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CYKM
Kincardine, Canada
Runway 31
Elevation764 ft asl
Weight1,420 lbs
Fuel89 lbs
Wind6° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

97.99 %
CPE4
Cambridge, Canada
Runway 35
Elevation1,050 ft asl
Weight1,417 lbs
Fuel86 lbs
Wind6° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
20 Nov 2024 0:06 79 nm DR400 3 lbs
Departure Score
95.59 %
Enroute Score
99.86 %
Arrival Score
98.51 %

What went well

Touched down at -98 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 540 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.8 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 20.0 ° at 53 %, −0.79 points
Departure Roll — Liftoff speed was 70 kn at 59 %, −0.68 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was well above target at 66 kn at 85 %, −0.31 points

Next time

Avoid steep turns at low altitude

See Departure Climb 3

Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 13 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 31 at CYKM Kincardine Municipal Airport, Average speed was 10 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn2 kn min to max 25 kn 2 25 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.1 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.98 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 17 kt
Departure Roll 91.81Departure roll runway 31 at CYKM Kincardine Municipal Airport. Takeoff distance 1,015 ft 25 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 2 kn at 6 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,015 ft25 % of runway
59 % Liftoff speed was 70 knTarget 54 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 7.0 ft0.0 ft left to 7.0 ft right -4.1 -3.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 0.98 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.7 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.8 4.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31 CYKM Kincardine Municipal Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn70 kn min to max 77 kn 70 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.14 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 409 ft/m295 ft/m min to max 524 ft/m 295 515 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 47 ft agl 1 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °4.3 ° min to max 6.7 ° 4.3 6.1 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31 CYKM Kincardine Municipal Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn77 kn min to max 80 kn 77 80 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.1 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 0.98 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 669 ft/m513 ft/m min to max 1,014 ft/m 514 1,014 ft/m
Info Average altitude 104 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 360 ft agl 48 360 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.5 °6.1 ° min to max 8.6 ° 6.1 8.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 293 ft agl · 80 kt
Departure Climb 3 90.53Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31 CYKM Kincardine Municipal Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.6 °-2.3 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.3 -2.3 °
100 % Average speed 80 kn80 kn min to max 81 kn 80 80 kn
53 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.0 ° 0.8 20.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.07 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 987 ft/m793 ft/m min to max 1,073 ft/m 1,015 793 ft/m
Info Average altitude 481 ft agl377 ft agl min to max 587 ft agl 377 587 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °8.2 ° min to max 9.1 ° 8.3 8.7 °
Enroute Climb 99.71Enroute climb started overhead CNS7 Kincardine Kincardine (Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,365 ft asl to 2,235 ft asl, an increase of 871 ft in 2 minutes and covering 76 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 93 kn80 kn min to max 136 kn 80 92 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.5 °0.0 ° min to max 33.8 ° 20.1 30.1 °
97 % Average g force 1.04 g0.78 g min to max 1.60 g 1.03 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 315 ft/m-1,500 ft/m min to max 1,450 ft/m 808 270 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,987 ft asl1,365 ft asl min to max 2,562 ft asl 1,365 2,235 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °-6.8 ° min to max 9.6 ° 8.6 4.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,526 ft agl · 142 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead CPE4 Cambridge / Reid's Field Cambridge (Ontario, Canada). Descent from 2,240 ft asl to 1,417 ft asl, a decrease of 824 ft in 2 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kn70 kn min to max 102 kn 90 70 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.6 °0.2 ° min to max 31.0 ° 30.4 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.68 g min to max 1.47 g 1.14 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -399 ft/m-1,837 ft/m min to max 479 ft/m 280 -1,020 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,034 ft asl1,417 ft asl min to max 2,309 ft asl 2,240 1,417 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-11.6 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 -6.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 737 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 608 ft agl · 81 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead CPE4 Cambridge / Reid's Field Cambridge (Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 71 kn68 kn min to max 72 kn 68 72 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 8.6 ° 6.9 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 1.05 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -912 ft/m-1,247 ft/m min to max -770 ft/m -904 -816 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,319 ft asl1,248 ft asl min to max 1,402 ft asl 1,402 1,248 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.7 °-10.5 ° min to max -3.8 ° -5.2 -4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 99.46Approaching runway 35 at CPE4 Cambridge / Reid's Field from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 184 ft agl to 11 ft agl. A decrease of 173 ft in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.8 °1.0 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 68 kn66 kn min to max 72 kn 72 66 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.0 °
97 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.7 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.12 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -412 ft/m-835 ft/m min to max -255 ft/m -835 -255 ft/m
Info Average altitude 57 ft agl11 ft agl min to max 184 ft agl 184 11 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-4.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° -4.2 0.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 96.27Landing on runway 35 at CPE4 Cambridge / Reid's Field, runway length 2,800 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 66 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Threshold speed was well above target at 66 kn. Target 55 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.7 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.01 g
Info Average speed 62 kn57 kn min to max 66 kn 66 57 kn
Info Average VSI -161 ft/m-254 ft/m min to max -98 ft/m -254 -98 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1 ft agl-4 ft agl min to max 8 ft agl 8 -4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.4 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.5 2.7 °
025050001121324354Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 98.33Touchdown distance was good at 534 ft. Touchdown speed at 57 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -98 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 2 kn at 6 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -98 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 534 ftTarget 1,433 ft
92 % Speed at touchdown 57 knTarget 51 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.8 ft0.4 ft right -0.2 -0.8 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.01 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 56 kn56 kn min to max 57 kn 57 56 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.7 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.7 2.0 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,917 ft, 68 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,917 ft68 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 7.7 ft0.0 ft left to 7.7 ft right -0.8 -5.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 0.99 g
Info Average speed 50 kn33 kn min to max 54 kn 54 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.9 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2 ft agl · 51 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 20 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kn3 kn min to max 28 kn 28 3 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.6 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.7 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 2.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.7° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 29 kt 0.8° 0 s
Liftoff964 ft 69 kt 2.7° 10.7 s
35 ft1,693 ft · 5.8 s after liftoff 76 kt 6.7° 16.5 s
End of Climb 36,894 ft · 587 ft 80 kt 8.7° 55.1 s

Takeoff from CYKM 31

Takeoff roll100.00
1,015ft25 %
Liftoff speed59.07
69kt
Runway alignment100.00
7.0ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
408fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 587 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,126 ft of runway left; then climbing at 790 fpm on average to 587 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,059 ft runway.

Rolled from 240 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 7 ft at the widest, and lifted off 4 ft right. Airborne 29 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 6.9 ft RROLL 240 FT INAirborne 1,204 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,204 ft of 4,059 ft · 30 %
Behind the start of the roll, 240 ftTakeoff roll, 964 ft Left ahead, 2,855 ft

The approach to CPE4 35

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 250 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND222
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 0.8 nm, never more than 440 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CPE4 35

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
7ft
Threshold speed85.06
65kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
540ft
Centreline100.00
0.8ft R
Speed91.63
57kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-98fpm
Impact100.00
1.07G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 006° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 56 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.08 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 1,433 fttouchdown1,490 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 2,800 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 7 ft, 43 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 540 ft in, 460 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,800 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

7 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −98 fpm · 2.7° nose up · 57 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 7 ft, down at 540 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 210 fpm at 7 ft to 100 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−98 fpm at touchdown2.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 2,800 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 7 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 540 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 540 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,864 ft of 2,800 ft · 67 %
In the air over the runway, 540 ftRollout, 1,324 ft Left over, 936 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,324ft66 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
7.7ft R

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