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EDLH
Hamm, Germany
Runway 24
Elevation187 ft asl
Weight970 kg
Fuel58 kg
Wind214° · 11 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

91.58 %
EDLH
Hamm, Germany
Runway 24
Elevation187 ft asl
Weight967 kg
Fuel54 kg
Wind207° · 11 kn · 6 kn cross
26 Oct 2026 0:11 12 nm Cessna 172 4 kg
Departure Score
97.36 %
Pattern Score
97.68 %
Arrival Score
79.71 %

What went well

Straight touchdown — 0.71 m off the centreline, no bounce
Rollout held the centreline — 4.75 m off at taxi speed
Rotated at 72 kt — on the 64 kt rotation target

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was good at 58 kt at 0 %, Touched down 69 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air at 0 %, −4.48 points
Firm touchdown — 245 fpm, −1.50 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.75
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 245 fpm−0.60
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.86 G at contact−0.15
Departure Taxi — peak taxi speed 35 kt at 76 %, −0.80 points

Next time

Arrival

Reduce power earlier on final to bring threshold speed back to 58 kt.

What happened: You crossed the threshold at 58 kt against a target of 58 kt, and touchdown followed at 69 m, well short of the 362 m aim point. Carrying extra speed over the threshold usually floats the flare and carries the touchdown point short.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator, target 58 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 18 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.40Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Average speed 25 kt0 kt min to max 35 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 14 kt 0 9 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-5.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° -5.3 -4.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Navigation Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Beacon Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Landing Gear Down  · 6 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 6 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 6 kt
Info Taxi Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Navigation Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Taxi Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Landing Lights Off  · 6 kt
Info Beacon Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Taxi Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Navigation Lights On  · 6 kt
Info Strobe Lights On  · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights On  · 8 kt
Info Landing Lights Off  · 11 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 24 at EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield, Average speed was 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt6 kt min to max 17 kt 8 17 kt
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-5.0 ° min to max -3.9 ° -5.0 -3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.98 g
Departure Roll 99.04Departure roll runway 24 at EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield. Takeoff distance 367 m 58 % of runway. Rotation speed was 72 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 11 kt at 214 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 367 m58 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 72 ktTarget 64 kt
95 % Runway alignment max 5.35 m right0.02 m left to 5.35 m right -1.45 -1.90 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-6.5 ° min to max -1.5 ° -3.9 -6.5 °
Info Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.2 0.8 °

Events

Info Landing Lights On  · 62 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 78 kt74 kt min to max 81 kt 74 81 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.0 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.95 g min to max 1.26 g 1.26 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 621 fpm438 fpm min to max 842 fpm 438 842 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 0 38 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -8.2 °-11.4 ° min to max -6.6 ° -6.6 -11.4 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 80 kt72 kt min to max 85 kt 81 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.2 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.16 g 1.12 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 960 fpm224 fpm min to max 1,557 fpm 850 224 fpm
Info Average altitude 250 ft agl39 ft agl min to max 763 ft agl 39 763 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -10.7 °-16.1 ° min to max -3.8 ° -11.5 -3.9 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Right hand pattern entry from runway 24 EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield. Distance was less than 1 nm in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 85 kt84 kt min to max 86 kt 86 84 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.6 °7.8 ° min to max 26.8 ° 7.8 22.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.99 g min to max 1.17 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 282 fpm198 fpm min to max 372 fpm 198 249 fpm
Info Average altitude 805 ft agl767 ft agl min to max 844 ft agl 767 844 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.6 °-5.6 ° min to max -3.8 ° -4.3 -3.8 °
Pattern Crosswind 89.42Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 24 EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield. Distance was 1 nm in 43 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Heading 8.5 °-4.8 ° min to max 23.2 ° -4.8 23.2 °
100 % Average speed 93 kt84 kt min to max 98 kt 84 96 kt
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -18 fpm-183 fpm min to max 260 fpm 133 246 fpm
Info Average altitude 833 ft agl813 ft agl min to max 850 ft agl 847 831 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 4.7 °0.2 ° min to max 19.7 ° 19.7 15.9 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-3.2 ° min to max -0.7 ° -3.1 -2.8 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 100.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 59.4 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kt94 kt min to max 96 kt 96 95 kt
100 % Average bank angle 21.1 °16.2 ° min to max 23.5 ° 16.2 23.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.90 g min to max 1.13 g 1.06 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 127 fpm-1 fpm min to max 264 fpm 222 38 fpm
Info Average altitude 847 ft agl835 ft agl min to max 857 ft agl 835 857 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-3.9 ° min to max -1.3 ° -2.7 -2.4 °
Pattern Downwind 95.76Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 109 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 3.7 °-15.4 ° min to max 10.2 ° -15.4 10.2 °
86 % Average altitude 885 ft agl841 ft agl min to max 914 ft agl 858 897 ft agl
100 % Average speed 93 kt75 kt min to max 99 kt 95 75 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.15 g 1.01 0.93 g
Info Average VSI 20 fpm-240 fpm min to max 275 fpm 70 61 fpm
Info Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 18.9 ° 18.9 10.7 °
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-4.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -2.2 -3.3 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Off 798 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Taxi Lights Off 777 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Taxi Lights On 771 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Landing Lights On 771 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 753 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 753 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 753 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 753 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 753 ft agl · 81 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 99.21Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 3 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 29.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 29.3 °.
100 % Average speed 71 kt69 kt min to max 74 kt 74 69 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.4 °12.0 ° min to max 21.1 ° 12.0 21.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -4 fpm-133 fpm min to max 75 fpm -19 -133 fpm
Info Average altitude 899 ft agl897 ft agl min to max 900 ft agl 897 898 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.4 °-5.1 ° min to max -3.2 ° -4.7 -3.2 °
Pattern Base Leg 99.35Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Heading -5.2 °-24.4 ° min to max 8.4 ° -24.4 8.4 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt69 kt min to max 76 kt 69 74 kt
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 1.04 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -293 fpm-435 fpm min to max -122 fpm -178 -122 fpm
Info Average altitude 846 ft agl791 ft agl min to max 898 ft agl 898 791 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 6.4 °3.6 ° min to max 19.6 ° 19.6 4.8 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-3.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -3.0 -1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 726 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 726 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 726 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 726 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 725 ft agl · 75 kt
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was 1 nm in 67 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 71 kt68 kt min to max 74 kt 74 68 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.1 ° min to max 10.4 ° 4.7 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 0.93 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -276 fpm-431 fpm min to max -86 fpm -123 -259 fpm
Info Average altitude 631 ft agl473 ft agl min to max 789 ft agl 789 473 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-2.7 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.3 -2.0 °
Arrival Approach Final approach to runway 24 at EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield. Descent from 708 ft agl to 222 ft agl in 127 seconds. Not scored on a circuit: the stabilisation gate is shown for reference.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 380 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 380 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 380 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 380 ft agl · 68 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 378 ft agl · 68 kt
Arrival Landing 37.30Landing on runway 24 at EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield, runway length 628 m. Touched down 69 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was good at 58 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was good at 58 kt. Target 58 kt
0 % Touched down 69 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air.Target 34 ft agl
49 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 0 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 69 m short of the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.97 m left2.97 m left to 0.24 m left 1.34 0.33 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.3 2.0 °
100 % Lowest g force 0.89 g0.89 g min to max 1.05 g 1.04 0.89 g
Info Average speed 56 kt50 kt min to max 58 kt 58 50 kt
Info Average VSI -257 fpm-390 fpm min to max -149 fpm -390 -174 fpm
Info Average altitude 28 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 60 ft agl 60 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.1 °-8.2 ° min to max -2.0 ° -2.2 -7.9 °
07515022530037545052508.3917253442Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 85.32Touchdown was 68 m short of the threshold. Touchdown speed at 50 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -245 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 11 kt at 207 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
64 % Touchdown rate was -245 fpm.
62 % Touched down 69 m short of the thresholdTarget 362 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 50 ktTarget below 58 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.83 m left0.50 m left 0.33 0.71 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.2 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.0 1.6 °
65 % Peak g force 1.86 g0.82 g min to max 1.86 g 0.89 0.85 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 50 kt49 kt min to max 50 kt 50 49 kt
Info Average pitch angle -8.0 °-8.9 ° min to max -7.8 ° -7.9 -8.9 °
Arrival Rollout 96.22Total landing distance 538 m, 86 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
57 % Landing distance 538 m86 % of runway.
92 % Runway alignment max 6.55 m left6.55 m left to 0.00 m left 6.26 4.75 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.11 g 0.87 1.03 g
Info Average speed 36 kt30 kt min to max 43 kt 43 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-13.3 ° min to max -3.5 ° -9.4 -3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 18 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt3 kt min to max 30 kt 30 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-5.6 ° min to max -2.4 ° -4.0 -5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.3 2.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1  · 23 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 23 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 23 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 23 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 23 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted  · 23 kt
Info Strobe Lights Off  · 5 kt
Info Landing Lights Off  · 7 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 10 kt 10 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -5.5 °-6.2 ° min to max -4.7 ° -5.2 -5.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.4 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 72 kt, 8 kt above the 64 kt target, and lifted off at 73 kt 0.5 s later with 5.8° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 645.8° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation began

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 22 kt 3.9° 0 s
Rotate384 m · target 64 72 kt 3.6° 16.1 s
Liftoff401 m · +1 kt from rotation 73 kt 5.8° 16.5 s
35 ft575 m · 4.9 s after liftoff 81 kt 10.9° 21.4 s
End of the climb2,320 m · 763 ft 85 kt 3.9° 74 s

Takeoff from EDLH 24

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
367m58 %
Rotation speed100.00
72kttarget 64, 8 fast
Liftoff speed
73kt
Runway alignment95.20
5.35m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
621fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 763 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 93 m of runway left; then climbing at 800 fpm on average to 763 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

1,000 ft500 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 72 kttarget 64Liftoff 73 ktSCALE CHANGES1.7 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 628 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 5.3 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS4 kn75 %widest 5.33 m RAirborne 360 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 360 m of 628 m · 57 %
Takeoff roll, 360 m Left ahead, 268 m

The circuit to EDLH 24

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.9 nm out at 94 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft27°124°221°310°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
829 ft
Bank
27°
Speed
85 kt

Off heading: 9° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
24°
Height
885 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
93 kt
Out
1.6 nm 0.9 suits 94 kt

Low on downwind: 885 ft against 1,000 ft, 115 ft below.

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
29° target 45°
Bank
21°
Height
900 ft

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

4Final turn
Bank
10°
Overshoot
20 m none
Speed
71 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind89Turn onto downwind100Downwind96Base turn99Base99Final turn100

The approach to EDLH 24

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 190 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND513409341183
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 2.2 nm, never more than 205 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND12 m R4 m L16 m L0 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −8 kt and +13 kt on the approach speed of 58 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 58+11 kt+10 kt+6 kt+4 kt−8 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EDLH 24

Over the threshold

ThresholdFail
not crossed - landed short
Centreline offset100.00
2.97m L

Touchdown

Past threshold62.11
-69m
Centreline100.00
0.83m L
Speed100.00
50kttarget 58 or less
Touchdown rate63.74
-245fpm
Impact65.14
1.86G
BouncesOk
None
The flare49.18

The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.

The crosswind

5 kt across from the left, which takes about 6° of crab to hold the centreline at 50 kt. Touched down with 6° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 207° at 11 kt · 9 kt head · 5 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 45 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 205 mtouchdown213 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 628 m of the approach.

Began the flare late, at 0 ft; crossed the threshold at 60 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 69 m before the threshold.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 628 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

60 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 0 ft, 68 m before the threshold−244 fpm · −8° · 50 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 60 ft, down at -69 m

Plan view — the full 628 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 398 M 69 m SHORT of the threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 69 m short of the threshold. The 1.86 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 192 m of 628 m · 31 %
Rollout, 192 m Left over, 436 m
Rollout distance65.83
192m84 % used
Rollout alignment91.60
6.55m L

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Flight narrative

The Cessna 172 departed from EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield on runway 24. After a 3-minute, 1 nm taxi from the parking area, the take-off roll covered 367 m, which was 58 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 72 kt. Local weather was 12 °C with wind 5 kt from 192°, giving a 3 kt headwind and a 3 kt crosswind.

The aircraft climbed to 400 ft agl in 56 seconds, averaging 936 fpm and reaching 85 kt at the top of the initial climb. The right-hand circuit lasted 5 minutes. The downwind leg was 3 nm and was flown in 109 seconds at 1 050 ft agl; the base leg was less than 1 nm and took 21 seconds.

On final approach to runway 24, descent was from 708 ft agl to 222 ft agl in 127 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The aircraft was in flap position 3 at 378 ft agl and was flying 68 kt.

Touchdown occurred 68 m short of the threshold; the threshold speed was 58 kt and the touchdown speed was 50 kt, both recorded as good. The flare was described as fair with the nose raised too far, but there was no bounce. Touchdown rate was -245 fpm, rated fair, and runway-touchdown alignment was perfect. Total landing distance was 538 m, 86 % of the 628 m runway, and rollout alignment was very good.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm. The entire flight covered 12 nm, lasted 11 minutes, and used 4 kg of fuel.

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