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EDLN
Monchengladbach, Germany
Runway 13
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel150 kg

Flight Score

92.35 %
EDLN
Monchengladbach, Germany
Runway 13
Elevation121 ft asl
Weight1,554 kg
Fuel130 kg
10 May 2023 0:16 15 nm PA44 Seminole 20 kg
Departure Score
89.69 %
Enroute Score
97.19 %
Arrival Score
89.46 %

What went well

Touched down at -135 ft/m — a soft arrival
Touchdown 241 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.87 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 1 — Heading variation 2.7 ° at 0 %, −2.87 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 53 %, Threshold speed was well above target at 91 kn. at 67 %, −1.67 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 81 kn at 40 %, −0.79 points

Top opportunity

Smooth the climb

Departure Climb 1

Pull to 15 degrees at one rate and you get a clean liftoff, pull to the same 15 degrees at twice the rate and you get an overshoot, a push, and an oscillation through the first few hundred feet. The type-general rule of thumb is a rotation rate of about 2 to 3 degrees per second, which means roughly five to seven seconds from starting the pull to reaching the initial climb attitude of around 15 degrees nose-up. Count it out loud during your next takeoff and you will almost certainly discover you have been rotating in two seconds flat.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Climb 1 74.14Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading variation 2.7 °-0.6 ° min to max 84.9 ° 84.9 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 56 kn0 kn min to max 81 kn 0 81 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.0 0.0 °
91 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.40 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 433 ft/m0 ft/m min to max 839 ft/m 0 839 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4 ft agl-5 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl -5 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 14.3 ° 0.0 12.0 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 2 97.24Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn78 kn min to max 89 kn 81 89 kn
89 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.1 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.12 g 1.05 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 1,061 ft/m810 ft/m min to max 1,304 ft/m 859 1,124 ft/m
Info Average altitude 136 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 380 ft agl 52 380 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.6 °9.9 ° min to max 14.4 ° 12.1 14.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 118 ft agl · 80 kt
Departure Climb 3 97.68Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -2.2 °-2.9 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.2 -2.9 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn85 kn min to max 98 kn 89 92 kn
88 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.3 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.79 g min to max 1.17 g 1.09 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,453 ft/m884 ft/m min to max 1,948 ft/m 1,326 1,547 ft/m
Info Average altitude 678 ft agl396 ft agl min to max 982 ft agl 396 982 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.8 °9.8 ° min to max 15.9 ° 15.2 11.8 °
Enroute Climb 92.52Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,134 ft asl to 2,447 ft asl, an increase of 1,313 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
81 % Climb speed 96 kn92 kn min to max 98 knTarget 85 kn 92 96 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.93 g min to max 1.00 g 0.94 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,209 ft/m1,077 ft/m min to max 1,456 ft/m 1,456 1,171 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,626 ft asl1,134 ft asl min to max 2,447 ft asl 1,134 2,447 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °8.6 ° min to max 11.2 ° 11.2 9.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 97.43Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Kaarst (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,704 ft asl2,549 ft asl min to max 2,780 ft asl 2,549 2,626 ft asl
100 % Average speed 130 kn101 kn min to max 143 kn 101 143 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.3 °0.1 ° min to max 21.8 ° 8.8 14.5 °
74 % Average g force 1.02 g0.30 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 1.08 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-2.9 ° min to max 7.8 ° 7.8 -0.7 °
Enroute Descent 98.97Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 2,619 ft asl to 2,176 ft asl, a decrease of 444 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 145 kn142 kn min to max 151 kn 143 151 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.2 ° min to max 15.9 ° 14.7 0.2 °
90 % Average g force 1.03 g0.86 g min to max 1.43 g 1.07 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -588 ft/m-1,288 ft/m min to max -91 ft/m -434 -419 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,510 ft asl2,176 ft asl min to max 2,619 ft asl 2,619 2,176 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-4.8 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.4 -1.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 99.83Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,005 ft asl1,938 ft asl min to max 2,139 ft asl 2,139 1,938 ft asl
100 % Average speed 141 kn138 kn min to max 147 kn 147 143 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 11.0 ° 1.3 4.0 °
98 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.28 g 1.01 1.07 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° -0.2 0.9 °
Arrival 94.51Arrival started 1 mile east of Korschenbroich (Duesseldorf District, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 125 kn95 kn min to max 139 kn 139 98 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.9 °0.0 ° min to max 20.3 ° 4.0 2.0 °
73 % Average g force 1.01 g0.48 g min to max 1.73 g 1.04 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -52 ft/m-1,726 ft/m min to max 917 ft/m -5 -728 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,954 ft asl1,223 ft asl min to max 2,204 ft asl 1,939 1,223 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-8.3 ° min to max 4.6 ° 1.2 -2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,882 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,965 ft agl · 131 kt
Arrival Final 3 98.08Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,090 ft agl to 749 ft agl. A decrease of 340 ft in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.5 °3.5 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.5 ° 3.6 3.5 °
100 % Average speed 97 kn97 kn min to max 98 kn 98 97 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 2.7 4.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -681 ft/m-740 ft/m min to max -640 ft/m -731 -666 ft/m
Info Average altitude 911 ft agl749 ft agl min to max 1,090 ft agl 1,090 749 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.0 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.9 -1.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 124 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 124 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 124 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 124 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 124 ft agl
22.252.52.7536507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 96.41Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 738 ft agl to 357 ft agl. A decrease of 381 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.2 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.5 ° 3.5 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 96 kn94 kn min to max 98 kn 97 95 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.2 1.0 °
82 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.2 ° min to max 8.8 ° 1.9 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -679 ft/m-868 ft/m min to max -366 ft/m -672 -424 ft/m
Info Average altitude 530 ft agl357 ft agl min to max 738 ft agl 738 357 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-2.2 ° min to max 1.2 ° -1.4 0.2 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750800850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 91.05Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 350 ft agl to 36 ft agl. A decrease of 314 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.0 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.5 ° 3.4 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 95 kn91 kn min to max 98 kn 95 91 kn
81 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -0.3 °
85 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 7.9 ° 0.7 2.0 °
97 % Average g force 1.01 g0.70 g min to max 1.22 g 0.97 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -749 ft/m-890 ft/m min to max -420 ft/m -420 -726 ft/m
Info Average altitude 108 ft agl36 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 350 36 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-4.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -1.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 95 ft agl · 98 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 70.01Landing on runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach, runway length 1,196 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 91 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
67 % Threshold speed was well above target at 91 kn. Target 76 kn
63 % Target 50 ft agl
53 % Landing and flare profile
97 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.3 -0.0 °
98 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.6 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.2 0.6 °
94 % Average g force 1.06 g0.86 g min to max 1.36 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Average speed 86 kn81 kn min to max 91 kn 91 81 kn
Info Average VSI -439 ft/m-743 ft/m min to max -138 ft/m -722 -138 ft/m
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 28 ft agl 28 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-2.5 ° min to max 5.0 ° -2.0 3.0 °
07515022501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 85.83Touchdown distance was good at 238 m. Touchdown speed at 81 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -135 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 5 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Tailwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Touchdown VSI was -135 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 238 mTarget 457 m
40 % Speed at touchdown 81 knTarget 62 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.87 m0.79 m right -0.75 -0.87 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.4 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.03 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 1.03 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 80 kn80 kn min to max 81 kn 81 80 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.4 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.4 °
Arrival Rollout 95.40Total landing distance 572 m, 48 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 572 m48 % of runway.
90 % Runway alignment max 4.49 m0.00 m left to 4.49 m right -0.89 -3.46 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average speed 77 kn47 kn min to max 83 kn 83 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.4 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.2 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.0 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kn5 kn min to max 38 kn 38 5 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.9 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Takeoff

74.14Rate of climb432 ft/m

Approach

Not assessed1,000 ft gateNot recorded
Not assessed500 ft gateNot recorded
62.51Threshold height28 ft
67.25Threshold speed91 kt
97.14Centreline offset0.09 m R

Touchdown

100.00Touchdown point241 m
100.00Centreline at touchdown0.87 m R
40.40Touchdown speed81 kt
91.01Sink rate-135 ft/m
100.00Touchdown force1.14 G
OkBouncesNone
95.40Rollout distance308 m · 46 % used

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on EDLN 13

Past threshold
241 m
Off centreline
0.87 mR
Sink rate
-135 ft/m
Impact
1.14G

Side view — the last 1,196 m of the approach.

28 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 28 ft, down at 241 m

Plan view — the full 1,196 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 241 m past threshold CLEARED

The 241 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 549 m of 1,196 m · 46 %

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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach in the PA44 Seminole
89.69 %
74.14 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
0 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 45 0
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
91.43 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
15 7.5 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
900 400 -100
97.24 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 80 70
Bank °
88.95 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
15 12 9
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,400 1,050 700
97.68 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13 EDLN Monchengladbach.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
88.42 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
16 13 9
Climb Rate fpm
Info
2,000 1,350 700
02505007501,00003876114152190 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach in the PA44 Seminole
Landing Score 85.57 %
98.08 %
Final 3
Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,090 ft agl to 749 ft agl. A decrease of 340 ft in 29 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
98 94 90
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
90.42 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-640 -720 -800
22.252.52.7536507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,250 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
22.252.52.753-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
96.41 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 738 ft agl to 357 ft agl. A decrease of 381 ft in 33 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
98 94 90
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
82.03 %
9 4.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-366 -633 -900
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750800850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
91.05 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 350 ft agl to 36 ft agl. A decrease of 314 ft in 27 seconds.
Glideslope
91.07 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
81.07 %
Good heading alignment
Glideslope °
91.07 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
98 94 90
Alignment
81.07 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
84.55 %
8 4 0
G
97.14 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-420 -660 -900
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
70.01 %
Landing
Landing on runway 13 at EDLN Monchengladbach, runway length 1,196 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 91 kn.
Height
62.51 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
67.25 %
Threshold speed was well above target at 91 kt. Target 76 kt
Flare
53.47 %
Poor landing flare
Centreline ft
97.14 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
98 %
3 1.5 0
G
93.71 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
91 86 80
Pitch °
Info
5 1.5 -2
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-138 -469 -800
07515022501223354658 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
85.83 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 238 m. Touchdown speed at 81 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -135 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 5 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Tailwind: 4 kn.
Warning: Landed with a 4 kt tailwind
Touchdown
91.01 %
Touchdown rate was smooth at -135 ft/m.
Speed
40.4 %
Touchdown speed at 81 kt was excessively fast. Target below 62 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 238 m.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was perfect.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.7 °
G
100 %
G 1.09 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
95.4 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 572 m, 48 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 572 m using 47.82 % of runway
Alignment
89.77 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
80 60 40
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
0200400 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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