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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Level the wings with coordinated aileron on short final so bank stays near wings-level through touchdown.
What happened: Wings were not level through the landing phase, with bank angle at 4.5° on short final.
Watch for: Watch the bank angle indicator, holding it near wings-level through the landing and touchdown.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 122 kt, on the 124 kt target, and lifted off at 133 kt 2.3 s later, the nose coming up at 4.6° a second. Climb 3 averaged 165 kt, 18 kt under its 183 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 822 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,472 m of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,790 fpm on average to 822 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,782 m runway.
Rolled from 198 m in, never more than 0.6 m off the centreline. Airborne 38 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3°.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast until 2.8 nm, sinking too fast until 1.5 nm, high until 0.4 nm, left of the centreline from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
High from 4 nm to 0.4 nm (up to 790 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 2,265 m right of the centreline, then 76 m left of it from 0.9 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 2.8 nm (up to +47 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 2° of bank.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 0 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 134 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.49 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 38 ft, 105 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 18 ft, 32 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 328 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 860 fpm at the flare to 190 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,102 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.5 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.8 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 328 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Boeing 737-600 departed VNKT Tribhuvan International Airport on runway 20. The take-off roll was 1,073 m, 39 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 122 kt. Local weather was 23 °C with wind 4 kt from 270°, giving a 3 kt cross-wind and 1 kt head-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 15 seconds, averaging 2,456 fpm and reaching 170 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 5,255 ft asl to 26,980 ft asl in 9 minutes, covering 66 nm while remaining overhead VNKT.
Cruise was maintained at 27,000 ft asl for 10 minutes, covering 80 nm, beginning 4 mi south-west of VQPR Phaplu Airport. Descent began from 26,990 ft asl to 7,760 ft asl in 13 minutes, covering 76 nm, starting 13 mi north-west of Gyalshing.
On final approach to runway 15 at VQPR Paro International Airport, descent from 2,025 ft agl to 44 ft agl took 92 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway met gear down, landing flap, and wings level; they did not meet sink-rate, glideslope, centreline, and speed at one gate. The landing gear was down at 1,869 ft agl at 258 kt, and final flap position 8 was selected at 1,242 ft agl at 183 kt.
The aircraft touched down on runway 15. Threshold speed was 121 kt, touchdown speed 117 kt, and touchdown rate -193 fpm. Touchdown distance was 328 m, and total landing distance was 728 m, 35 % of the 2,102 m runway. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 3.5 m from the centreline, but rollout alignment was perfect and no bounce occurred. Local weather at landing was 17 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
The flight covered 228 nm in 35 minutes and used 2,022 kg of fuel.
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