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KTOA
Torrance, United States
Runway 11L
Elevation82 ft asl
Weight1,774 lbs
Fuel304 lbs
Wind40° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

86.80 %
KHHR
Hawthorne, United States
Runway 25
Elevation62 ft asl
Weight1,769 lbs
Fuel299 lbs
Wind200° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross
27 Oct 2024 0:06 9 nm Van's RV-14 5 lbs
Departure Score
90.11 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
70.29 %

What went well

Touched down at -88 fpm — a soft arrival
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band
Airborne in 827 ft — 21 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 3,740 ft at 0 %, Runway alignment max 20.7 ft at 88 %, −4.20 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kn at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 57 %, −3.00 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 75 kn at 12 %, Landing Bounce at 40 %, −2.61 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 13 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 11L at KTOA Zamperini Field, Average speed was 9 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 28 kn 0 28 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °0.0 ° min to max 12.0 ° 0.0 8.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.5 °
Info Average g force 0.96 g0.92 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.93 g

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Departure Roll 81.58Departure roll runway 11L at KTOA Zamperini Field. Takeoff distance 827 ft 21 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 76 kn. Local weather - Temperature 72 °F. Wind 3 kn at 40 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 827 ft21 % of runway
84 % Liftoff speed was 76 knTarget 64 kn
63 % Runway alignment max 42.9 ft42.9 ft left to 0.0 ft left 18.2 42.9 ft
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.92 g min to max 1.05 g 0.95 1.05 g
60 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °4.2 ° min to max 9.1 ° 7.0 9.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.6 3.6 °
Departure Climb 1 94.92Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 11L KTOA Zamperini Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation -1.8 °-2.0 ° min to max -1.4 ° -1.9 -1.4 °
100 % Average speed 88 kn76 kn min to max 98 kn 76 98 kn
90 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.2 ° min to max 5.6 ° 3.4 3.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 571 ft/m304 ft/m min to max 820 ft/m 304 820 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 2 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °7.3 ° min to max 9.3 ° 9.1 8.9 °
Departure Climb 2 99.12Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 11L KTOA Zamperini Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.4 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 104 kn98 kn min to max 124 kn 98 124 kn
96 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.2 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 1,032 ft/m826 ft/m min to max 1,962 ft/m 826 1,962 ft/m
Info Average altitude 106 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 51 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °8.0 ° min to max 11.5 ° 8.9 11.5 °

Events

Info Bounce during liftoff 220 ft agl · 117 kt
Departure Climb 3 84.82Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 11L KTOA Zamperini Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.7 °
100 % Average speed 120 kn117 kn min to max 124 kn 124 117 kn
24 % Average bank angle 11.7 °0.3 ° min to max 30.8 ° 2.1 30.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 1.04 0.95 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,573 ft/m2,134 ft/m min to max 2,843 ft/m 2,134 2,256 ft/m
Info Average altitude 664 ft agl422 ft agl min to max 902 ft agl 422 902 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.6 °11.1 ° min to max 15.1 ° 11.9 11.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Lomita (California, United States). Climbing from 1,022 ft asl to 1,041 ft asl, an increase of 20 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 108 kn98 kn min to max 118 kn 117 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 20.5 °0.4 ° min to max 35.6 ° 33.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.14 g 0.96 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 123 ft/m-430 ft/m min to max 1,975 ft/m 1,975 76 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,068 ft asl1,022 ft asl min to max 1,106 ft asl 1,022 1,041 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °1.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 9.6 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Lomita (California, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,115 ft asl1,035 ft asl min to max 1,248 ft asl 1,042 1,107 ft asl
100 % Average speed 109 kn88 kn min to max 166 kn 97 166 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.0 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.68 g min to max 1.35 g 1.02 0.85 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °-6.0 ° min to max 7.5 ° 4.7 -0.6 °
Arrival 59.31Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Lomita (California, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 152 kn123 kn min to max 173 kn 166 123 kn
0 % Average bank angle 17.7 °0.0 ° min to max 53.7 ° 0.9 1.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.10 g0.71 g min to max 1.62 g 0.87 0.71 g
Info Average VSI -485 ft/m-2,724 ft/m min to max 1,452 ft/m -90 -645 ft/m
Info Average altitude 943 ft asl156 ft asl min to max 1,324 ft asl 1,104 156 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-9.5 ° min to max 6.3 ° -1.4 -3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 98.84Approaching runway 25 at KHHR Jack Northrop Field\/Hawthorne from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 94 ft agl to 25 ft agl. A decrease of 68 ft in 9 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.3 °1.0 ° min to max 1.9 °Target 3.0 ° 1.9 1.8 °
100 % Average speed 117 kn108 kn min to max 123 kn 123 108 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
94 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 1.6 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.70 g min to max 1.32 g 0.70 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -482 ft/m-859 ft/m min to max 137 ft/m -658 137 ft/m
Info Average altitude 41 ft agl19 ft agl min to max 94 ft agl 94 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-3.6 ° min to max 5.0 ° -3.6 3.4 °
00.250.50.751050100150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 64.04Landing on runway 25 at KHHR Jack Northrop Field\/Hawthorne, runway length 3,511 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 108 kn. Target 60 kn
57 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.85 g min to max 1.13 g 0.92 0.97 g
Info Average speed 92 kn75 kn min to max 108 kn 108 75 kn
Info Average VSI -77 ft/m-185 ft/m min to max 136 ft/m 136 -85 ft/m
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 21 ft agl 21 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °1.4 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.2 4.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 17 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 15 ft agl · 100 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,75001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,750-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 68.62Touchdown point was excessively long using more than 75% of available runway. Touchdown speed at 75 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -85 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 73 °F. Wind 4 kn at 199 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -85 ft/m.
68 % Touchdown distance was 2,463 ftTarget 1,500 ft
12 % Speed at touchdown 75 knTarget 52 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.6 ft0.2 ft left -0.2 0.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.7 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.21 g 0.97 1.04 g
40 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 67 kn60 kn min to max 75 kn 75 60 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.6 °4.0 ° min to max 13.2 ° 4.0 9.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl · 64 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 63 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 62 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 62 kt
Arrival Rollout 49.66Total landing distance 3,740 ft, 107 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Landing distance 3,740 ft107 % of runway.
88 % Runway alignment max 20.7 ft20.7 ft left to 0.0 ft left 0.7 20.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.04 g
Info Average speed 55 kn43 kn min to max 59 kn 59 43 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.9 °9.5 ° min to max 12.5 ° 9.5 12.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 3 ft agl · 57 kt
Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 50 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 12 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn5 kn min to max 37 kn 37 5 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.8 °11.8 ° min to max 11.9 ° 11.9 11.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 1.02 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 75 kt with 6.6° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.6° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 33 kt 7.0° 0 s
Liftoff651 ft 75 kt 6.6° 7.0 s
35 ft1,474 ft · 5.6 s after liftoff 94 kt 9.2° 12.7 s
End of Climb 36,782 ft · 902 ft 117 kt 11.1° 40.3 s

Takeoff from KTOA 11L

Takeoff roll100.00
827ft21 %
Liftoff speed84.45
75kt
Runway alignment63.42
42.9ft L
Bounce on takeoff60.00
Yes
Rate of climb94.92
571fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 902 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,550 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,630 fpm on average to 902 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 75 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,912 ft runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 35 ft at the widest, and lifted off 36 ft left. Airborne 13 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 35.1 ft LAirborne 540 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 540 ft of 3,912 ft · 14 %
Takeoff roll, 540 ft Left ahead, 3,372 ft

The approach to KHHR 25

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 100 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND145
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 0.8 nm, never more than 440 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND6 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KHHR 25

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
20ft
Threshold speed0.00
107kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold67.84
2,465ft
Centreline100.00
1.4ft L
Speed12.23
75kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-88fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
Bounces40.00
3
The crosswind

3 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 75 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° into wind, wings level.

Wind 200° at 4 kt · 2 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 3,511 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 20 ft, 30 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,465 ft in, 1,465 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,511 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

20 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −85 fpm · 4° nose up · 75 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 20 ft, down at 2,465 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 19 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 100 fpm before coming down at 80 fpm to touch. The nose came up 0.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−85 fpm at touchdown4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,511 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,465 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,465 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.21 G arrival bounced 3 times.

Runway used 2,817 ft of 3,511 ft · 80 %
In the air over the runway, 2,465 ftRollout, 352 ft Left over, 694 ft
Rollout distance79.29
352ft80 % used
Rollout alignment88.13
20.7ft L

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