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EDMA
Augsburg, Germany
Runway 07
Elevation1,512 ft asl
Weight2,597 kg
Fuel200 kg
Wind40° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

92.54 %
ETSL
Lechfeld, Germany
Runway 21
Elevation1,798 ft asl
Weight2,583 kg
Fuel183 kg
26 May 2023 0:11 17 nm Cessna 414A 17 kg
Departure Score
97.08 %
Enroute Score
95.48 %
Arrival Score
82.52 %

What went well

Touched down at -130 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 423 m in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 568 m — 44 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -1.2 ° at 43 %, Approach angle 4.1 ° at 43 %, −2.39 points
Enroute Climb — g force 0.36 to 1.73 g at 73 %, speed limits at 78 %, −1.30 points
Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 4.2 ° at 0 %, Speed at touchdown 101 kn at 75 %, −1.17 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 98.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 17 kn 0 16 kn
95 % Average speed turning corners 13 knmax 17 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.00 g 0.97 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.7 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.0 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Info Engine 2 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Departure Roll 99.98Departure roll runway 07 at EDMA Augsburg. Takeoff distance 895 m 70 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 100 kn. Local weather - Temperature 21 °C. Wind 6 kn at 40 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 895 m70 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 100 knTarget 100 kn
99.9 % Runway alignment max 2.17 m1.55 m left to 0.62 m right -0.62 1.40 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.01 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.7 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.6 4.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 99.72Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 07 EDMA Augsburg.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 105 kn100 kn min to max 108 kn 100 108 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.0 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.05 g min to max 1.21 g 1.05 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 724 ft/m483 ft/m min to max 939 ft/m 483 939 ft/m
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 0 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °4.6 ° min to max 10.0 ° 4.6 10.0 °
Departure Climb 2 99.50Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 07 EDMA Augsburg.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 110 kn108 kn min to max 112 kn 108 112 kn
98 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.4 2.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.89 g min to max 1.08 g 1.05 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 1,272 ft/m950 ft/m min to max 2,049 ft/m 950 2,049 ft/m
Info Average altitude 107 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 377 ft agl 51 377 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °10.0 ° min to max 13.4 ° 10.0 13.0 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 340 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 118 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 243 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 243 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 243 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 340 ft agl · 116 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.22Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 07 EDMA Augsburg.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-1.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -1.2 °
100 % Average speed 114 kn112 kn min to max 116 kn 112 116 kn
41 % Average bank angle 16.6 °5.8 ° min to max 24.4 ° 5.8 24.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.81 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 1.05 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,733 ft/m1,390 ft/m min to max 2,124 ft/m 2,124 1,390 ft/m
Info Average altitude 483 ft agl412 ft agl min to max 544 ft agl 412 544 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °9.0 ° min to max 12.5 ° 12.5 9.2 °
Enroute Climb 98.73Enroute climb started overhead EDMA Augsburg Augsburg (Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 2,080 ft asl to 5,059 ft asl, an increase of 2,980 ft in 3 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Climb speed 138 kn117 kn min to max 174 knTarget 130 kn 117 174 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.3 °0.0 ° min to max 29.1 ° 25.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.76 g min to max 1.17 g 1.08 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,210 ft/m48 ft/m min to max 1,716 ft/m 1,348 427 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,564 ft asl2,080 ft asl min to max 5,059 ft asl 2,080 5,059 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °1.5 ° min to max 10.1 ° 9.2 2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 1,637 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,948 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 2,200 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,490 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 2,490 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,600 ft agl · 153 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 2,600 ft agl · 153 kt
Enroute Descent 99.43Enroute descent started 2 miles west of Dasing (Swabia, Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 5,101 ft asl to 1,940 ft asl, a decrease of 3,161 ft in 3 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 192 kn171 kn min to max 202 kn 187 171 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 9.4 14.5 °
94 % Average g force 1.02 g0.67 g min to max 1.35 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,214 ft/m-2,814 ft/m min to max 471 ft/m 471 332 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,505 ft asl1,929 ft asl min to max 5,119 ft asl 5,101 1,940 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-7.6 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.6 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 88.26Enroute climb started overhead Konigsbrunn (Swabia, Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 1,948 ft asl to 2,238 ft asl, an increase of 290 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Climb speed 150 kn129 kn min to max 163 knTarget 130 kn 163 129 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.1 °0.0 ° min to max 15.5 ° 15.1 0.9 °
73 % Average g force 1.05 g0.36 g min to max 1.73 g 1.08 0.36 g
Info Average VSI 538 ft/m-987 ft/m min to max 4,560 ft/m 426 3,940 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,955 ft asl1,871 ft asl min to max 2,238 ft asl 1,948 2,238 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °-2.3 ° min to max 22.5 ° 2.5 12.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 95.20Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Konigsbrunn (Swabia, Bavaria, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 133 kn126 kn min to max 137 kn 126 134 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.2 °0.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 3.2 11.5 °
76 % Average g force 1.00 g0.33 g min to max 1.29 g 0.33 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -206 ft/m-1,471 ft/m min to max 2,930 ft/m 2,930 267 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,136 ft asl2,062 ft asl min to max 2,296 ft asl 2,278 2,072 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-3.1 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 571 ft agl · 131 kt
Arrival Final 1 71.26Approaching runway 21 at ETSL Lechfeld AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 282 ft agl to 63 ft agl. A decrease of 218 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
43 % Approach angle 4.1 °2.8 ° min to max 4.5 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 4.2 °
100 % Average speed 120 kn112 kn min to max 133 kn 133 112 kn
43 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.4 ° -1.5 -0.4 °
70 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.2 ° min to max 13.5 ° 11.1 7.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.84 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -630 ft/m-1,200 ft/m min to max 395 ft/m 395 -972 ft/m
Info Average altitude 184 ft agl63 ft agl min to max 298 ft agl 282 63 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-4.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 -2.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 234 ft agl · 128 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-130-98-65-330336598130Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 86.18Landing on runway 21 at ETSL Lechfeld AB, runway length 2,672 m. Threshold height at 64 ft agl was above target. Threshold speed was well above target at 112 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Threshold speed was well above target at 112 kn. Target 100 kn
94 % Landing and flare profile
93 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.4 0.1 °
71 % Average bank angle 8.2 °2.4 ° min to max 13.0 ° 7.9 4.2 °
98 % Average g force 1.08 g0.85 g min to max 1.29 g 0.93 0.90 g
Info Average speed 107 kn101 kn min to max 112 kn 112 101 kn
Info Average VSI -695 ft/m-1,118 ft/m min to max -54 ft/m -978 -120 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 64 ft agl 64 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-3.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° -2.7 1.6 °
07515022530001326385164Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 85.95Touchdown point was 89 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 101 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -120 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.6 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 11 kn at 350 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Tailwind: 8 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown VSI was -120 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 422 mTarget 457 m
75 % Speed at touchdown 101 knTarget 87 kn
86 % Runway alignment max 5.63 m3.65 m left 5.63 1.25 m
0 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 4.2 0.7 °
98 % Average g force 1.04 g0.72 g min to max 1.24 g 0.90 1.21 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 99 kn97 kn min to max 101 kn 101 97 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °0.6 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.6 5.2 °
Arrival Rollout 86.67Total landing distance 2,012 m, 75 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.5 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Landing distance 2,012 m75 % of runway.
72 % Runway alignment max 11.95 m2.40 m left to 9.55 m right 1.06 -4.62 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.83 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 1.00 g
Info Average speed 95 kn57 kn min to max 108 kn 108 57 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °0.4 ° min to max 5.6 ° 5.4 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.8 0.3 °

Events

Info Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 78 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 70 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 68 kn0 kn min to max 111 kn 51 111 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °1.5 ° min to max 12.7 ° 2.1 11.0 °
Info Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 20.5 ° 0.1 20.5 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.32 g 1.02 0.98 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 9 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 146 ft agl · 115 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 100 kt with 4.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.7° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 20 kt 2.6° 0 s
80 kt284 m 80 kt 2.6° 17.7 s
Liftoff510 m 100 kt 4.7° 22.7 s
35 ft686 m · 3.4 s after liftoff 107 kt 9.7° 26.1 s
End of Climb 31,680 m · 545 ft 116 kt 9.2° 44.6 s

Takeoff from EDMA 07

Takeoff roll100.00
568m44 %
Liftoff speed100.00
100kt
Runway alignment99.92
1.55m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.72
723fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 545 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 530 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,500 fpm on average to 545 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 100 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,277 m runway.

Rolled from 61 m in, never more than 1.5 m off the centreline. Airborne 44 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 1.48 m LROLL 61 M INAirborne 571 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 571 m of 1,277 m · 45 %
Behind the start of the roll, 61 mTakeoff roll, 510 m Left ahead, 706 m

The approach to ETSL 21

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Low from 4 nm to 2.9 nm (up to 1,180 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND130109331311268293
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,572 m right of the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1572 m R1358 m R1013 m R508 m R189 m R96 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on ETSL 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height79.73
64ft
Threshold speed85.33
111kt
Centreline offset93.21
0.12m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
423m
Centreline85.83
5.63m L
Speed75.05
101kt
Touchdown rate92.59
-130fpm
Impact98.29
1.24G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, 4° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 2,011 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 64 ft, 14 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 423 m in, 118 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,011 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

64 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −120 fpm · 1.6° nose up · 101 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 64 ft, down at 423 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 73 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 100 fpm before coming down at 120 fpm to touch. The nose came up 4.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,000−2,000−3°4°10°touchdown−120 fpm at touchdown1.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 2,011 m of the 2,672 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline and drifted to 15 m left on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,5002,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 423 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 423 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,889 m of 2,672 m · 71 %
In the air over the runway, 423 mRollout, 1,466 m Left over, 782 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,466m71 % used
Rollout alignment72.28
9.55m R

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