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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Lower the nose and add power to raise climb speed to 127 kt.
What happened: Climb speed was 106 kt against a target of 127 kt, running 21 kt slow through the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the climb target of 127 kt.
Arrival
Add power earlier on final so you reach 86 kt by the stabilisation gate, not just somewhere later on the approach.
What happened: The aircraft was 13 kt slow at the stabilisation gate, and arriving low on energy that early usually carries through to the threshold, where it crossed 7 kt under the approach speed.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 86 kt at the gate and 84 kt at the threshold.
Between four hundred and a thousand feet you're heavy, close to the ground and still carrying flap, and speed is the margin holding all three apart. Slow here doesn't feel like anything — the aeroplane climbs, the nose is up, nothing complains — right up until a turn, a gust or a bank tightens the wing's job and the margin is already gone. The fix is rarely "fly faster", it's lowering the nose a degree and letting the speed build before the next thing you do. Pitch buys altitude, speed buys options, and at this height options are the scarcer of the two.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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Taxi out
The roll
A clean takeoff
Rotated at 83 kt against the 81 kt rotate speed, the nose rising at 2.9° a second, then held 8.8° from 35 ft, within 5.9° top to bottom.
Rotated on speed at a steady rate, and the climb attitude held. This is the takeoff to repeat: the same speed check, the same pull, the same attitude.
Liftoff and climb
Plan view the roll down the 3,227 m runway.
Rolled from 130 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 7.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.5 m right. Airborne 18 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 922 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,377 m of runway left; gear up at 10 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,440 fpm on average to 922 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 5 kt below the approach speed of 86 kt.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 2.6 nm, then not again: slow from 2.6 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 360 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 17× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 21 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 43 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.6 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −15 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Perfect landing flare
Touchdown
Rollout
Taxi in
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 43 ft, 88 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 27 ft, 23 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 261 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 460 fpm at the flare to 110 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.9° on the way down. Into the flare at 77 kt, 7 kt under the 84 kt approach speed, and 72 kt at touchdown.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,998 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.2 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.6 m right by the end of the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 320° at 15 kt · 15 kt head · 0 kt across
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.
The 261 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.
From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 25 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
The rest of the report
The Pilatus PC-12 departed from runway 35 at UBBB Heydar Aliyev International Airport. The take-off roll was 612 m, 19 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 83 kt. Local weather was 16 °C with wind 2 kt from 340°, a 1 kt cross-wind and a 2 kt head-wind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 35 seconds, averaging 1,365 fpm and reaching 109 kt at the top. The aircraft then climbed from 969 ft asl to 26,994 ft asl in 15 minutes, covering 37 nm while remaining overhead UBBB. Level flight at 27,000 ft asl continued for 25 minutes, covering 104 nm, beginning 3 nm west of Haci Zeynalabdin.
Descent began from 26,594 ft asl to 7,962 ft asl in 13 minutes, covering 40 nm, starting 7 nm east of Sheki. A further level segment at 8,000 ft asl lasted 8 minutes over 30 nm, beginning 5 nm east of UG28 Bolshiye Shiraki Air Base. The next descent from 7,909 ft asl to 2,453 ft asl took 12 minutes, covering 38 nm, starting 9 nm south-west of Sighnaghi, with a brief level-off at 4,400 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 31L at UGTB Tbilisi International Airport descended from 879 ft agl to -55 ft agl in 205 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline and wings level; the speed check was not met at one gate. Gear was lowered at 2,170 ft agl at 124 kt and final flap position 3 was selected at 1,738 ft agl at 107 kt.
Landing on runway 31L (runway length 2,998 m) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 77 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred 261 m down the runway at 72 kt with a smooth rate of -113 fpm. The touchdown point was 3.2 m off the centreline. Local weather was 13 °C with wind 15 kt from 320°, a 1 kt cross-wind and a 15 kt head-wind. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 810 m, 27 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect.
Taxiing from the runway to the parking area took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm. The entire flight covered 257 nm in 85 minutes and used 298 kg of fuel.
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