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EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight42,080 kg
Fuel6,175 kg
Wind190° · 4 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

99.70 %
LIRF
Rome, Italy
Runway 16L
Elevation7 ft asl
Weight38,457 kg
Fuel2,427 kg
Wind200° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross
10 Jun 2026 1:39 582 nm RJ85 3,748 kg
Departure Score
99.88 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.22 %

What went well

Touched down at -192 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 0.87 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 100 %

What held you back

Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 557 m at 89 %, −0.21 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 16 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 99.55Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 14 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 19 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 13 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 13 kt 0 13 kt
95 % Average g force 0.95 g-0.03 g min to max 1.43 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 4 Started 8 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 8 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 8 ft agl
Info Engine 3 Started 8 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 8 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Runway Surface Conditions 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 8 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 8 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 8 ft agl · 28 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 8 ft agl · 28 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 18 at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 1,434 m 36 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 142 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 4 kt at 190 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,434 m36 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 142 ktTarget 139 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.94 m right0.00 m left to 1.94 m right -1.34 -1.94 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.15 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 7.9 ° -0.2 7.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.83Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 145 kt142 kt min to max 147 kt 142 147 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
98 % Average g force 1.22 g1.08 g min to max 1.29 g 1.18 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 1,175 fpm663 fpm min to max 1,493 fpm 663 1,493 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 22 ft agl 0 22 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.8 °8.3 ° min to max 11.5 ° 8.3 11.3 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 150 kt147 kt min to max 158 kt 147 158 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,627 fpm1,512 fpm min to max 2,227 fpm 1,512 2,227 fpm
Info Average altitude 91 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 326 ft agl 25 326 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °10.8 ° min to max 12.2 ° 11.2 12.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 77 ft agl · 149 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 18 EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 162 kt158 kt min to max 166 ktTarget 158 kt, 4 kt fast 158 166 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.1 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up at 40 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.3 °
Info Average VSI 2,338 fpm2,264 fpm min to max 2,460 fpm 2,284 2,460 fpm
Info Average altitude 621 ft agl361 ft agl min to max 907 ft agl 361 907 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.7 °11.3 ° min to max 12.3 ° 12.3 11.8 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles west of Moerfelden-Walldorf (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,300 ft asl to 28,524 ft asl, an increase of 27,224 ft in 20 minutes and covering 110 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 259 kt156 kt min to max 294 kt 166 272 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 17.0 ° 1.4 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.72 g min to max 1.16 g 1.02 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,419 fpm1 fpm min to max 3,613 fpm 2,544 618 fpm
Info Average altitude 17,564 ft asl1,300 ft asl min to max 28,524 ft asl 1,300 28,524 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °2.0 ° min to max 16.2 ° 12.1 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,957 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9,801 ft agl · 290 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Tennenbronn (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) and lasted 17 minutes, covering 113 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,932 ft of 28,998 ft asl28,634 ft asl min to max 29,037 ft asl 28,634 28,993 ft asl
100 % Average speed 267 kt261 kt min to max 271 kt 271 269 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.0 ° min to max 30.4 ° 0.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.22 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 2.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 26,182 ft agl · 414 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 26,182 ft agl · 414 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 26,182 ft agl · 414 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 26,182 ft agl · 414 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 26,199 ft agl · 406 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 26,199 ft agl · 406 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 26,738 ft agl · 411 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 27,906 ft agl · 411 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 27,147 ft agl · 414 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 23,737 ft agl · 415 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 25,879 ft agl · 416 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 26,336 ft agl · 416 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 3 miles east of Berguen (Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland). Climbing from 29,003 ft asl to 30,982 ft asl, an increase of 1,978 ft in 3 minutes and covering 24 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 263 kt257 kt min to max 270 kt 270 257 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 563 fpm30 fpm min to max 1,586 fpm 30 179 fpm
Info Average altitude 30,060 ft asl29,003 ft asl min to max 30,982 ft asl 29,003 30,982 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.4 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.4 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 20,938 ft agl · 416 kt
Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Deactivated 20,938 ft agl · 416 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 20,938 ft agl · 416 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 20,938 ft agl · 416 kt
Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 22,032 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 22,032 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 22,032 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 22,032 ft agl · 413 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north west of Grosio (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 220 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,050 ft of 31,002 ft asl30,973 ft asl min to max 31,026 ft asl 31,008 30,998 ft asl
100 % Average speed 257 kt255 kt min to max 259 kt 259 257 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 12.2 ° 1.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °2.5 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.5 2.7 °
Enroute Descent 99.98Enroute descent started overhead Montegabbione (Umbria, Italy). Descent from 30,998 ft asl to 1,293 ft asl, a decrease of 29,704 ft in 19 minutes and covering 101 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 249 kt141 kt min to max 281 kt 257 141 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.8 °0.0 ° min to max 31.0 ° 0.1 0.2 °
99.8 % Average g force 1.06 g0.58 g min to max 1.43 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,555 fpm-5,677 fpm min to max 229 fpm 40 -816 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,963 ft asl1,293 ft asl min to max 31,004 ft asl 30,998 1,293 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-4.9 ° min to max 4.9 ° 2.7 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 29,719 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Deactivated 29,719 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 29,719 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 29,719 ft agl · 413 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 14,704 ft agl · 355 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 11,337 ft agl · 338 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 11,270 ft agl · 338 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 10,310 ft agl · 304 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Deactivated 9,758 ft agl · 296 kt
Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Activated 9,064 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Armed 9,064 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 9,064 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 9,064 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 4,463 ft agl · 280 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,262 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,262 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Activated 2,262 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,091 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,091 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,101 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Armed 2,238 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Arm Activated 2,238 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,368 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 2,368 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Disarmed 2,368 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,370 ft agl · 195 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,507 ft agl · 167 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 16L at LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport. Descent from 1,328 ft agl to 77 ft agl in 110 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 978 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot AutoThrottle Arm Disarmed 515 ft agl · 132 kt
Arrival Landing 99.32Landing on runway 16L at LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport, runway length 3,890 m. Threshold height at 56 ft agl was slightly above target. Threshold speed was good at 122 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 122 kt. Target 118 kt
97 % Threshold height at 56 ft agl was slightly above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.43 m right0.22 m left to 0.43 m right -0.43 -0.30 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average speed 115 kt107 kt min to max 122 kt 122 107 kt
Info Average VSI -372 fpm-736 fpm min to max -114 fpm -735 -210 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 56 ft agl 56 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °2.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 2.0 5.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 21 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Armed 21 ft agl · 114 kt
07515022530037545052560067501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.80Touchdown point was 131 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 107 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -192 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. Wind 4 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Touchdown rate was -192 fpm.
89 % Touchdown distance was 557 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 107 ktTarget below 114 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.87 m right0.58 m right -0.30 -0.87 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °
99 % Average g force 1.06 g0.99 g min to max 1.27 g 0.99 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 107 kt107 kt min to max 107 kt 107 107 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.5 ° min to max 5.3 ° 5.3 4.5 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,075 m, 28 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,075 m28 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.64 m right0.00 m left to 2.64 m right -0.91 -0.60 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.04 g
Info Average speed 99 kt58 kt min to max 105 kt 105 58 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.5 ° 4.5 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 0.0 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 81 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 76 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 40 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 37 kt25 kt min to max 53 kt 53 25 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.4 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 8 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 8 ft agl · 43 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 8 ft agl · 36 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Localizer Deactivated 8 ft agl · 30 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 6 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 21 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 24 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Airspeed Hold Deactivated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Captured Disarmed 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Arm Deactivated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Deactivated 8 ft agl · 29 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 8 ft agl · 28 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 8 ft agl · 28 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 8 ft agl · 4 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 142 kt with 8.3° of pitch. Climb 3 held close to its 158 kt target, at 162 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 158180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF8.3° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 17 kt -0.2° 0 s
80 kt368 m 80 kt -0.3° 39.2 s
Liftoff1,317 m · target 139 142 kt 8.3° 55.8 s
35 ft1,560 m · 3.3 s after liftoff 148 kt 11.0° 59.1 s
Gear up1,564 m · 40 ft · full marks to 400 ft 148 kt 11.0° 59.2 s
Climb 32,405 m · 362 ft to 907 ft · target 158 162 kt avg 12.3° 70 s
End of Climb 33,532 m · 907 ft 166 kt 11.8° 84 s

Takeoff from EDDF 18

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
1,434m36 %
Liftoff speed100.00
142kttarget 139, 3 fast
Runway alignment100.00
1.94m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
40ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
162kttarget 158
Rate of climb99.83
1,174fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 907 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,279 m of runway left; gear up at 40 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,920 fpm on average to 907 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3162 kt avgtarget 158THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 142 ktGear up 40 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,962 m runway.

Rolled from 124 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 1.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2 m right. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 1.95 m RROLL 124 M INAirborne 1,441 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,441 m of 3,962 m · 36 %
Behind the start of the roll, 124 mTakeoff roll, 1,317 m Left ahead, 2,521 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate610 fpm650 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.1°
On centreline0.0° off0.1° off
On speed+11 kt+11 kt
Wings level1° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIRF 16L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 20 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3086773732191,000 ft gate7 of 71,053 ft · 129 kt500 ft gate7 of 7554 ft · 129 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 6 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR18 m L018 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m L5 m R5 m R5 m R1 m R5 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +5 kt and +26 kt on the approach speed of 118 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 118+26 kt+10 kt+12 kt+10 kt+5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIRF 16L

Over the threshold

Threshold height97.29
56ft
Threshold speed100.00
122kttarget 118, 4 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.43m R

Touchdown

Past threshold89.28
555m
Centreline100.00
0.87m R
Speed100.00
107kttarget 114 or less
Touchdown rate92.33
-192fpm
Impact98.86
1.27G
BouncesOk
None
The flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 200° at 4 kt · 3 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 106 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 76 s, an average deceleration of 0.05 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 518 m30 kt · 1,803 mtouchdown1,875 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 56 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 33 ft. Touched down 555 m in, 250 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

56 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 33 ft · −613 fpm · 3.3° · 119 ktdescent slowed at 12 ft · −103 fpm · 5.6°−192 fpm · 5.3° nose up · 107 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 56 ft, down at 555 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 610 fpm at the flare to 190 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−192 fpm at touchdown5.3° at touchdown, +2° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,890 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.6 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 555 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 555 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,042 m of 3,890 m · 27 %
In the air over the runway, 555 mRollout, 486 m Left over, 2,848 m
Rollout distance100.00
486m27 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.64m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from Frankfurt Airport, the RJ85 aircraft began its journey on runway 18, accelerating down the 1,440-meter takeoff distance, which represented 36% of the available runway. At a liftoff speed of 142 knots, the aircraft lifted off into the local weather conditions, characterized by a temperature of 15°C and a gentle headwind of 4 knots. The wind direction was from the northwest, with a crosswind component of just 1 knot.

As the aircraft climbed away from Frankfurt, it began its enroute climb 2 miles west of Moerfelden-Walldorf, rising from 1,300 feet above sea level to 28,524 feet in just 20 minutes, covering a distance of 110 nautical miles. The climb was followed by a level cruise, which lasted 17 minutes and covered 113 nautical miles, before the aircraft began another climb 3 miles east of Berguen, Switzerland. This climb was more modest, increasing the aircraft's altitude by 1,978 feet in just 3 minutes, as it prepared for its final cruise phase. The RJ85 then entered a level cruise 1 mile northwest of Grosio, Italy, which lasted 16 minutes and covered a significant 220 nautical miles.

As the aircraft began its descent overhead Montegabbione, Italy, it started its final approach to runway 16L at Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport. The approach was made from the north, with the aircraft aligning perfectly with the runway. The landing was successful, with the touchdown point located 131 meters beyond the touchdown zone. The total landing distance was 1,075 meters, representing just 28% of the available runway. After a smooth rollout, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, completing its journey of 582 nautical miles, which had taken 99 minutes and consumed 3,748 kilograms of fuel.

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