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CYND
Gatineau, Canada
Runway 27
Elevation210 ft asl
Weight1,097 kg
Fuel61 kg
Wind222° · 5 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

89.20 %
CYND
Gatineau, Canada
Runway 27
Elevation210 ft asl
Weight1,095 kg
Fuel59 kg
Wind225° · 6 kn · 3 kn cross
21 Nov 2024 0:08 19 nm Cessna C172 2 kg
Departure Score
96.41 %
Pattern Score
81.14 %
Arrival Score
90.04 %

What went well

Touched down at -94 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 241 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.08 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 159.3 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 36.1 ° at 77 %, −6.29 points
Arrival Final 2 — Approach angle 5.1 ° at 0 %, −2.07 points
Departure Climb 2 — scored 90.00 %, −1.11 points

Next time

Hold the approach angle

See Arrival Final 2

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 12 stages, 10 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 27 at CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport, Average speed was 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 18 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.4 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.2 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 27 at CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport. Takeoff distance 355 m 19 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 6 kn at 221 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 355 m19 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 62 knTarget 65 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 3.49 m2.64 m left to 0.85 m right 2.64 0.50 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.08 g 0.99 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.5 ° min to max 8.2 ° 3.0 8.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.7 0.7 °
Departure Climb 1 99.24Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 27 CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 63 kn61 kn min to max 65 kn 62 64 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.7 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.09 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 547 ft/m319 ft/m min to max 702 ft/m 319 702 ft/m
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 1 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °8.3 ° min to max 12.2 ° 8.4 11.5 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 27 CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 73 kn64 kn min to max 94 kn 64 77 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 3.0 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.71 g min to max 1.29 g 0.99 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 646 ft/m-872 ft/m min to max 1,444 ft/m 704 -476 ft/m
Info Average altitude 237 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 1,224 ft agl 51 1,166 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °-2.5 ° min to max 12.2 ° 11.5 0.5 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 161 ft agl · 85 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 201 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 960 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 960 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 960 ft agl · 76 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Right hand pattern entry from runway 27 CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport. Distance was 6 nm in 57 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 85 kn78 kn min to max 90 kn 80 78 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.1 °0.1 ° min to max 32.7 ° 7.0 19.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.61 g min to max 1.31 g 1.01 1.28 g
Info Average VSI 34 ft/m-742 ft/m min to max 634 ft/m -254 -433 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,185 ft agl1,131 ft agl min to max 1,238 ft agl 1,161 1,199 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-4.0 ° min to max 4.0 ° 1.4 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 935 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 987 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 1,112 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Parking Brake On 1,101 ft agl · 92 kt
Pattern Downwind Turn 62.28Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 8 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 159.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 159.3 °.
100 % Average speed 90 kn68 kn min to max 134 kn 81 100 kn
77 % Average bank angle 10.3 °0.2 ° min to max 36.1 ° 11.1 1.0 °
91 % Average g force 1.02 g0.27 g min to max 1.80 g 1.41 0.67 g
Info Average VSI 54 ft/m-1,045 ft/m min to max 1,922 ft/m -213 -340 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,227 ft agl826 ft agl min to max 1,425 ft agl 1,197 826 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-8.2 ° min to max 12.9 ° 3.0 -5.2 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 990 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 976 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Parking Brake On 969 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 948 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Parking Brake On 984 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 1,036 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,161 ft agl · 77 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 955 ft agl · 135 kt
Info Parking Brake On 830 ft agl · 103 kt
Arrival Final 2 68.89Approaching runway 27 at CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 809 ft agl to 457 ft agl. A decrease of 352 ft in 44 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 5.1 °4.4 ° min to max 6.5 °Target 3.0 ° 4.5 6.4 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn66 kn min to max 103 kn 99 68 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.2 °
95 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.2 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.4 1.2 °
98 % Average g force 1.00 g0.46 g min to max 1.57 g 0.74 0.79 g
Info Average VSI -486 ft/m-1,285 ft/m min to max 338 ft/m -792 -985 ft/m
Info Average altitude 606 ft agl457 ft agl min to max 809 ft agl 809 457 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-11.9 ° min to max 4.1 ° -7.3 -11.9 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 770 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 588 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 588 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 581 ft agl · 84 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 574 ft agl · 83 kt
11.251.51.752500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 87.84Approaching runway 27 at CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 433 ft agl to 21 ft agl. A decrease of 412 ft in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
51 % Approach angle 2.4 °1.6 ° min to max 6.2 °Target 3.0 ° 6.2 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn55 kn min to max 76 kn 72 55 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.2 -0.0 °
89 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 7.8 ° 1.4 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.83 g min to max 1.35 g 0.95 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -625 ft/m-1,566 ft/m min to max -267 ft/m -1,290 -267 ft/m
Info Average altitude 72 ft agl21 ft agl min to max 433 ft agl 433 21 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-12.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° -12.2 3.3 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 93.49Landing on runway 27 at CYND Ottawa / Gatineau Airport, runway length 1,823 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed at 55 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
74 % Threshold speed at 55 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 70 kn
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average speed 51 kn46 kn min to max 55 kn 55 46 kn
Info Average VSI -186 ft/m-265 ft/m min to max -94 ft/m -265 -94 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl7 ft agl min to max 30 ft agl 30 7 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.6 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.4 6.8 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 99.99Touchdown distance was good at 238 m. Touchdown speed at 46 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -94 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 6 kn at 224 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 5 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -94 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 238 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 46 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.58 m0.35 m right -0.58 -0.08 m
99.7 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.3 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.99 g min to max 1.17 g 0.99 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 45 kn45 kn min to max 46 kn 46 45 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °5.4 ° min to max 6.8 ° 6.8 5.7 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 722 m, 40 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 722 m40 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.92 m1.87 m left to 2.05 m right -0.05 0.09 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average speed 45 kn31 kn min to max 50 kn 50 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °0.6 ° min to max 6.0 ° 5.7 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 49 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 49 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 11 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kn7 kn min to max 28 kn 28 7 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.6 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 61 kt with 6.4° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.4° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 13 kt 3.0° 0 s
Liftoff340 m 61 kt 6.4° 14.5 s
35 ft498 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 64 kt 10.9° 19.1 s
End of the climb0 m · 1,166 ft 77 kt 0.5° 75 s

Takeoff from CYND 27

Takeoff roll100.00
355m19 %
Liftoff speed100.00
61kt
Runway alignment100.00
2.64m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.24
546fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 1,166 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,273 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,150 fpm on average to 1,166 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

1,250 ft625 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 61 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,823 m runway.

Rolled from 51 m in, drifted 2.7 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 21 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 2.65 m LROLL 51 M INAirborne 391 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 391 m of 1,823 m · 21 %
Behind the start of the roll, 51 mTakeoff roll, 340 m Left ahead, 1,431 m

The circuit to CYND 27

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from where you joined to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING290+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANK36°2distance flown →
HeightBankA turn30° of bank
2Onto downwind
Bank
36°

Steep: 36° of bank.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Turn onto downwind62

The approach to CYND 27

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

On the glideslope from 2.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.9 nm, then high to 0.3 nm (up to 280 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND946772591442
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 14× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 2.2 nm, never more than 28 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR70 m L070 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND7 m R21 m R14 m R8 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CYND 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
29ft
Threshold speed73.96
54kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
241m
Centreline100.00
0.58m R
Speed100.00
45kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-94fpm
Impact100.00
1.17G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 225° at 6 kt · 5 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 51 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 25 s, an average deceleration of 0.05 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 515 mtouchdown535 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 29 ft, 21 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 241 m in, 64 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

29 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −94 fpm · 6.8° nose up · 46 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 29 ft, down at 241 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 280 fpm at 28 ft to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−94 fpm at touchdown6.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,823 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.4 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 241 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 241 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 709 m of 1,823 m · 39 %
In the air over the runway, 241 mRollout, 468 m Left over, 1,113 m
Rollout distance100.00
468m39 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.05m R

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