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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Improve the takeoff
See Departure Roll
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 111 kt with 1.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,023 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 3,143 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,240 fpm on average to 1,023 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 7,300 ft runway.
Rolled from 209 ft in, drifted right of the centreline, 10 ft at the widest, and lifted off 11 ft right. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 290 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 950 ft left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.4 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Slow from 4 nm to 2.6 nm (up to −14 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
17 kt across from the right, which takes about 11° of crab to hold the centreline at 91 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 269° at 21 kt · 13 kt head · 17 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,055 ft in, 1,055 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 480 fpm at 31 ft to 70 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.7° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,901 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 10 ft left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 18 ft right at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 2,055 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.14 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with taxiing from the parking area to the runway, which took 15 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cockspur PH100, then departed from runway 24 at the KGUP Gallup Municipal Airport. The takeoff distance was 2,950 feet, which is 40% of the runway length. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 111 knots.
The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 57°F and a wind speed of 18 knots from a direction of 269°. This resulted in a crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 17 knots. The aircraft began its enroute climb 2 miles west of the KGUP Gallup Municipal Airport, rising from an altitude of 7,538 feet above sea level to 11,944 feet above sea level, an increase of 4,406 feet in just 2 minutes. This climb covered a distance of 10 nautical miles.
The enroute level cruise started 11 miles northeast of Houck, Arizona, and lasted for 7 minutes, covering a distance of 36 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent 17 miles west of Sanders, Arizona, descending from 11,421 feet above sea level to 6,972 feet above sea level, a decrease of 4,449 feet in 3 minutes. This descent covered a distance of 15 nautical miles. The aircraft then entered another level cruise, this time starting 5 miles northeast of Sun Valley, Arizona, and lasting for 2 minutes, covering a distance of 6 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 21 at P14 Holbrook Municipal Airport was made from the northeast, heading 224.0° at an altitude of 939 feet above ground level and a distance of 4 nautical miles from the runway. The landing was made on runway 21, which has a length of 5,901 feet. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was also satisfactory at 101 knots. The touchdown point was 648 feet beyond the touchdown zone, and the touchdown speed was 91 knots, which was good. The touchdown rate was excellent at -70 feet per minute.
The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 10 feet from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 65°F and a wind speed of 21 knots from a direction of 269°, resulting in a crosswind of 16 knots and a headwind of 13 knots. The total landing distance was 3,584 feet, which is 61% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was very good.
The flight ended with taxiing to the parking area from the runway, which took less than 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 75 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 27 minutes. The aircraft used 413 pounds of fuel during the flight.
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