Runway rollout alignment was very good. Local weather was 7 °C with wind 5 kt from 110° (crosswind 4 kt, headwind 2 kt).

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 6 minutes, covering 2 nm.

The flight covered a total distance of 391 nm in 73 minutes and used 2,610 kg of fuel.

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