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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel41 kg

Flight Score

91.57 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight692 kg
Fuel41 kg
11 Apr 2023 0:05 4 nm Bristell B23
Departure Score
95.00 %
Pattern Score
88.99 %
Arrival Score
90.71 %

What went well

Touched down at -89 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 315 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.34 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 35 %, −2.25 points
Departure Climb 2 — scored 90.00 %, −1.67 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 80.9 ° at 0 %, −1.43 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.

Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Start to finish · 14 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 15.2 m agl from runway 23 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn43 kn min to max 72 kn 43 72 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 1.5 m/s0.9 m/s min to max 2.4 m/s 0.9 2.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 4.8 m agl-0.2 m agl min to max 14.0 m agl -0.2 14.0 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °4.1 ° min to max 7.9 ° 4.1 7.9 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 121.9 m agl from 23 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 72 kn68 kn min to max 73 kn 72 69 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.0 4.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 3.8 m/s2.4 m/s min to max 5.4 m/s 2.4 4.2 m/s
Info Average altitude 40.7 m agl16.8 m agl min to max 134.6 m agl 16.8 134.6 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °7.9 ° min to max 11.7 ° 7.9 9.6 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Right hand pattern entry from runway 23 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 70 kn68 kn min to max 73 knTarget 70 kn 69 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.2 °10.7 ° min to max 17.9 ° 11.2 16.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 3.5 m/s1.9 m/s min to max 4.5 m/s 3.7 1.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 171.0 m agl141.9 m agl min to max 193.7 m agl 141.9 193.7 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °5.5 ° min to max 10.6 ° 9.6 5.5 °
Pattern Crosswind 90.56Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 23 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
79 % Heading 8.1 °-14.9 ° min to max 18.8 ° -14.9 18.8 °
100 % Average speed 79 kn73 kn min to max 83 kn 73 83 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -0.1 m/s-0.9 m/s min to max 1.7 m/s 1.7 -0.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 196.5 m agl190.9 m agl min to max 198.9 m agl 195.3 190.9 m agl
Info Average bank angle 6.4 °0.6 ° min to max 16.6 ° 16.6 4.9 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.6 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 0.6 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 88.58Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 59.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
62 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 59.5 °.
100 % Average speed 84 kn83 kn min to max 85 kn 83 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °6.0 ° min to max 18.8 ° 6.0 18.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -1.1 m/s-1.6 m/s min to max -0.7 m/s -1.0 -0.8 m/s
Info Average altitude 181.8 m agl173.4 m agl min to max 189.9 m agl 189.9 173.4 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 1.4 °
Pattern Downwind 73.80Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
94 % Heading 5.9 °-17.2 ° min to max 18.3 ° -17.2 18.3 °
19 % Average altitude 178.0 m agl171.4 m agl min to max 184.2 m agl 172.9 184.1 m agl
100 % Average speed 78 kn76 kn min to max 84 kn 84 76 kn
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 0.2 m/s-0.6 m/s min to max 1.1 m/s -0.6 0.0 m/s
Info Average bank angle 4.7 °0.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 18.3 7.3 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.5 ° min to max 4.5 ° 1.6 2.6 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 70.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 80.9 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 80.9 °.
100 % Average speed 76 kn74 kn min to max 79 kn 76 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.7 °0.3 ° min to max 14.6 ° 4.1 9.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -0.8 m/s-3.4 m/s min to max 1.0 m/s -0.1 -1.3 m/s
Info Average altitude 179.7 m agl144.7 m agl min to max 194.4 m agl 184.0 144.7 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-1.9 ° min to max 4.6 ° 2.6 1.4 °
Pattern Base Leg 100.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 17 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -2.6 °-18.2 ° min to max 15.9 ° -18.2 15.9 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn70 kn min to max 75 kn 75 70 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -2.3 m/s-3.9 m/s min to max -1.2 m/s -1.2 -3.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 125.0 m agl102.1 m agl min to max 143.5 m agl 143.5 102.1 m agl
Info Average bank angle 9.0 °7.7 ° min to max 12.5 ° 9.8 12.5 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-3.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 -2.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 402 ft agl · 74 kt
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 65 kn61 kn min to max 70 kn 70 61 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.6 °9.2 ° min to max 16.0 ° 14.4 9.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.09 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -3.0 m/s-4.0 m/s min to max -2.4 m/s -4.0 -2.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 75.9 m agl57.8 m agl min to max 98.1 m agl 98.1 57.8 m agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-2.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° -2.6 0.7 °
Arrival Final 1 92.82Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 55.5 m agl to 9.4 m agl. A decrease of 46.1 m in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Approach angle 2.4 °1.8 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 56 kn54 kn min to max 60 kn 60 54 kn
93 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.4 0.0 °
90 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.8 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -2.0 m/s-2.5 m/s min to max -1.8 m/s -2.4 -1.8 m/s
Info Average altitude 20.0 m agl9.4 m agl min to max 55.5 m agl 55.5 9.4 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.9 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.9 3.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 72.96Landing on runway 23 at EGPE Inverness, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 54 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 54 kn. Target 55 kn
35 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
97 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average speed 49 kn44 kn min to max 54 kn 54 44 kn
Info Average VSI -0.8 m/s-1.8 m/s min to max -0.2 m/s -1.8 -0.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 3.0 m agl0.3 m agl min to max 8.0 m agl 8.0 0.3 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °4.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 4.0 7.2 °
07515022530037501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 98.97Touchdown distance was good at 311 m. Touchdown speed at 44 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -0.5 m/s. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Touchdown VSI was -0.5 m/s.
100 % Touchdown distance was 311 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 knTarget 50 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.35 m0.33 m left 0.29 0.34 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 0.98 1.01 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kn43 kn min to max 44 kn 44 43 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °7.2 ° min to max 8.0 ° 7.2 8.0 °
Arrival Rollout 98.09Total landing distance 619 m, 34 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 619 m34 % of runway.
96 % Runway alignment max 3.08 m0.33 m left to 2.75 m right 0.33 -0.18 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average speed 43 kn30 kn min to max 47 kn 47 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °7.3 ° min to max 8.3 ° 8.0 7.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.7 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 19 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 22 kn0 kn min to max 44 kn 29 44 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 6.9 ° 6.9 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 0.85 g0.19 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.19 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 1 kt

Takeoff

100.00Rate of climb303 fpm

The circuit to EGPE 23

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 77 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft18°119°215°316°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
585 ft
Bank
18°
Speed
70 kt

Off heading: 8° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
19°
Height
584 ft
Speed
78 kt
Out
1.1 nm 0.8 suits 77 kt

Low on downwind: 584 ft against 1,000 ft, 416 ft below.

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
81° target 45°
Bank
15°
Height
604 ft

Lost marks: scored 70.

4Final turn
Bank
16°
Overshoot
0 m none
Speed
65 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind91Turn onto downwind89Downwind74Base turn70Base100Final turn100

The approach to EGPE 23

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND247
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 143 m right of the centreline at 0.5 nm, then inside the band from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND120 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height58.64
26ft
Threshold speed100.00
53kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.01m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
315m
Centreline100.00
0.35m L
Speed100.00
44kt
Touchdown rate95.89
-89fpm
Impact100.00
1.06G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 48 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 17 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 326 mtouchdown339 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 26 ft, 24 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 315 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

26 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −89 fpm · 7.2° nose up · 44 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 26 ft, down at 315 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 400 fpm at 22 ft to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−89 fpm at touchdown7.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.6 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 315 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 315 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 595 m of 1,814 m · 33 %
In the air over the runway, 315 mRollout, 281 m Left over, 1,218 m
Rollout distance100.00
281m33 % used
Rollout alignment95.76
2.75m R

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