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KSBD
San Bernardino, United States
Runway 06
Elevation1,119 ft asl
Weight1,096 kg
Fuel114 kg
WindCalm

Flight Score

92.49 %
KEMT
El Monte, United States
Runway 19
Elevation282 ft asl
Weight1,076 kg
Fuel94 kg
Wind199° · 2 kn
14 Jun 2025 0:33 57 nm Cessna C182 20 kg
Departure Score
79.69 %
Enroute Score
99.93 %
Arrival Score
97.85 %

What went well

Touched down at -294 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 13 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 2 ft and 53 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, peak speed in a turn 21 kt at 54 %, −2.95 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −2.10 points
Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 %, bank angle up to 25.7 ° at 38 %, −1.50 points

Next time

Departure

Apply small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during the roll.

What happened: The aircraft tracked 26 m off the runway centreline during the ground roll, and flights with this pattern usually carry extra bank, around 2.8°, into the first climb.

Watch for: Heading indicator: wings level, tracking the runway centreline

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 55.77Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 31 kt 2 10 kt
54 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 21 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.6 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.9 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 4 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 06 at KSBD San Bernardino International Airport, Average speed was 22 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 24 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 10 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.5 1.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 0.3 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 4 ft agl
Departure Roll 68.46Departure roll runway 06 at KSBD San Bernardino International Airport. Takeoff distance 423 m 14 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 74 kt. Local weather - Temperature 26 °C. Wind 0 kt at 359 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 423 m14 % of runway
76 % Liftoff speed was 74 ktTarget 61 kt
16 % Runway alignment max 26.05 m left26.05 m left to 0.00 m left 21.35 14.13 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.19 g 0.99 1.19 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.5 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.5 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.8 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 4 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 4 ft agl · 58 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 4 ft agl · 58 kt
Departure Climb 1 97.44Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 06 KSBD San Bernardino International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Heading variation -1.1 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.3 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 75 kt74 kt min to max 76 kt 74 75 kt
94 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.7 ° min to max 4.5 ° 1.0 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.89 g min to max 1.27 g 1.21 0.90 g
Info Average VSI 817 fpm467 fpm min to max 923 fpm 467 868 fpm
Info Average altitude 26 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 2 54 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °5.4 ° min to max 11.6 ° 5.4 7.6 °
Departure Climb 2 99.26Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 06 KSBD San Bernardino International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.5 ° -0.7 -1.3 °
100 % Average speed 99 kt75 kt min to max 124 kt 75 116 kt
97 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.1 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.73 g min to max 1.24 g 0.90 1.24 g
Info Average VSI 458 fpm-241 fpm min to max 863 fpm 862 841 fpm
Info Average altitude 253 ft agl55 ft agl min to max 686 ft agl 55 686 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °-1.7 ° min to max 8.3 ° 7.6 6.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 156 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 158 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 158 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 190 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 190 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 319 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 319 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 228 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 228 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 260 ft agl · 126 kt
Departure Climb 3 77.54Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 06 KSBD San Bernardino International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.3 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt99 kt min to max 115 kt 115 99 kt
38 % Average bank angle 6.4 °0.0 ° min to max 25.7 ° 0.3 25.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.20 g 1.20 0.99 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,335 fpm593 fpm min to max 1,788 fpm 1,146 593 fpm
Info Average altitude 941 ft agl707 ft agl min to max 1,119 ft agl 707 1,119 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °4.0 ° min to max 9.7 ° 7.6 4.0 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 654 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 654 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 654 ft agl · 105 kt
Enroute Climb 99.63Enroute climb started 2 miles east of Highland (California, United States). Climbing from 2,224 ft asl to 3,009 ft asl, an increase of 786 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 108 kt85 kt min to max 127 kt 100 127 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.3 °0.0 ° min to max 27.7 ° 27.2 0.4 °
96 % Average g force 1.03 g0.67 g min to max 1.63 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 430 fpm-1,191 fpm min to max 2,480 fpm 416 -343 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,710 ft asl2,094 ft asl min to max 3,068 ft asl 2,224 3,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-5.3 ° min to max 18.9 ° 2.8 -1.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,755 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 1,755 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,755 ft agl · 119 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Highland (California, United States). Descent from 3,004 ft asl to 2,515 ft asl, a decrease of 489 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 134 kt128 kt min to max 138 kt 128 138 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 12.6 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.13 g 1.08 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -322 fpm-461 fpm min to max -157 fpm -334 -374 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,784 ft asl2,515 ft asl min to max 3,004 ft asl 3,004 2,515 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-2.5 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.3 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 1,711 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,711 ft agl · 142 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of San Bernardino (California, United States) and lasted 17 minutes, covering 39 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±625 ft of 2,340 ft asl2,076 ft asl min to max 2,509 ft asl 2,509 2,076 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kt128 kt min to max 140 kt 138 133 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 15.1 ° 0.1 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.30 g 0.98 0.88 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-8.6 ° min to max 0.9 ° -2.2 -8.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,270 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,270 ft agl · 150 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 1,717 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,717 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,029 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated 2,029 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,029 ft agl · 141 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport El Monte (California, United States). Descent from 2,076 ft asl to 1,422 ft asl, a decrease of 653 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kt94 kt min to max 134 kt 133 94 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.4 °0.1 ° min to max 19.3 ° 2.3 12.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.19 g 0.88 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -445 fpm-2,654 fpm min to max 652 fpm -1,703 121 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,442 ft asl1,310 ft asl min to max 2,076 ft asl 2,076 1,422 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-11.4 ° min to max 5.5 ° -8.6 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of San Marino (California, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±571 ft of 1,262 ft asl784 ft asl min to max 1,435 ft asl 1,422 784 ft asl
100 % Average speed 90 kt78 kt min to max 98 kt 94 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.6 °0.0 ° min to max 18.5 ° 10.8 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.32 g 0.98 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-5.8 ° min to max 7.0 ° 1.4 -3.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 831 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 741 ft agl · 101 kt
Arrival Final 2 100.00Approaching runway 19 at KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 490 ft agl to 362 ft agl. A decrease of 128 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.3 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.4 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 82 kt75 kt min to max 85 kt 85 75 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 0.96 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -534 fpm-775 fpm min to max -359 fpm -706 -432 fpm
Info Average altitude 424 ft agl362 ft agl min to max 490 ft agl 490 362 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-3.9 ° min to max -0.5 ° -3.9 -1.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 354 ft agl · 85 kt
11.251.51.752300350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 98.27Approaching runway 19 at KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 353 ft agl to 15 ft agl. A decrease of 338 ft in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.7 °0.5 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 3.3 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 60 kt53 kt min to max 73 kt 73 53 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 6.3 ° 1.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.13 g 0.92 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -325 fpm-771 fpm min to max -201 fpm -504 -340 fpm
Info Average altitude 84 ft agl15 ft agl min to max 353 ft agl 353 15 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-3.6 ° min to max 5.6 ° -2.4 5.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 98.52Landing on runway 19 at KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport, runway length 933 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 53 kt. Target 60 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
94 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.01 m right0.01 m right to 0.01 m right -0.01 -0.01 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.12 g1.09 g min to max 1.15 g 1.09 1.15 g
Info Average speed 53 kt53 kt min to max 53 kt 53 53 kt
Info Average VSI -317 fpm-334 fpm min to max -294 fpm -334 -294 fpm
Info Average altitude 2 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 3 ft agl 3 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °6.4 ° min to max 7.8 ° 6.4 7.8 °
0112233445501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft01122334455-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.32Touchdown distance was good at 13 m. Touchdown speed at 53 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -294 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 26 °C. Wind 2 kt at 200 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Touchdown rate was -294 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 13 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 53 ktTarget below 57 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.04 m right0.82 m right -0.56 -1.04 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.97 g min to max 1.32 g 1.15 1.03 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 52 kt51 kt min to max 53 kt 53 51 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °2.8 ° min to max 7.9 ° 7.8 2.8 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 126 m, 13 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 126 m13 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.46 m right0.00 m left to 1.46 m right -1.05 -1.41 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average speed 44 kt32 kt min to max 50 kt 50 32 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °1.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 40 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 19 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kt9 kt min to max 26 kt 26 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °0.9 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.9 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 24 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt4 kt min to max 10 kt 10 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.2 2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.4 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 74 kt with 2.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.3° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090120150 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 38 kt 1.5° 0 s
Liftoff374 m · target 61 74 kt 2.3° 12.5 s
35 ft521 m · 3.7 s after liftoff 75 kt 9.3° 16.2 s
End of Climb 38,551 m · 1,120 ft 99 kt 4.1° 158 s

Takeoff from KSBD 06

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
614m20 %
Liftoff speed76.17
74kttarget 61, 13 fast
Runway alignment16.13
26.05m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb97.44
815fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,120 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 2,331 m of runway left; then climbing at 460 fpm on average to 1,120 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 74 ktSCALE CHANGES5.7 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,042 m runway.

Rolled from 190 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 26 m at the widest, and lifted off 15 m left. Airborne 18 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 25.99 m LROLL 190 M INAirborne 565 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 565 m of 3,042 m · 19 %
Behind the start of the roll, 190 mTakeoff roll, 374 m Left ahead, 2,477 m

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

At the 500 ft gate: centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.9 nm, about 360 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KEMT 19

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.0 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 230 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND906409168500 ft gate6 of 7on centreline672 ft · 90 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 570 m right of the centreline at 2.0 nm, then inside the band from 1.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND570 m R17 m L6 m L55 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 2.0 nm, where the final began, to 0.9 nm (up to +33 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 64+32 kt+19 kt+0 kt−11 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KEMT 19

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
2ft
Threshold speed100.00
53kttarget 64, 11 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.01m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
13m
Centreline100.00
1.04m R
Speed100.00
52kttarget 61 or less
Touchdown rate93.30
-294fpmfirst contact -201 fpm, then bounced
Impact100.00
1.32G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare94.08

Great landing flare

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 199° at 2 kt · 2 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 7 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 130 mtouchdown136 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 933 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 2 ft, 48 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 13 m in, 291 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 933 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

2 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −201 fpm · 7.8° nose up · 53 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 2 ft, down at 13 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 280 fpm at 1 ft to 200 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−201 fpm at touchdown7.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 933 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.3 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 13 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 13 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.32 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 92 m of 933 m · 10 %
In the air over the runway, 13 mRollout, 78 m Left over, 841 m
Rollout distance100.00
78m9 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.46m R

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking area to the runway, which took approximately 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Cessna C182, then departed from runway 06 at KSBD San Bernardino International Airport. The takeoff distance was 423 meters, which accounted for 14% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 74 knots.

The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 26 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 0 knots from 359 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 0 knots and a headwind of 0 knots. As the aircraft climbed, it began to ascend from an altitude of 2,224 feet above sea level to 3,009 feet above sea level, an increase of 786 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles.

After reaching the desired altitude, the aircraft began its enroute climb, which started 2 miles east of Highland, California. The climb continued for a short period before the aircraft began its enroute descent, which started 1 mile south east of Highland. The descent from 3,004 feet above sea level to 2,515 feet above sea level, a decrease of 489 feet in 2 minutes, covered a distance of 4 nautical miles.

The aircraft then entered a level cruise, which started 1 mile north east of San Bernardino and lasted for 17 minutes, covering a distance of 39 nautical miles. The cruise was followed by another descent, which started overhead KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport El Monte. The descent from 2,076 feet above sea level to 1,422 feet above sea level, a decrease of 653 feet in 2 minutes, covered a distance of 2 nautical miles.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise, which started 1 mile south east of San Marino and lasted for 3 minutes, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. This cruise was followed by the final approach to runway 19 at KEMT San Gabriel Valley Airport, which was made from the north east, heading 208.0 degrees at 1 nautical mile and 490 feet above ground level.

The landing on runway 19 was successful, with a touchdown distance of 10 meters and a touchdown speed of 53 knots. The touchdown rate was fair at -294 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was perfect. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 26 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 2 knots from 200 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 0 knots and a headwind of 2 knots.

The total landing distance was 126 meters, which accounted for 13% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also perfect. The taxiing period from the runway to the parking area took less than 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 57 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 33 minutes. The aircraft used 20 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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