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MY FS FLIGHTS
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See Arrival Approach
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 73 kt with 3.7° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 80 kt, 7 kt under its 87 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 426 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 91 m of runway left; then climbing at 780 fpm on average to 426 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 628 m runway.
Rolled from 82 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.6 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.6 m left. Airborne 50 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set.
At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 0.6 nm, about 390 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the glideslope.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
On the glideslope from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 1.0 nm, then high to 0.6 nm (up to 250 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 3.5 nm, where the final began, to 2.5 nm, then drifted 119 m left between 2.5 and 1.4 nm, then inside the band from 1.4 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 9° left of the track, 6° of bank.
Wind 238° at 10 kt · 9 kt head · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 598 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 33 ft, 250 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 61 ft, 11 ft above the 50 ft target; ballooned 2 ft from 9 ft. Touched down 27 m before the threshold.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 598 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Plan view — the full 598 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 27 m short of the threshold. The 1.28 G arrival bounced 2 times.
The rest of the report
Departing runway 24 at EDLH Hamm-Lippewiesen Airfield, the Piper PA-24-250 Comanche began its takeoff roll, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 74 kt in a distance of 343 m, which represented 55% of the available runway. The aircraft then transitioned into a steady climb, overcoming the local headwind of 11 kt to reach an altitude of 3,358 ft asl in 4 minutes, covering a distance of 7 nm. This climb phase was initiated overhead Hamm, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, and marked the beginning of the enroute climb.
Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, maintaining an altitude of 3,358 ft asl for 8 minutes while covering a distance of 18 nm. This phase was conducted overhead Bergkamen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Subsequently, the aircraft began its enroute descent, reducing altitude from 3,285 ft asl to 1,420 ft asl in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 7 nm. The descent phase was initiated 2 miles east of EDLB Borkenberge Airfield, Lüdinghausen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
Upon approaching EDLB Borkenberge Airfield, the aircraft executed a final approach to runway 25 from the east, aligning with the heading of 246.0° at 3 nm and 1,251 ft agl. Touchdown occurred before the threshold, with a speed of 62 kt and a firm touchdown rate of -386 fpm. The aircraft's landing distance of 187 m, representing 31% of the available runway, was satisfactory. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.2 m from the centreline, and the runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned by 10.9 m from the centreline. The total flight distance was 35 nm, and the aircraft consumed 96 kg of fuel during the 18-minute flight.
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