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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.
What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 14 m off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Reduce power earlier on final to cross the threshold at 106 kt instead of carrying excess speed.
What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 119 kt, 13 kt above 106 kt, and the flare's sink was arrested before 728 fpm of it came back. Excess speed carrying into a flare that lets sink return like this usually rolls the touchdown point long, and here it landed 394 m beyond 457 m.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 106 kt at the threshold
Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 12 stages, 11 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 119 kt, 8 kt above the 111 kt target, and lifted off at 123 kt 1.7 s later, the nose coming up at 2.8° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 139 kt target, at 138 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 937 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,636 m of runway left; gear up at 149 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,290 fpm on average to 937 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,538 m runway.
Rolled from 39 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 14 m at the widest, and lifted off 12 m right, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 28 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to 1.5 nm, then not again: fast from 0.7 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 1.5 nm, then drifted 73 m left between 1.5 and 0.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.7 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +17 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare wandered off the target profile. Crossing the threshold 14 kt above target, the flare ballooned 12 ft agl back up from 8 ft agl above the runway, 320 m in. Touchdown was 851 m past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
47 kt across from the right, which takes about 29° of crab to hold the centreline at 96 kt. Touched down with 21° of it still on, 5° of bank.
Wind 145° at 47 kt · 1 kt head · 47 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 88 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 21 s, an average deceleration of 0.22 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare high, at 61 ft, 69 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; ballooned 12 ft from 8 ft. Touched down 851 m in, 546 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 510 fpm before coming down at 240 fpm to touch. The nose came up 6.3° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,199 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 9.4 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 10 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 851 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The ATR-72 taxied to runway 07 at V C Bird International Airport (TAPA) and commenced the take-off roll. The aircraft used 719 m of runway, representing 28 % of the available length, and lifted off at 124 kt. Ambient temperature was 31 °C with a wind of 23 kt from 079°, providing a 21 kt head-wind component and an 8 kt cross-wind component.
Climb began directly overhead TAPA, with the airplane accelerating from 1,039 ft asl to 6,247 ft asl, an altitude gain of 5,208 ft achieved in 4 minutes while covering 13 nm.
Level cruise was established 8 nm west of Saint John’s and was maintained for 9 minutes, during which the aircraft progressed 44 nm.
Descent was initiated 6 nm south of Boyd’s, descending from 6,259 ft asl to 1,470 ft asl, a loss of 4,789 ft in 6 minutes and spanning 19 nm.
The final approach to runway 07 at Robert L. Bradshaw International Airport (TKPK) was flown from the south-west on a heading of 56.0° at 4 nm and 1,301 ft agl. The aircraft then descended from 1,345 ft agl to 54 ft agl in 133 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing was executed on runway 07, whose length is 2,196 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was well above target at 120 kt. Touchdown occurred 420 m beyond the touchdown zone with a speed of 96 kt and a smooth touchdown rate of minus 139 fpm. The touchdown point was offset 8.9 m from the centreline. Local conditions were 29 °C, wind 46 kt from 148°, yielding a 46 kt cross-wind and a 1 kt tail-wind component. Total landing distance measured 1,020 m, equivalent to 46 % of the runway, and the rollout was slightly misaligned by 10.9 m from the centreline.
In total, the flight covered 85 nm, taking 22, and consumed 319 kg of fuel.
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