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NFTF
Nuku'alofa, Tonga
Runway 11
Elevation108 ft asl
Weight1,117 kg
Fuel54 kg
Wind225° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

82.37 %
NFTF
Nuku'alofa, Tonga
Runway 11
Elevation108 ft asl
Weight1,114 kg
Fuel51 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
2 Nov 2023 0:13 16 nm IRIS Grob G115E - G-BYXN 2 kg
Departure Score
89.55 %
Pattern Score
72.97 %
Arrival Score
84.58 %

What went well

Touched down at -63 fpm — a soft arrival
1.07 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 325 m — 12 % of the runway

What held you back

Pattern Downwind — Heading -26.3 ° at 0 %, Average altitude 253 ft agl at 0 %, −3.49 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −2.71 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on; Runway alignment max 324.86 m at 0 %, −2.22 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 80.00Departure roll runway 11 at NFTF Fua'amotu Intl. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 3 kn at 225 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 71 knTarget 60 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 324.86 m324.86 m left to 0.00 m left 324.86 3.94 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-1.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° -1.4 4.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.8 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 109 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 109 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 109 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 109 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Departure Climb 1 98.64Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 11 NFTF Fua'amotu Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.7 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn65 kn min to max 76 kn 71 73 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.9 0.1 °
99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.88 g min to max 1.26 g 1.13 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 457 ft/m313 ft/m min to max 552 ft/m 313 501 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 0 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °4.9 ° min to max 7.6 ° 4.9 6.8 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 11 NFTF Fua'amotu Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 75 kn71 kn min to max 85 kn 72 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.5 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.12 g 1.04 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 625 ft/m503 ft/m min to max 1,131 ft/m 503 1,131 ft/m
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 276 ft agl 41 276 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °6.2 ° min to max 9.6 ° 6.9 8.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 174 ft agl · 84 kt
Pattern Entry 99.83Left hand pattern entry from runway 11 NFTF Fua'amotu Intl. Distance was less than 1 nm in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kn81 kn min to max 98 kn 84 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.8 °3.6 ° min to max 16.2 ° 6.2 5.1 °
98 % Average g force 1.02 g0.88 g min to max 1.28 g 0.90 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 867 ft/m585 ft/m min to max 1,284 ft/m 1,010 1,103 ft/m
Info Average altitude 506 ft agl292 ft agl min to max 702 ft agl 292 702 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °5.2 ° min to max 10.8 ° 6.9 6.6 °
Pattern Crosswind 65.17Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 11 NFTF Fua'amotu Intl. Distance was 1 nm in 59 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
23 % Heading -16.6 °-33.1 ° min to max 10.0 ° 10.0 -33.1 °
100 % Average speed 94 kn87 kn min to max 98 kn 96 89 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.15 g 0.94 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 259 ft/m-80 ft/m min to max 1,065 ft/m 1,065 -23 ft/m
Info Average altitude 883 ft agl720 ft agl min to max 964 ft agl 720 960 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 3.0 °0.0 ° min to max 10.1 ° 6.0 1.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.3 1.6 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 69.83Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 4 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 121.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 121.3 °.
100 % Average speed 102 kn84 kn min to max 126 kn 89 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.0 ° min to max 30.8 ° 2.6 22.8 °
98 % Average g force 1.01 g0.72 g min to max 1.25 g 0.97 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -247 ft/m-1,855 ft/m min to max 1,089 ft/m 66 -254 ft/m
Info Average altitude 736 ft agl226 ft agl min to max 992 ft agl 962 259 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-7.6 ° min to max 6.6 ° 1.5 0.4 °
Pattern Downwind 37.26Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 63 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -26.3 °-80.1 ° min to max 23.2 ° 2.9 -80.1 °
0 % Average altitude 253 ft agl215 ft agl min to max 283 ft agl 253 273 ft agl
100 % Average speed 94 kn80 kn min to max 101 kn 98 100 kn
73 % Average g force 1.04 g0.84 g min to max 1.73 g 1.02 1.10 g
Info Average VSI 14 ft/m-357 ft/m min to max 1,019 ft/m -342 57 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 11.4 °0.1 ° min to max 37.7 ° 4.8 2.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 9.0 ° 0.2 2.9 °
Pattern Base Leg 93.98Pattern Base Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 92 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Heading -6.2 °-19.6 ° min to max 147.9 ° 8.6 -19.6 °
100 % Average speed 111 kn84 kn min to max 121 kn 99 107 kn
77 % Average g force 1.01 g0.34 g min to max 1.36 g 1.11 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -164 ft/m-1,407 ft/m min to max 869 ft/m 211 -126 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3 ft agl-70 ft agl min to max 403 ft agl 278 -70 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 23.6 ° 3.3 23.6 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-6.8 ° min to max 7.4 ° 4.1 0.9 °
Pattern Final Turn 71.73Pattern Final Turn. Distance was 4 nm in 164 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kn77 kn min to max 107 kn 107 87 kn
49 % Average bank angle 12.3 °0.0 ° min to max 41.2 ° 24.0 5.5 °
49 % Average g force 1.09 g0.30 g min to max 2.15 g 1.08 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 112 ft/m-626 ft/m min to max 2,754 ft/m -126 -364 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl-89 ft agl min to max 393 ft agl -70 316 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °-3.0 ° min to max 23.2 ° 0.9 -0.1 °
Arrival Final 1 82.40Approaching runway 11 at NFTF Fua'amotu Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 309 ft agl to 90 ft agl. A decrease of 220 ft in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
23 % Approach angle 5.1 °4.4 ° min to max 5.5 °Target 3.0 ° 4.4 5.5 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn79 kn min to max 90 kn 88 79 kn
99 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.4 ° min to max 6.6 ° 5.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.13 g 0.95 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -634 ft/m-855 ft/m min to max -396 ft/m -396 -799 ft/m
Info Average altitude 212 ft agl90 ft agl min to max 309 ft agl 309 90 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-3.8 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.7 -1.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 247 ft agl · 92 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 59.33Landing on runway 11 at NFTF Fua'amotu Intl, runway length 2,672 m. Threshold height at 83 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was well above target at 79 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 79 kn. Target 80 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 60 kn41 kn min to max 79 kn 79 41 kn
Info Average VSI -244 ft/m-652 ft/m min to max -14 ft/m -652 -63 ft/m
Info Average altitude 24 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 83 ft agl 83 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-1.5 ° min to max 7.0 ° -1.1 6.4 °
07515022530037545052560067575082590097501733506783Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825900975-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.26Touchdown point was 358 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 41 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -63 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -63 ft/m.
63 % Touchdown distance was 799 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 41 knTarget 55 kn
85 % Runway alignment max 5.81 m5.79 m left 5.80 5.75 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 41 kn40 kn min to max 41 kn 41 40 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °6.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 6.1 °
Arrival Rollout 89.89Total landing distance 1,956 m, 73 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 8.0 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,956 m73 % of runway.
78 % Runway alignment max 8.03 m8.03 m left to 0.00 m left 5.74 4.26 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average speed 47 kn30 kn min to max 50 kn 50 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.2 ° min to max 6.1 ° 6.1 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 45 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 44 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kn24 kn min to max 29 kn 29 24 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 18 kn9 kn min to max 24 kn 24 9 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 11 kn 0 9 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.2 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 4.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.9° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 9 kt 2.2° 0 s
Liftoff284 m 70 kt 4.9° 15.8 s
35 ft432 m · 4.7 s after liftoff 70 kt 6.3° 20.5 s
End of the climb1,124 m · 284 ft 82 kt 8.5° 41.5 s

Takeoff from NFTF 11

Takeoff roll100.00
325m12 %
Liftoff speed100.00
70kt
Runway alignment0.00
324.86m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.64
457fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 284 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,198 m of runway left; then climbing at 660 fpm on average to 284 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,672 m runway.

Rolled from 42 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 5.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 4 m left. Airborne 12 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 5.24 m LROLL 42 M INAirborne 326 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 326 m of 2,672 m · 12 %
Behind the start of the roll, 42 mTakeoff roll, 284 m Left ahead, 2,346 m

The approach to NFTF 11

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Low from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 2.3 nm (up to 1,180 ft under), then back on it to 0.2 nm, then high to the threshold (up to 90 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND189289348391313
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 2,965 m left of the centreline at 3.5 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2153 m L1269 m L751 m L334 m L21 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on NFTF 11

Over the threshold

Threshold height37.33
83ft
Threshold speed100.00
78kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.05m L

Touchdown

Past threshold58.84
834m
Centreline85.20
5.81m L
Speed100.00
41kt
Touchdown rate98.60
-63fpm
Impact100.00
1.07G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 51 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 51 s, an average deceleration of 0.02 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 1,174 mtouchdown1,221 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 2,096 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 83 ft, 33 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 834 m in, 529 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,096 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

83 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −63 fpm · 6.4° nose up · 41 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 83 ft, down at 834 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 720 fpm at 91 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−63 fpm at touchdown6.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 2,096 m of the 2,672 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5.8 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 7.6 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,5002,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 834 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 834 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,974 m of 2,672 m · 74 %
In the air over the runway, 834 mRollout, 1,141 m Left over, 698 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,141m73 % used
Rollout alignment77.53
8.03m L

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