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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 169 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 31 kt fast at 200 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 169 kt in the climb
Arrival
Adjust your approach path so you touch down at the 457 m aim point instead of beyond it.
What happened: Touchdown point came 73 m past the target, landing at 530 m against the 457 m aim point. Landings that touch down this far beyond the aim point typically leave less runway available for stopping.
Watch for: Touchdown distance marker: 457 m from the threshold.
Speed at this height is usually bought with gradient. It's rarely dangerous and it's often just an early acceleration, but with flaps still out you may be heading towards the flap limit and a flat fast climb puts you at the acceleration altitude with the cleaning-up still to do.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
Rotated late
The nose came up at 129 kt, 7 kt after the 122 kt rotate speed.
The pull started after the rotate speed had gone by. Bring the airspeed into the scan as it approaches the rotate speed, so the pull starts on the number rather than when you notice it has passed.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 2,695 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted 1.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 7 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 23 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,082 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 1,843 m of runway left; gear up at 284 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 670 fpm on average to 1,082 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.
The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 750 Citation X pilots over the last 180 days (54 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 39× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 9 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +3 kt and +12 kt on the approach speed of 118 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Perfect landing flare
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 23 ft. Touched down 530 m in, 225 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 360 fpm at the flare to 210 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.7° on the way down. Into the flare at 125 kt, 7 kt over the 118 kt approach speed, and 119 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,984 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.5 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 0.4 m right by the end of the rollout. 3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 119 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.
Wind 101° at 7 kt · 6 kt head · 3 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
Touched down 530 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 112 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 27 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to the runway for 19 minutes, covering 3 nm, and departed from runway 05R at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport. Take-off was completed in 597 m, which is 22 % of the runway length, and rotation occurred at 129 kt. Local weather at departure was 11 °C with wind 9 kt from 140°, giving a 9 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.
Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl took 94 seconds, averaging 648 fpm and reaching 248 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1 245 ft asl to 15 013 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 29 nm while passing 2 nm north of Ratingen. Cruise at 15 000 ft asl was held for 5 minutes, covering 34 nm, beginning 1 nm north-west of Lindlar.
Descent began from 14 674 ft asl to 4 025 ft asl in 7 minutes, covering 34 nm, starting overhead Vielbach. Level flight at 4 000 ft asl continued for 15 minutes, covering 54 nm, beginning 1 nm north-east of Eppstein. A further descent from 3 999 ft asl to 1 658 ft asl took 3 minutes, covering 10 nm, starting overhead Klein-Winternheim.
Final approach to runway 07R at EDDF Frankfurt Airport descended from 1 352 ft agl to 42 ft agl in 117 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 2 022 ft agl at 210 kt, and flap position 4 was selected at 1 727 ft agl at 173 kt.
Landing was made on runway 07R, whose length is 3 984 m. The threshold speed was slightly above target at 127 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 102 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 119 kt, noted as a little fast, with a fair descent rate of minus 208 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 3.5 m from the centreline, but there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 1 264 m, representing 32 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for 7 minutes, covering 1 nm. The total flight covered 175 nm in 54 minutes and used 754 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 8 °C with wind 6 kt from 101°, giving a 3 kt cross-wind and a 5 kt head-wind.
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