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KMDT
Harrisburg, United States
Runway 31
Elevation305 ft asl
Weight28,922 lbs
Fuel6,462 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

90.03 %
KNEW
New Orleans, United States
Runway 36L
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight28,520 lbs
Fuel6,049 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
23 Oct 2026 2:08 947 nm Cessna 750 Citation X 413 lbs
Departure Score
96.39 %
Enroute Score
93.25 %
Arrival Score
80.46 %

What went well

1.25 G at touchdown — inside band
Rollout controlled — 38 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 7.9 ft off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was a little below target at 102 kt at 0 %, Touched down 579 ft short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air at 0 %, −3.45 points
Enroute Descent — overspeed warning, then 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; bank angle up to 72.1 ° at 36 %, g force 0.89 to 2.64 g at 73 %, −2.25 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touched down 579 ft short of the threshold at 23 %, bank angle up to 4.4 ° at 72 %, −1.04 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 169 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 35 kt fast at 204 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 169 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Add power on short final to hold speed at 120 kt, correcting the slow threshold speed before it carries through to the flare.

What happened: Threshold speed was slow at 102 kt against 120 kt, and touchdown followed short of the aim point at 579 ft. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries the touchdown short.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 120 kt on short final.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 9 kt0 kt min to max 12 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.5 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 5 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 5 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 31 at KMDT Harrisburg International Airport, Average speed was 16 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt12 kt min to max 18 kt 12 18 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 31 at KMDT Harrisburg International Airport. Takeoff distance 3,243 ft 36 % of runway. Rotation speed was 130 kt. Local weather - Temperature 63 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 3,243 ft36 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 130 ktTarget 131 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 25.5 ft left25.5 ft left to 0.0 ft left 16.4 0.6 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 6.8 ° -0.7 6.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 7 ft agl · 140 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31 KMDT Harrisburg International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 146 kt139 kt min to max 152 kt 139 152 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.07 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 591 fpm271 fpm min to max 732 fpm 271 732 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 0 34 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.7 °6.9 ° min to max 8.3 ° 6.9 7.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 10 ft agl · 144 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31 KMDT Harrisburg International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 161 kt153 kt min to max 192 kt 153 192 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 0.95 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 792 fpm715 fpm min to max 2,059 fpm 733 2,059 fpm
Info Average altitude 74 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 328 ft agl 35 328 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °6.2 ° min to max 9.1 ° 7.1 9.1 °
Departure Climb 3 91.94Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31 KMDT Harrisburg International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
80 % Climb speed 204 kt193 kt min to max 214 ktTarget 169 kt, 35 kt fast 193 214 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.1 ° min to max 7.2 ° 0.1 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear up at 5 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.3 °0.8 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.8 2.1 °
Info Average VSI 2,520 fpm2,254 fpm min to max 2,630 fpm 2,254 2,630 fpm
Info Average altitude 676 ft agl365 ft agl min to max 995 ft agl 365 995 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.5 °8.1 ° min to max 9.3 ° 9.3 8.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Highspire (Pennsylvania, United States). Climbing from 1,356 ft asl to 15,244 ft asl, an increase of 13,887 ft in 6 minutes and covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 247 kt215 kt min to max 292 kt 215 292 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.1 °0.0 ° min to max 30.7 ° 2.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.16 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 2,422 fpm2,043 fpm min to max 2,856 fpm 2,649 2,489 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,998 ft asl1,356 ft asl min to max 15,244 ft asl 1,356 15,244 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °3.5 ° min to max 8.0 ° 8.0 3.5 °
Info Turn coordination -6-22 min to max 2 0 1
Enroute Descent 66.26Enroute descent started overhead Biglerville (Pennsylvania, United States). Descent from 15,657 ft asl to 7,499 ft asl, a decrease of 8,158 ft in 3 minutes and covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Average speed 304 kt187 kt min to max 379 kt 294 219 kt
36 % Average bank angle 39.4 °0.1 ° min to max 72.1 ° 0.2 2.0 °
73 % Average g force 1.46 g0.89 g min to max 2.64 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -4,848 fpm-21,136 fpm min to max 7,363 fpm 2,451 2,652 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,978 ft asl2,903 ft asl min to max 17,562 ft asl 15,657 7,499 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.5 °-27.7 ° min to max 15.6 ° 3.5 7.1 °
Info Turn coordination -15-68 min to max 9 0 3

Events

Fail Overspeed Warning Activated 13,702 ft agl · 426 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,258 ft agl
Info Overspeed Warning Deactivated 3,305 ft agl · 295 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of KFAH Carroll Valley Airport Carroll Valley (Pennsylvania, United States). Climbing from 7,942 ft asl to 36,568 ft asl, an increase of 28,626 ft in 12 minutes and covering 75 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 280 kt231 kt min to max 300 kt 231 245 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 2,486 fpm2,320 fpm min to max 2,672 fpm 2,662 2,320 fpm
Info Average altitude 22,398 ft asl7,942 ft asl min to max 36,568 ft asl 7,942 36,568 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °3.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 20 min to max 5 3 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 34,916 ft agl · 435 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 34,916 ft agl · 435 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of 4VA4 Hepner Airport Maurertown (Virginia, United States) and lasted 80 minutes, covering 697 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,347 ft of 37,001 ft asl36,932 ft asl min to max 37,014 ft asl 36,932 37,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 300 kt242 kt min to max 302 kt 242 301 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 14.8 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.06 g 0.87 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 4 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 -0.2 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of Hurley (Mississippi, United States). Descent from 37,008 ft asl to 1,282 ft asl, a decrease of 35,725 ft in 21 minutes and covering 124 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 256 kt149 kt min to max 302 kt 301 149 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 29.0 ° 0.6 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.90 g min to max 1.24 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,562 fpm-2,997 fpm min to max 567 fpm 6 -826 fpm
Info Average altitude 12,448 ft asl1,282 ft asl min to max 37,010 ft asl 37,008 1,282 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-3.5 ° min to max 1.9 ° -0.2 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 3-1 min to max 23 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 36,995 ft agl · 523 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 7,390 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 7,390 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 7,390 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 7,390 ft agl · 276 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,722 ft agl · 261 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,576 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,585 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,587 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 2,587 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 2,433 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,744 ft agl · 182 kt
Arrival Approach 91.67Final approach to runway 36L at KNEW Lakefront Airport. Descent from 1,321 ft agl to 69 ft agl in 98 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
50 % On speedfailed at one of the two gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,086 ft agl · 146 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 469 ft agl · 141 kt
Arrival Landing 41.15Landing on runway 36L at KNEW Lakefront Airport, runway length 6,063 ft. Touched down 579 ft short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was a little below target at 102 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 102 kt. Target 120 kt
0 % Touched down 579 ft short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air.Target 50 ft agl
71 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 579 ft short of the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
91 % Runway alignment max 37.1 ft left37.1 ft left to 15.4 ft left 15.4 35.4 ft
92 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.3 ° 3.2 4.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 1.07 g
Info Average speed 99 kt95 kt min to max 102 kt 102 95 kt
Info Average VSI -533 fpm-663 fpm min to max -393 fpm -663 -393 fpm
Info Average altitude 31 ft agl6 ft agl min to max 59 ft agl 59 6 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °5.9 ° min to max 9.1 ° 5.9 9.1 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,75001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 79.46Touchdown was 579 ft short of the threshold. Touchdown speed at 95 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -284 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 35 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
76 % Touchdown rate was -284 fpm.
23 % Touched down 579 ft short of the thresholdTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 95 ktTarget below 117 kt
82 % Runway alignment max 35.4 ft left34.8 ft left 35.4 34.4 ft
72 % Average bank angle 3.5 °2.6 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.04 g min to max 1.25 g 1.07 1.15 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 95 kt95 kt min to max 95 kt 95 95 kt
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °8.8 ° min to max 9.1 ° 9.1 8.8 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 2,413 ft, 40 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,413 ft40 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 14.8 ft left14.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 14.8 7.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 0.99 g
Info Average speed 81 kt49 kt min to max 96 kt 96 49 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-1.4 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.8 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 26 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 26 kt7 kt min to max 48 kt 48 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.9 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 5 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 8 kt
Arrival Taxi 90.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 12 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.8 -0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 130 kt, on the 131 kt target, and lifted off at 139 kt 2.2 s later, the nose coming up at 3.2° a second. Climb 3 averaged 204 kt, 35 kt over its 169 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 169240 kt16080020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1316.9° off · 3.2°/s7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 23 kt -0.7° 0 s
80 kt643 ft 80 kt -0.3° 7.0 s
Rotate1,979 ft · target 131 130 kt -0.2° 14.4 s
Liftoff2,485 ft · +9 kt from rotation 139 kt 6.9° 16.6 s
Gear up2,900 ft · 5 ft · full marks to 400 ft 145 kt 8.2° 18.4 s
35 ft3,576 ft · 4.4 s after liftoff 153 kt 7.1° 21.0 s
Climb 38,663 ft · 365 ft to 995 ft · target 169 204 kt avg 9.3° 38.4 s
End of Climb 313,761 ft · 995 ft 214 kt 8.1° 53.9 s

Takeoff from KMDT 31

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
3,243ft36 %
Rotation speed100.00
130kttarget 131, 1 slow
Liftoff speed
139kt
Runway alignment100.00
25.5ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
5ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed79.85
204kttarget 169
Rate of climb100.00
591fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 995 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 4,644 ft of runway left; gear up at 5 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,600 fpm on average to 995 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3204 kt avgtarget 169THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 130 kttarget 131Liftoff 139 ktGear up 5 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 8,989 ft runway.

Rolled from 768 ft in, drifted 26 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 25.8 ft LROLL 768 FT INAirborne 3,253 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,253 ft of 8,989 ft · 36 %
Behind the start of the roll, 768 ftTakeoff roll, 2,485 ft Left ahead, 5,736 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.006 of 6500 ft 83.335 of 6
Gear down
Sink rate780 fpm740 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.1°
On centreline0.1° off0.0° off
On speed+23 kt+20 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 18 kt above the approach speed of 120 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.2 to 0.7 nm, then not again: slow from 0.7 nm and low from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KNEW 36L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 4 nm to 0.4 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 110 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3116943781521,000 ft gate6 of 61,048 ft · 143 kt500 ft gate5 of 6on speed562 ft · 140 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 31× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 40 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR100 ft L0100 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND18 ft R8 ft R5 ft R9 ft L16 ft R6 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.8 nm, then fast to 1.2 nm (up to +20 kt), then inside the band to 0.7 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −25 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 120+30 kt+20 kt+5 kt−13 kt−25 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KNEW 36L

Over the threshold

ThresholdFail
not crossed - landed short
Centreline offset91.12
37.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold22.75
-579ft
Centreline82.24
35.4ft L
Speed100.00
95kttarget 117 or less
Touchdown rate75.55
-284fpm
Impact100.00
1.25G
BouncesOk
None
The flare71.38

The aircraft touched down before the threshold. Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 4° of bank.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 0 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 97 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 12 s, an average deceleration of 0.29 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,234 ft30 kt · 1,490 fttouchdown1,550 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Began the flare at 21 ft, 1,090 ft before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 58 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 579 ft before the threshold.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

58 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 21 ft, 1,090 ft before the threshold−448 fpm · 6.7° · 99 ktdescent slowed at 0 ft · −289 fpm · 9.1° Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 58 ft, down at -579 ft

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 6,063 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 579 ft SHORT of the threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 579 ft short of the threshold. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,255 ft of 6,063 ft · 21 %
Rollout, 1,255 ft Left over, 4,808 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,255ft38 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
14.8ft L

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Flight narrative

The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 31 at KMDT Harrisburg International Airport for 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Take-off was on runway 31. The aircraft used 3,243 ft of runway, 36 % of the available length, and rotated at 130 kt. Local weather was 63 °F with wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 1 kt crosswind and a 2 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 35 seconds, averaging 1,510 fpm and reaching 214 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 1,356 ft asl to 15,244 ft asl in 6 minutes, covering 27 nm and passing overhead Highspire.

Descent from 15,657 ft asl to 7,499 ft asl took 3 minutes over 17 nm, starting overhead Biglerville. The aircraft then climbed from 7,942 ft asl to 36,568 ft asl in 12 minutes, covering 75 nm, beginning 1 mile north-west of KFAH Carroll Valley Airport.

Level flight at 37,000 ft asl was held for 80 minutes, covering 697 nm, beginning 2 miles west of 4VA4 Hepner Airport.

Descent from 37,008 ft asl to 1,282 ft asl lasted 21 minutes, covering 124 nm, beginning 2 miles south-west of Hurley.

Final approach to runway 36L at KNEW Lakefront Airport began at 1,321 ft agl and descended to 69 ft agl in 98 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, and wings level; speed was not met at one gate. The landing gear was lowered at 1,744 ft agl at 182 kt, and flap position 4 was selected at 469 ft agl at 141 kt.

The aircraft touched down on runway 36L at a point 579 ft short of the threshold; the threshold was never crossed in the air. Touchdown speed was 95 kt, with a rate of -284 fpm. The touchdown point was misaligned by 35 ft from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 2,413 ft, 40 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good. Local weather was 59 °F with wind 2 kt from 270°, giving a 2 kt crosswind and no headwind.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area for 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered 947 nm in 128 minutes and used 413 lb of fuel.

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