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EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 08R
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight76,281 kg
Fuel6,834 kg
Wind120° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

99.30 %
EDDL
Düsseldorf, Germany
Runway 23L
Elevation125 ft asl
Weight72,979 kg
Fuel3,274 kg
Wind160° · 13 kn · 12 kn cross
27 Oct 2026 1:24 342 nm Airbus A321ceo 3,559 kg
Departure Score
100.00 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.90 %

What went well

Rollout held the centreline in a 12 kn crosswind — 0.14 m off at taxi speed
Touchdown 499 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 25 ft and 143 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Firm touchdown — 348 fpm, −0.51 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 348 fpm−0.48
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.02
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.32 G at contact−0.01
Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 92 %, −0.13 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 7.81 m right at 94 %, −0.06 points

Next time

Arrival

Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 334 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 347 fpm.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

There are several things that can go wrong during the flare, carrying too much speed over the threshold, starting the flare at the wrong height and inconsistent flight control inputs, all contribute to a poor flare resulting in a hard touchdown or a float down the runway.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 18 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 15 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.8 ° -0.2 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 0.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 8 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 08R at EDDM Munich Airport, Average speed was 17 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt13 kt min to max 17 kt 16 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 08R at EDDM Munich Airport. Takeoff distance 2,210 m 54 % of runway. Rotation speed was 169 kt. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 3 kt at 120 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,210 m54 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 169 ktTarget 152 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.86 m right1.58 m left to 1.86 m right -0.71 -0.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 0.93 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 5.2 ° 0.0 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 8 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08R EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 178 kt175 kt min to max 181 kt 175 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g0.93 g min to max 1.23 g 0.93 1.23 g
Info Average VSI 523 fpm148 fpm min to max 1,085 fpm 148 1,085 fpm
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 31 ft agl 0 31 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °5.3 ° min to max 11.8 ° 5.3 11.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08R EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 182 kt181 kt min to max 182 kt 182 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.19 g0.95 g min to max 1.23 g 1.23 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,702 fpm1,133 fpm min to max 3,080 fpm 1,133 3,080 fpm
Info Average altitude 75 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 306 ft agl 33 306 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.9 °11.9 ° min to max 14.8 ° 11.9 13.9 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 120 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 120 ft agl · 184 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 08R EDDM Munich Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 179 kt177 kt min to max 181 ktTarget 168 kt, 11 kt fast 181 177 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.97 g min to max 0.97 g 0.97 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up at 59 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average VSI 3,027 fpm3,000 fpm min to max 3,079 fpm 3,079 3,000 fpm
Info Average altitude 675 ft agl358 ft agl min to max 954 ft agl 358 954 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.9 °13.8 ° min to max 14.0 ° 13.8 14.0 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of EDDM Munich Airport Munich (Bavaria, Germany). Climbing from 2,480 ft asl to 31,641 ft asl, an increase of 29,162 ft in 16 minutes and covering 92 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kt174 kt min to max 295 kt 176 287 kt
100 % Average bank angle 11.2 °0.0 ° min to max 30.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.84 g min to max 1.21 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,699 fpm542 fpm min to max 3,289 fpm 2,996 1,377 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,393 ft asl2,480 ft asl min to max 31,641 ft asl 2,480 31,641 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °3.2 ° min to max 14.1 ° 14.0 4.0 °
Info Turn coordination -1-8 min to max 3 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,953 ft agl · 221 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 2,069 ft agl · 234 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 7,648 ft agl · 288 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Neustadt an der Aisch (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 12 minutes, covering 77 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,092 ft of 32,004 ft asl31,845 ft asl min to max 32,013 ft asl 31,845 32,013 ft asl
100 % Average speed 270 kt270 kt min to max 282 kt 282 270 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.0 ° min to max 17.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 3 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.6 2.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north east of Ortenberg (Hessen, Germany). Descent from 32,013 ft asl to 4,461 ft asl, a decrease of 27,552 ft in 20 minutes and covering 104 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 255 kt249 kt min to max 270 kt 270 249 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 23.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,428 fpm-1,529 fpm min to max -1 fpm -4 -1,301 fpm
Info Average altitude 16,380 ft asl4,461 ft asl min to max 32,014 ft asl 32,013 4,461 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 6 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 9,715 ft agl · 295 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Schwelm (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 28 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±712 ft of 3,995 ft asl3,723 ft asl min to max 4,245 ft asl 4,245 3,723 ft asl
100 % Average speed 221 kt219 kt min to max 248 kt 248 220 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.6 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 0.0 14.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.97 g min to max 1.15 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 3-6 min to max 7 0 -6
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °0.8 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.8 4.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of Dortmund (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 3,714 ft asl to 3,006 ft asl, a decrease of 708 ft in 6 minutes and covering 21 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 220 kt202 kt min to max 221 kt 220 202 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.9 °0.0 ° min to max 23.7 ° 16.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -252 fpm-356 fpm min to max 20 fpm -350 -5 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,343 ft asl3,005 ft asl min to max 3,714 ft asl 3,714 3,006 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °2.8 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.1 3.6 °
Info Turn coordination -3-7 min to max 3 -6 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,682 ft agl · 230 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Essen (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±650 ft of 2,984 ft asl2,830 ft asl min to max 3,010 ft asl 3,005 2,830 ft asl
100 % Average speed 202 kt198 kt min to max 203 kt 202 198 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 0-1 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °0.4 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 0.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 2,632 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 2,525 ft agl · 209 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south of EDLE Essen Mülheim Airport Essen-Mulheim (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 2,693 ft asl to 1,493 ft asl, a decrease of 1,200 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 163 kt159 kt min to max 190 kt 190 159 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -741 fpm-933 fpm min to max -630 fpm -933 -739 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,925 ft asl1,493 ft asl min to max 2,693 ft asl 2,693 1,493 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.0 ° -0.8 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,310 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 2,229 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Flaps Position 5 1,947 ft agl · 171 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,598 ft agl · 168 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport. Descent from 1,401 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 102 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 97.79Landing on runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport, runway length 2,690 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 144 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 144 kt. Target 143 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
92 % The flare held the target profile well. The flare took all the sink out 22 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 334 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 499 m past the threshold. It was on speed over the threshold, so this was more back pressure than the speed could take: raise the nose more slowly and stop as soon as the sink is checked. Once it has ballooned, hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing.
100 % Runway alignment max 7.90 m right6.78 m right to 7.90 m right -7.18 -7.81 m
98 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.09 0.99 g
Info Average speed 141 kt135 kt min to max 144 kt 144 135 kt
Info Average VSI -326 fpm-575 fpm min to max -221 fpm -575 -460 fpm
Info Average altitude 3 ft agl-17 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 25 -17 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °3.7 ° min to max 5.3 ° 5.1 5.3 °
07515022530037545052560001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.73Touchdown point was 76 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 135 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -348 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 7.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 13 kt at 160 °. Crosswind: 12 kt Headwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
64 % Touchdown rate was -348 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 499 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 135 ktTarget below 139 kt
94 % Runway alignment max 7.81 m right7.62 m right -7.81 -7.27 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.2 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.7 °
96 % Average g force 1.12 g0.99 g min to max 1.32 g 0.99 1.30 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 135 kt134 kt min to max 135 kt 135 134 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °4.9 ° min to max 5.3 ° 5.3 4.9 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,608 m, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,608 m60 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 6.94 m left6.94 m left to 0.35 m right 6.94 -0.14 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 1.01 g
Info Average speed 100 kt65 kt min to max 129 kt 129 65 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 40 kt11 kt min to max 65 kt 65 11 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 27 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 8 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 15 kt 11 2 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 8 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 8 ft agl · 17 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 169 kt, 17 kt above the 152 kt target, and lifted off at 174 kt 2.1 s later, the nose coming up at 2.4° a second. Climb 3 averaged 179 kt, 11 kt over its 168 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 168210 kt14070020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1525.3° off · 2.4°/s12° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 17 kt 0.0° 0 s
80 kt407 m 80 kt -0.4° 44.9 s
Rotate1,889 m · target 152 169 kt 0.2° 68 s
Liftoff2,075 m · +5 kt from rotation 174 kt 5.3° 70 s
35 ft2,445 m · 4.0 s after liftoff 182 kt 12.1° 74 s
Gear up2,586 m · 59 ft · full marks to 400 ft 182 kt 13.8° 76 s
Climb 33,139 m · 358 ft to 953 ft · target 168 179 kt avg 13.9° 82 s
End of Climb 34,149 m · 953 ft 177 kt 14.0° 93 s

Takeoff from EDDM 08R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,210m54 %
Rotation speed100.00
169kttarget 152, 17 fast
Liftoff speed
174kt
Runway alignment100.00
1.86m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
59ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
179kttarget 168
Rate of climb100.00
522fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 953 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,481 m of runway left; gear up at 59 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,500 fpm on average to 953 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3179 kt avgtarget 168THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 169 kttarget 152Liftoff 174 ktGear up 59 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,065 m runway.

Rolled from 140 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.3 m right. Airborne 54 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 2.19 m RROLL 140 M INAirborne 2,215 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,215 m of 4,065 m · 54 %
Behind the start of the roll, 140 mTakeoff roll, 2,075 m Left ahead, 1,850 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate700 fpm810 fpm
On glideslope3.2°3.0°
On centreline0.0° off0.3° off
On speed+13 kt+0.1 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then not again: right of the centreline from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDL 23L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3656763181631,000 ft gate7 of 71,097 ft · 156 kt500 ft gate7 of 7510 ft · 143 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 15× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then 11 m right of it from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR64 m L064 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND2 m R8 m R25 m R5 m L3 m R15 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 36 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +16 kt on the approach speed of 143 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 143+16 kt+2 kt−0 kt+1 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDL 23L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
25ft
Threshold speed100.00
143kton target
Centreline offset100.00
7.90m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
499m
Centreline94.16
7.81m R
Speed100.00
135kttarget 139 or less
Touchdown rate64.02
-348fpm
Impact96.00
1.32G
BouncesOk
None
The flare91.93

The flare held the target profile well. The flare took all the sink out 22 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 334 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 499 m past the threshold. It was on speed over the threshold, so this was more back pressure than the speed could take: raise the nose more slowly and stop as soon as the sink is checked. Once it has ballooned, hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing.

The crosswind

12 kt across from the left, which takes about 5° of crab to hold the centreline at 135 kt. Touched down with 5° of it still on, 2° of bank.

Wind 160° at 13 kt · 4 kt head · 12 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 131 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 32 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,167 m30 kt · 1,377 mtouchdown1,432 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,696 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 32 ft, 67 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 25 ft, 25 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 499 m in, 194 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,696 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

25 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 32 ft, 67 m before the threshold−505 fpm · 3.9° · 144 ktdescent slowed at 22 ft · −105 fpm · 4.9°−347 fpm · 5.3° nose up · 135 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 25 ft, down at 499 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 500 fpm at the flare to 100 fpm at 22 ft, then back up to 350 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−347 fpm at touchdown5.3° at touchdown, +1.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,696 m of the 2,690 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7.3 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 0 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 12 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 499 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 499 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 347 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,574 m of 2,690 m · 59 %
In the air over the runway, 499 mRollout, 1,075 m Left over, 1,116 m
Rollout distance100.00
1,075m59 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
6.94m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A321ceo taxied from the parking to the runway for 18 minutes, covering 4 nm, and departed from runway 08R at EDDM Munich Airport. Take-off used 2,210 m (54 % of the runway); rotation occurred at 169 kt. The local weather was 10 °C with wind 3 kt from 120°, a 2 kt crosswind and a 2 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 20 seconds, averaging 2,188 fpm and reaching 177 kt at the top. The climb continued from 2,480 ft asl to 31,641 ft asl in 16 minutes, covering 92 nm, beginning about 1 mile south-east of Munich. Level flight at 32,000 ft asl lasted 12 minutes, covering 77 nm, starting overhead Neustadt an der Aisch.

Descent from 32,013 ft asl to 4,461 ft asl took 20 minutes, covering 104 nm, beginning 2 miles north-east of Ortenberg. A level segment at 4,000 ft asl lasted 7 minutes, covering 28 nm, starting 1 mile north of Schwelm. The next descent from 3,714 ft asl to 1,493 ft asl lasted 9 minutes, covering 29 nm, starting 1 mile south-west of Dortmund, with a brief level-off at 3,000 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 23L at EDDL Düsseldorf Airport descended from 1,401 ft agl to 63 ft agl in 102 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 2,310 ft agl, 197 kt; final flap position 5 at 1,947 ft agl, 171 kt.

Landing on runway 23L (runway length 2,690 m) had a good threshold height and a threshold speed of 144 kt. The flare was described as excellent. Touchdown occurred 76 m beyond the touchdown zone at 135 kt, with a firm rate of -348 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 7.8 m from the centreline. Local weather was 12 °C with wind 13 kt from 160°, a 12 kt crosswind and a 4 kt headwind. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,608 m (60 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was very good.

The aircraft taxied to the parking from the runway for 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The flight covered 342 nm in 84 minutes and used 3,559 kg of fuel.

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