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28A
Indian Trail, United States
Runway 22
Elevation564 ft asl
Weight1,923 lbs
Fuel259 lbs
Wind170° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

85.54 %
28A
Indian Trail, United States
Runway 22
Elevation564 ft asl
Weight1,920 lbs
Fuel255 lbs
Wind170° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
25 May 2024 0:09 3 nm PA28 Warrior II 4 lbs
Departure Score
96.67 %
Pattern Score
66.93 %
Arrival Score
93.01 %

What went well

Touchdown 708 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 33 ft and 69 kt — both inside band
1.16 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Pattern Downwind — Heading -32.7 ° at 0 %, Average altitude 586 ft agl at 19 %, −6.02 points
Pattern Crosswind — Heading -60.2 ° at 0 %, −5.00 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.4 ° at 41 %, bank angle up to 18.0 ° at 60 %, −1.73 points

Next time

Improve the pattern downwind leg

See Pattern Downwind

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 22 at 28A Goose Creek, Average speed was 7 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kn0 kn min to max 14 kn 0 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 22 at 28A Goose Creek. Takeoff distance 777 ft 35 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kn. Local weather - Temperature 84 °F. Wind 2 kn at 170 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 777 ft35 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 69 knTarget 65 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 10.0 ft8.8 ft left to 1.2 ft right -0.5 2.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.4 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 22 28A Goose Creek.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn69 kn min to max 74 kn 69 74 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.3 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 519 ft/m416 ft/m min to max 588 ft/m 416 588 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl 0 53 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °2.3 ° min to max 7.0 ° 2.3 7.0 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 22 28A Goose Creek.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 75 kn74 kn min to max 80 kn 74 80 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 0.8 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 657 ft/m433 ft/m min to max 784 ft/m 591 529 ft/m
Info Average altitude 120 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 336 ft agl 53 336 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °4.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 7.0 4.6 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 22 28A Goose Creek. Distance was less than 1 nm in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 78 kn78 kn min to max 80 kn 80 78 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.7 °5.8 ° min to max 24.0 ° 5.8 24.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 590 ft/m469 ft/m min to max 737 ft/m 562 631 ft/m
Info Average altitude 419 ft agl348 ft agl min to max 488 ft agl 348 488 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.5 °4.2 ° min to max 6.8 ° 4.9 6.1 °
Pattern Crosswind 55.00Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 22 28A Goose Creek. Distance was less than 1 nm in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -60.2 °-97.5 ° min to max 12.7 ° 12.7 -95.4 °
100 % Average speed 82 kn77 kn min to max 91 kn 78 91 kn
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.97 g min to max 1.16 g 1.12 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 353 ft/m155 ft/m min to max 710 ft/m 671 216 ft/m
Info Average altitude 587 ft agl499 ft agl min to max 641 ft agl 499 641 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 17.2 °0.1 ° min to max 30.0 ° 25.6 2.7 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-0.0 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.4 0.5 °
Pattern Downwind 45.78Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 82 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -32.7 °-166.8 ° min to max 15.0 ° -4.2 -166.8 °
19 % Average altitude 586 ft agl318 ft agl min to max 692 ft agl 646 318 ft agl
100 % Average speed 80 kn73 kn min to max 91 kn 91 77 kn
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.84 g min to max 1.14 g 1.09 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -225 ft/m-838 ft/m min to max 632 ft/m 259 -833 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 10.0 °0.3 ° min to max 23.8 ° 2.8 20.5 °
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-7.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.0 -5.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 658 ft agl · 86 kt
Arrival Final 1 79.23Approaching runway 22 at 28A Goose Creek from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 305 ft agl to 35 ft agl. A decrease of 269 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
41 % Approach angle 3.4 °2.2 ° min to max 5.0 °Target 3.0 ° 5.0 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn70 kn min to max 77 kn 77 70 kn
96 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 0.1 °
60 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.1 ° min to max 18.0 ° 18.0 2.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.08 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -951 ft/m-1,034 ft/m min to max -686 ft/m -821 -939 ft/m
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 305 ft agl 305 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.1 °-6.6 ° min to max -3.3 ° -4.4 -3.7 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 99.53Landing on runway 22 at 28A Goose Creek, runway length 2,217 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 70 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 70 kn. Target 65 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -0.0 °
95 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.9 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 1.09 g
Info Average speed 65 kn59 kn min to max 70 kn 70 59 kn
Info Average VSI -443 ft/m-930 ft/m min to max -170 ft/m -930 -170 ft/m
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 34 1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-3.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° -3.4 4.4 °
025050075008.7518263544Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500750-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 93.26Touchdown distance was good at 705 ft. Touchdown speed at 59 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was good at -170 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 84 °F. Wind 2 kn at 170 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Touchdown VSI was -170 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 705 ftTarget 1,239 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 59 knTarget 56 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 3.0 ft0.2 ft right -1.4 1.5 ft
88 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.16 g 1.09 1.05 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 57 kn53 kn min to max 59 kn 59 53 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °1.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.4 1.0 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,103 ft, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,103 ft50 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.0 ft2.3 ft left to 0.7 ft right 1.7 -0.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average speed 43 kn33 kn min to max 52 kn 52 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.0 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kn6 kn min to max 30 kn 30 6 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.6 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.8 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 2.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.3° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 7 kt 0.4° 0 s
Liftoff1,463 ft 69 kt 2.3° 55.6 s
35 ft2,044 ft · 4.7 s after liftoff 73 kt 6.4° 60 s
End of the climb5,842 ft · 336 ft 80 kt 4.6° 89 s

Takeoff from 28A 22

Takeoff roll100.00
1,533ft69 %
Liftoff speed100.00
69kt
Runway alignment100.00
8.8ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
518fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 336 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft at the runway end; then climbing at 600 fpm on average to 336 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 ktSCALE CHANGES0.6 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,217 ft runway.

Rolled from 78 ft in, drifted 9 ft left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 69 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 8.9 ft LROLL 78 FT INAirborne 1,541 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,541 ft of 2,217 ft · 70 %
Behind the start of the roll, 78 ftTakeoff roll, 1,463 ft Left ahead, 676 ft

The circuit to 28A 22

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 82 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1crosswinddownwind90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft27°1distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
450 ft
Bank
27°
Speed
78 kt

Early: turned crosswind at 450 ft. US guidance is within 300 ft of circuit height, 700 ft here, so the climb ends on downwind.

Crosswind. Turn 90 degrees when you're within about 300 ft of pattern altitude, which at a standard field means roughly 700 ft AGL, or two-thirds of the way up. That rule exists for a reason worth knowing. It means you finish the climb and level off on downwind, wings level, rather than trying to capture an altitude mid-turn. If you turn crosswind at pattern altitude instead, you arrive on downwind still cleaning up, and the abeam point catches you unconfigured.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Downwind
Height
586 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
80 kt
Out
0.4 nm 0.8 suits 82 kt

Low on downwind: 586 ft against 1,000 ft, 414 ft below.

Descending on downwind. Power comes back abeam, the aircraft isn't re-trimmed, your eyes are outside judging the turn point, and 100 ft leaks away before base. Shows up as a low gate 2, and everything after it is a scramble.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Crosswind55Downwind46

The approach to 28A 22

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 180 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND357
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 0.6 nm, never more than 460 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND131 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on 28A 22

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
33ft
Threshold speed100.00
69kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.2ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
708ft
Centreline100.00
1.5ft L
Speed100.00
59kt
Touchdown rate87.40
-170fpm
Impact100.00
1.16G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 3° of bank.

Wind 170° at 2 kt · 1 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 60 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 6 s, an average deceleration of 0.28 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 420 fttouchdown437 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 2,217 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 33 ft, 17 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 708 ft in, 292 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 2,217 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

33 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −169 fpm · 4.4° nose up · 59 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 33 ft, down at 708 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 830 fpm at 31 ft to 170 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 7.9° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−169 fpm at touchdown4.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 2,217 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 708 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 708 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.16 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 885 ft of 2,217 ft · 40 %
In the air over the runway, 708 ftRollout, 177 ft Left over, 1,332 ft
Rollout distance100.00
177ft40 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.3ft L

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